جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « medicinal plants » در نشریات گروه « اکولوژی »

Introduction :

 The increasing use of medicinal plants and their products has highlighted the role of these plants in the global economic cycle. As its increasing consumption is not only allocated to developing countries, but also is one of the important health factors in developed countries. The aim of this study was to zoning areas prone to cultivation of medicinal plant species and using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model in Qom province.

  For this study, by screening the criteria and options, 9 criteria were selected, include: (Elevation, Slope, Absolute maximum annual temperature, Absolute minimum annual temperature, Soil texture, Depth of soil, EC water, Access to water resources and Land use) and 7 options include: Thymus vulgaris, Lavandula angustifolia, Maticaria chamomilla, Melissa officinalis, Aloysia citrodora, Foeniculum vulgare and Rosmarinus officinalis. Using AHP model, the weight of each criterion was determined by pairwise comparison between them based on questionnaire information with a mismatch rate of 0.01 and using Expert Choice software. According to the weight assigned to each of the nine layers in the weighting stage in the AHP model, in the ArcGIS software environment in each of the layers, applied through the Weighted overlay algorithm and also for Operation Assurance The Raster Calculator algorithm was used to overlap the layers and the zoning map of Qom province in terms of areas prone to cultivation of medicinal plants was prepared for each of the 7 species of medicinal plants. The final map was classified into four categories or constraint classes, including: No constraints, low to medium constraints, medium to high constraints and high constraints.

  Water shortage crisis is a threat; but by changing the cultivation pattern, it can be turned into an opportunity. Due to the hot and dry climate in the region, the cultivation of medicinal plants in areas such as Qom where the environmental and climatic conditions are stressful, can be much more suitable than the cultivation of cropsfrom an economic point of view. It is also cost-effective and has more added value. On the other hand, lack of complete knowledge about the various aspects of planting, holding and harvesting of medicinal plants from a scientific and technical point of view and the lack of a stable and reliable market for selling herbal medicinal products and continuous interaction between producers and consumers are some of the problems in this sector. The results showed that among the zoning criteria, the highest weight belonged to the EC water criterion with 30.3% and the lowest weight belonged to the land slope criterion with 3%. Is. According to the results obtained from the weighting of zoning criteria, in which more than half of the weight of 9 criteria belong to 2 criteria related to water, namely EC water with 30.3% and access to water resources with 23.3%. Percentage can be attributed to the importance and special position of water (both qualitatively and quantitatively) for the cultivation of medicinal plant species in the region in question, namely Qom province, where the predominant climate is arid and desert areas. After the production of zoning maps, it was found that in total, for areas susceptible to cultivation of 7 studied medicinal plant species, on average: 8.66% of the area in the first floor (without restrictions), 6.38 Percent is located in the 2nd floor (low to medium limit), 12.71% is in the 3rd floor (medium to high limit) and 71.97% is in the 4th floor (high limit).

  The results showed that among the zoning criteria for areas susceptible to cultivation of medicinal plant species in Qom province, the highest weight belonged to the EC water criterion with 30.3% and the lowest weight belonged to the land slope criterion with 3%. After generating the zoning maps, it was found that in total, for areas susceptible to cultivation of 7 studied medicinal plant species, on average: 8.66% of the area in the first floor (without restrictions), 6.38 Percent is located in the 2nd floor (low to medium limit), 12.71% is in the 3rd floor (medium to high limit) and 71.97% is in the 4th floor (high limit).

This study was conducted to evaluate the interaction effects of potassium nitrate and arbuscular mycorrhiza on the growth and quantitative characteristics of G. glabra in the greenhouse condition.

Methods & Materials:

 In order to evaluate the effects of KNO3 and Arbuscular mycorrhiza (Glomus mossea) on the growth and quantitative characters of G. glabra an experiment as factorial based on the completely randomized design with three replications was carried out. The mycorrhiza treatments included: noninoculated (Control), 25, 50 and 100 g per pot and potassium nitrate had three levels: 0 (control), 10, 20 mmol L-1. Some characters such as plant height stem diameter, leaf area, foliage and root fresh and dry weight, leaf relative water content, chlorophyll a and b and carotenoid content were assessed.

