جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "weed biomass" در نشریات گروه "اکولوژی"

This research was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of non-chemical methods including living mulch, straw mulch and hand weeding in integration with trifluralin on weed control and basil (Ocimum bacilicum L.) yield.

The experiment was conducted in Research Field of University of Tabriz in 2022 based on randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and three replications. Weed management treatments included weed-free treatment in entire growth season, weed-infested treatment in entire growth season, using the trifluralin herbicide (Treflan EC 48%) at 100% of the recommended dose (2.5 L ha-1), trifluralin herbicide at 50% of the recommended dose (1.25 L ha-1), trifluralin herbicide at 50% of the recommended dose in integration with bitter vetch living mulch, wheat straw mulch and one time hand weeding and using mentioned non-chemical treatments alone (without application of trifluralin).

The highest weed biomass reduction percentage was observed in trifluralin 50% + one time hand weeding (85%) that was not significantly different with those in one time hand weeding (83%), trifluralin 50% + wheat straw mulch (65%) and trifluralin 100%. The highest basil dry weight (260 g m-2) was obtained in trifluralin 50% + one time hand weeding.

Using weed management treatments including one time hand weeding and trifluralin 50% + wheat straw mulch could be introduced to the growers in line with reduction of herbicide application and sustainable production of basil

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cover crops and their residues and mechanical and chemical methods on weed density and biomass in the Miandoab vineyards.

To achieve the research goal, a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of completely random blocks with 4 replications and 2 factors in the spring of 2015 and 2016 in the Sogli Tappeh (altitude 1300 meters, latitude 46 degrees and 2 minutes and longitude 36 degrees and 93 minutes) and Nasir Kandi villages (altitude 1300 meters, latitude 46 degrees and 7 minutes and longitude 36 degrees and 91 minutes). The first factor includes planting Vicia peregrina cover crop (after plowing), planting Vicia peregrina cover crop (without plowing), planting Ajowan cover crop (after plowing), planting Ajowan cover crop (without plowing), the application of glyphosate herbicide after growing (3 liters per hectare), manual weeding, weed-free control, and the second factor includes the standing and traditional systems.

The predominant weeds in the studied vineyards include Johnson grass, Binweed and Licorice. Nonplowed Vicia peregrina in the standing system (132 g.m-2 ) and Ajowan after conventional plowing in the standing system (95 g.m-2 ) had the highest and lowest biomass production of cover crops. In both Vicia peregrina and Ajowan plants, cover biomass production was the same in traditional and standing systems. Application of herbicide, similar to weed-free control, reduced weed density by more than 90%, and the highest length and weight of grape were obtained in this treatment. But Vicia peregrina and Ajowan without plowing in both horticultural systems reduced the weed density by 47% and 32%, respectively, compared to the weedinfected control. Regardless of plowing type in both horticultural systems, the weight and length of grape in planting cover crops such as Vicia peregrina and Ajowan increased significantly compared to weed-infected conditions (no weeding). Also, the amount of soluble solids varied from 10.8% in weed-infected control to 15.16% in glyphosate herbicide usage.

Since among the cover crops, non-plowed Vicia peregrina had the highest reduction in weed growth with comparing the weed density averages, it can be introduced as the best management strategy for weed control in vineyards. In general, planting cover crops in both garden systems with any type of plowing can reduce weed density and increase the quantitative and qualitative of grapes, although herbicides and weedfree control are superior to cover crops.

This research was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of reduced rates of trifluralin in integration with different living mulches, wheat atraw mulch and hand weeding on weeds, grain yield and yield components of sesame.

The experiment was conducted in Research Field of Agriculture-Jahad in Khoda Afarin County in 2019 as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was application of different rates of trifluralin at four levels including 0, 50, 75 and 100 % (recommended dose of 2 L/ha) of trifluralin and the second factor was different levels of non-chemical weed managements consisted of planting the living mulches of fenugreek, bitter vetch and pot marigold, application of wheat straw mulch, one time hand weeding and without non-chemical weed management (control).