Based on the results of this study the interaction of potassium nitrate and mycorrhiza affected the investigated characters and treatment combination of 20 mM potassium nitrate with 100 g per pot mycorrhiza increased plant height (67%), stem diameter (48.5%), foliage fresh weight (48.7%) foliage dry weight (54.9%), root fresh (69.1%) and root dry weight (64%) in relation to control. Also leaf area (41%) leaf relative water content (6.25%) chlorophyll a (28%), b (38%) and carotenoid (41%) contents increased significantly in comparison with control.

Simultaneous application of potassium nitrate and mycorrhiza, significantly affected the all of evaluated characters and improved all of them.

Medicinal plants’ intercropping system is a relatively new approach to enhance their sustainable production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of fenugreek-dill to the integrated application of manure and bio-fertilizers in the intercropping system.

In a field experiment during the growing season of 2020, the effect of manure levels (no application, 6 and 12 t ha-1), either inoculated or non-inoculated with N-fixing bacteria on biomass production, land equivalent ratio (LER), Area-time equivalent ratio, land use efficiency, agronomy efficiency of fertilizer (AEF), and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in monoculture compared to different intercropping patterns of dill:fenugreek (75:25, 50:50, and 25:75) were examined.

The results showed that the decrease in biomass production due to the decrease of fenugreek cropping ratio was compensated by 100% fertilization and bacterial inoculation which led to an increase in NUE, AEF, LERf, and the whole system advantageous in 75:25 and 50:50 dill:fenugreek intercropping ratios. Despite the decrease in biomass production and NUE with decreasing dill ratio in intercropping, biomass production under bacterial inoculation and 50% fertilization did not show any significant difference with 100% manure application, which led to increased AEF, NUE, and LER in these conditions.

According to the results, 25:75 and 50:50 dill:fenugreek intercropping ratios under 100% fertilization and bacterial inoculation can increase the total advantageous indices and NUE. For sustainable production of dill, 75:25 dill:fenugreek intercropping ratio inoculated with bacteria in 50% manure application can be recommended.

Echinophora cinerea is from Apiaceae family. This plant has anti-cancer, anti-bacterial and antioxidant properties. TheEchinophora cinerea is from Apiaceae family. This plant has anti-cancer, anti-bacterial and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study is to investigate of the some ecological and phenology characteristics of E. cinerea in rangelands of Kohgiluyeh va Boyerahmad province. To conduct research, three habitats were selected and 2 transects were established in each habitat, 30 quadrats 2*2 meters were established along the transects. Canopy cover percentage, density of E. cinerea and species associated were harvested. Soil samples were taken to determine the soil parameters including organic carbon, soil organic matter, phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, pH, EC and soil texture. The results showed that E. cinerea grows in soils with texture of loam, sandy loam and silt loam, northern slopes with 15-30%, and acidity 7.2 to 8.8, electrical conductivity 0.4 ds /m to 0.85 ds/m. The canopy cover of E. cinerea in the Shabliz, Koukhodan and Delibajak Sepidar areas are: 33.4, 28.5 and 25.5%, respectively. The average density of E. cinerea is: 6500, 6100 and 5800 per hectare, respectively. The results showed that there is not a significant difference between the average soil properties of three habitats except phosphorus at 95% probability level. The results showed that depending on the climatic conditions of the region, E. cinerea plant began its growth stage from the in early March with increasing temperature and continued until mid-March. The vegetative stage continues from mid-March to early June. The flowering stage lasts from early June to the beginning of July. The seed stage is from the beginning of July to the end of July. The seeding stage lasts from early July until the middle of July. The results of the present study can be used as a scientific guide for the cultivation of valuable medicinal plant of E. cinerea in the field of improvement and restoration of rangelands in the study area.

Flora study of Asadli-Rokhtian region with an area of ​​30,000 hectares in 25 km south of Bojnourd city located in North Khorasan province with an altitude of 1700-1900 m was performed. The aim of this study was to introduce and identify different species, medicinal plants and plants with low risk of extinction and rarity. The plants of the region were collected by survey method from May to August of 1991 and identified then handed over to the herbarium of Islamic Azad University Mashhad Branch (IAUM). The results of study showed 27 families and 61 genera including 69 species that Astragalus khoshjailensis from Fabaceae and Echinops khorassanicus from Asteraceae were reported as endemic elements for Iran and Convolvulus calyerti from Convolvulaceae, Sclerochorton haussknechtii from Apiaceae and Rosa webbiana from Rosaceae were rare species, Taraxacum hydrophilum belonginig to Asteraceae and Verbascum speciosum from Plantaginaceae  were reported as low risk of extinction from this region Also, 18 medicinal species belonging to the families Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Boraginceae, Lamiaceae, Plantaginaceae, Salicaceae, Rosaceae, Papaveraceae and Resedaceae were introduced. The largest families in the studied region were Brassicaceae and Asteraceae with seven species, Fabaceae with six species, , Lamiaceae with five species, Liliaceae, Rosaceae and Papaveraceae with four species,. The life forms of specimens included, 36.23% therophytes, 34.78% hemicryptophytes, 13.04% geophytes, 10.14% chamaephytes, and 1.14% cryptophytes. The maximum and minimum chorotype percentage belonged to Mediterranean region with 1.44% and Irano-Turanian with 68.11. Regarding to the results, the high percentage of therophytes and hemicryptophytes indicated the cold and dryness of the region, the destruction of vegetation due to road construction, livestock grazing and the 10-year relative drought of the region.

Iran has high vegetation diversity due to different climates and ecological conditions. Golestan province is one of the most diverse vegetation provinces in the country. Among the plant species of this province, the Juniper genus, with the presence of 6 native species, is one of the few coniferous species which is an important part of the under story vegetation flora of the area. Chahar Bagh Juniper Reserve with an area of 600 hectares, located in the Southern of Gorgan, with altitude range of 2150 to 3150 meters above sea level, was selected as a study area. In order to identify plant species and introducing the floristic composition, biological form and geographical distribution of plants in the area, Plant specimens were collected and identified during the vegetative seasons of 2017 and 2018. The results show that in total, the under story flora of Char-Bagh Juniper Reserve has 111 taxa including 31 families and 84 genera. The largest genus, belonged to the Poaceae (12 species), Lamiaceae (11 species), Brassicaceae (9 species), Asteraceae (8 species), Apiaceae (7 species) and Alliaceae (7 species), respectively. According to Rankiairechr('39')s plant biological form, 44% of plants belong to the hemicryptophytes, 22% in trophytes and 12% in comfit. An examination of the geographical range of vegetation in the area reveals that 61.3% of identified plants belong to Iran-Turanian vegetative zone and 7.2% of the species have European-Siberian origin and at the same time, 2.7% of the species share the same area. In addition, 9.9% of the species are common between the Iran-Turanian and Mediterranean vegetative regions and the remaining 18.9% are related to other vegetative areas or are shared between several vegetation areas. The conservation status of the plant species in the area showed that none of them were endangered. One species is in the group of less threatened (relatively vulnerable) plants and one species is in a group with insufficient information on their condition.

Nowadays, medicinal plants are being used to cure ailments and improve health. The vegetative form and biological shape of plants establish a clear relationship with specific environmental and human factors. The purpose of this study was to study the vegetative form, geographical distribution and therapeutic application of indigenous medicinal plants in Semirom rangelands. Medicinal plant species were collected from different areas of Semirom rangeland and transferred to Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Training Center for identification. After identifying the flora of the region and separating the medicinal plants, the data were collected by submitting a questionnaire to the knowledgeable and knowledgeable locals of the area (villages and tribes) about the use of medicinal plants. In this, study 62 plant species were identified in April and November of 94 and 95 belonging to 21 families and 53 genera in the region. Apiaceae with 12 species, Lamiaceae with 10 species and Asteraceae with 7 plant species were the most abundant.  According to the results of interviews with locals, most of the traditional uses of medicinal plants in rangelands of Semirom were dedicated to the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. In terms of biological formations, hemicryptophytes with 24 species (39%) were the most abundant and biodiversity and elements of the Irano-Turanian area with 19 species represented 38% equivalents.

Plant growth and development are adversely affected by salinity. In order to evaluate the effects of different salinity levels and application of chitosan on some growth parameters, photosynthesis pigments and essential oils content and yield of moldavian balm (Dracocephalium moldavica L.), a greenhouse experiment was carried out as a factorial based on the completely randomized design (CRD) and three replications. The first factor was three levels of salinity stress included 0, 25 and 50 Mm NaCl and the second factor was application of chitosan (0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 % w/v). The studied traits include the morphological (plant height, shoot fresh and dry weight, leaf fresh and dry weight and inflorescence length), chlorophyll fluorescence (Variable fluorescence, maximum chlorophyll fluorescence yield, Water degradation complex), photosynthesis pigments (chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid) and also essential oil content and yield. The results demonstrated that all morphological traits and some of physiological characteristics including chlorophyll fluorescence indices, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b and carotenoid contents significantly decreased with increasing the salinity level. In addition, the results showed that with application of chitosan in the salinity conditions, all morphological traits, antioxidant enzymes activity, and chlorophyll fluorescence (Variable fluorescence, maximum chlorophyll fluorescence yield, Water degradation complex, Y (II)) parameters improved compared with control. Furthermore, foliar application of chitosan increased the essential oil and yield under salinity stress condition. It seems that chitosan has a positive effect to overcome effects of salinity stress and might be help to increasers essential oil yield on medicinal plants.

Intercropping system is one of the most important strategies for achieving sustainable agriculture goals. Intercropping increases biodiversity in agroecosystems and enhances yield on a given piece of land by making more efficient use of the available resources. In these systems, legumes are a key functional group, and are highly valued for the agroecological services they provide. Adding legumes in fields is justified by their natural ability to exploit atmospheric nitrogen. This additional source of N is expected to avoid inter-specific competition between plants and legumes for N acquisition. Medicinal plants play pivotal role in human health. The use of sustainable agriculture is the foundation for safe and healthy Medicinal plants. Therefore, the purpose of this research was evaluation of quantitative and qualitative traits of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-greacum L.) in additive and replacement series of intercropping.

Field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research station, University of Kurdistan, during 2015 growing season. In this research, qualitative and quantitative traits of black cumin and fenugreek were investigated. Experimental design was randomized complete block with three replications. Experimental factors were 50% fenugreek + 50% black cumin, 25% black cumin + 75% fenugreek, 75% black cumin + 25% fenugreek, 100% black cumin + 12.5% fenugreek, 100% black cumin + 25% fenugreek, 100% black cumin + 37.5% fenugreek, 100% black cumin + 50% fenugreek based on replacement and additive series and their monocultures. The seeds were sown directly on 4th of May for both plants. In this study, morphological characteristics consisted of branch number per plant, follicle number per plant, seed number per follicle, 1000 seed weight, essential oil content, essential oil yield of black cumin and branch number per plant, pod number per plant, seed number per pod, 1000 seed weight of fenugreek and biological and seed yield were measured in both plants. Intercropping indexes included of LER and ATER were also evaluated. The obtained data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS statistical software and means were compared using the least significant difference test (L.S.D) at level of 0.05.

The results revealed that different intercropping ratios had significant effect on morphological traits, biological and seed yield of both plants. The usage of 100% black cumin + 12.5% fenugreek gave the highest values of branch number per plant (18.87), follicle Number per plant (29.73), Seed number per follicle (52.6), 1000-seed weight (2.67 g), seed yield (972.1 kg.ha-1), biological yield (2757.1 kg.ha-1) and essential oil yield (11.19 kg.ha-1) of black cumin. It seems that black cumin was more efficient for uptake nutrient resources in comparison with fenugreek. With increasing fenugreek density different traits of black cumin decreased in the other additive treatments. This decrement maybe related to the effect of density which increases competition. Statistical analysis revealed that all traits of fenugreek such as branch number per plant, pod number per plant, Seed number per pod, 1000-seed weight, biological yield and seed yield were 12.27, 16.80, 11.63, 15.77g, 3266.7 kg.ha-1 and 874.4 kg.ha-1, respectively. These values belonged to monoculture of fenugreek. Intercropping indexes included of LER (1.36) and ATER (1.30) showed higher values in 100% black cumin + 12.5% fenugreek treatment.

The highest values of most characteristics of black cumin were obtained from 100% black cumin + 12.5% fenugreek. Furthermore, it could be concluded that the mentioned additive series was the best treatment of intercropping and gave the highest LER and ATER due to improved growth condition.

Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is a small annual herbaceous and annual medicinal plant that is a member of the aromatic plant family (Apiaceae). It is planted in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran. The seeds are used to add flavor to spicy dishes. Cumin seeds contain numerous phytochemicals that are known to have antioxidant, carminative and anti-flatulent properties. In addition, the seeds yield about 22% fats, numerous free amino acids, and a variety of flavonoid glycosides. Persian shallot (Allium altissimum Regel.) is a medicinal, industrial and perennial plant that belongs to the Alliaceae family and has underground bulbs. It is native and endemic of Iran and grows wild on the mountains quite resistant to cold and freezing stress. Persian shallot is widely used in food and medicinal industries. Intercropping allows for improved resource use efficiency such as light, water and nutrients and beneficial interactions between the plants. Intercropping work to decrease the spread of plant diseases by reducing the quantity of susceptible host plants. Other benefits of intercropping include optimal use of resources, stabilization of yield, weed suppression, improved soil fertility conservation, and higher economic returns. The paper evaluated the effect of intercropping ratios as replacement series of cumin and Persian shallot on growth physiological indices such as dry matter (DM), leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR) and relative growth rate (RGR).          

This experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Agricultural Research Station, College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad during growing season of 2014-2015. Replacement intercropping ratios such as 80% cumin+20% shallot, 60% cumin+40% shallot, 50% cumin+50% shallot, 40% cumin+60% shallot, 20% cumin+80% shallot and their monoculture were considered as treatments. Plant density for shallot bulbs and cumin seeds were considered as 10 bulbs.m-2 and 120 plants.m-2, respectively. DM, LAI, CGR and RGR were measured and calculated were measured and calculated. In order to measure the growth indices, the destructive samplings were carried out every 10 days from 50 cm of row in each plot. All plants were harvested by cutting at the soil surface. Plants were then divided into leaf and stem. The areas of green leaves were measured using a Delta-T leaf area meter (Delta-T Devices, Cambridge, England). Then the samples including stems and leaves were dried in a forced-air oven at 70 ০C for 48 h and after witch DM was measured. The leaf area data was divided to ground area and the leaf area index (LAI) was obtained. The LAI data was fitted to the equation to predict the LAI in growth season. The sigmoid equation was fitted to the TDM data and by derivation from this equation, CGR and RGR were obtained. The graphs were drawn by Excel.

The results showed that the maximum and the minimum DM of cumin and Persian shallot were observed in their monoculture with 426 and 289 g.m-2, respectively. Crop growth rate of cumin reached to its peak in 50 days after planting followed by a decreasing trend afterwards, the highest and the lowest CGR were recorded in monoculture (8.45 g.m-2.d-1) and 20% cumin+80% Persian shallot (13.7 g.m-2.d-1), respectively. For Persian shallot, the time was calculated with 55 days after emergence. The maximum and the minimum CGR of Persian shallot were calculated for its monoculture (8.0 g.m-2.d-1) and 80% cumin+20% Persian shallot, respectively. RGR in all intercropped treatments declined as plant age increased, so that at the end of growth season RGR got close to zero. At the beginning of growth stage, due to radiation penetration and less shading and less respiration, RGR is more and its reduction slope is less.

The results indicated that the intercropping of cumin with Persian shallot increased growth physiological indices such as LAI, DM, CGR and RGR. Studied traits of cumin and Persian shallot were increased by changing in planting ratios from intercropping to its monoculture. The results confirmed the better use of resources especially for radiation and water of these plants in intercropping treatments.