The results indicated that the weed density and biomass were affected by herbicide dose, non-chemical weed management treatment and their interaction effect. Application of trifluralin in integration with straw mulch and hand weeding had more weed control efficacy compared with living mulch treatments. In pot marigold living mulch treatment, the grain yield was not significantly different between recommended rate and 75% of recommended rate of trifluralin.

Among the non-chemichal weed management treatments the application of wheat straw mulch and one time hand weeding had higher efficacy compared with living mulch treatments and could be used in integration with doses lower than recommended dose of trifluralin in sustainable weed management of sesame.

This research was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of different rates of trifluralin in integration with non-chemical managements including living mulch, straw mulch and hand weeding on weeds, growth characteristics and yield of dill.

The experiment was conducted in Research Field of Agriculture-Jahad in Khoda Afarin County in 2019 as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was application of different rates of trifluralin at four levels including 0, 50, 75 and 100 % of recommended dose (2 L/ha) of herbicide and the second factor was different levels of non-chemical weed management and control (without non-chemical weed management). Also the weed-free treatment was considered in the experiment.

The results indicated that the weed biomass was affected by non-chemical weed management treatments. The effect of hand weeding treatment in reduction of weed biomass was higher than that in wheat straw mulch treatment. The greatest grain yield of dill (9840 kg/ha) was obtained in application of recommended dose of trifluralin + wheat straw mulch.

In living mulch treatments there were no significant difference in dill grain yield in 50 and 75% of herbicide recommended dose. Generally application of straw mulch and hand weeding had higher grain yield compared with fenugreek and bitter vetch living mulch treatments and could be recommended to the growers.

Evaluation of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) effect on weed control, yield, yield components and essential oil of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) in mixed cropping were important objectives of this study.  

Experiment was carried out as a split plot based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications at the field of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research of Meshginehshahr in 2018. The effect of weed control as the main factor was included two levels of control and non-control of weeds and different planting pattern in 7 level: coriander sole cropping, hairy vetch sole cropping, intercropping of coriander and hairy vetch (1:1) with different spacing of plants on hairy vetch rows including 5 (A), 7.5 (B), 10 (C), 12.5 (D) and 15 (E) cm, were as sub factor.  

The highest number of lateral branches and essential oil percentage (0.29%) of coriander were obtained in E, number of umbrella per plant in all intercropping treatments, and the number of grains per umbrella in C and D treatments. The highest biological yield (3013 kg.ha-1) and grain yield (689.2 kg.ha-1) of coriander were obtained in sole cropping with weed control treatment, and the highest essential oil yields were obtained in sole cropping (1.85 kg.ha-1) and intercropping of coriander with hairy vetch at 15 cm distances on rows (1.86 kg.ha-1) in weed control conditions. The lowest weed biomass was recorded in intercropping with 5 cm distances of seeds on rows of hairy vetch without any differences with 7.5 and 10 cm distances of seeds, which led to decreases of weed biomass by 14.2 and 9.2 % compared to sole cropping of coriander and hairy vetch, respectively. Land equivalent ratio (LER) based on biological yield in all intercropping treatments was greater than 1 and indicated the superiority of intercropping over sole cropping in both crops in the studied treatments.  

In general, to achieve higher yield of coriander essential oil in intercroping with hairy vetch, planting distance of 15 cm of hairy vetch under weed control and planting distance of 5 cm of hairy vetch without weed control are appropriate. For more control on weed, planting of hairy vetch at distances of 5, 7.5 and 10 cm will be effective in intercroping with coriander.

In order to evaluate the dodder (Cuscuta campestris) control methods in tomato an experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with 11 treatments and four replications (in box) at the Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz in 2016. The dodder control treatments were including application of glyphosate with 100 g ai.ha-1 (infestation at 3-4- and 5-6-leaf stage of tomato), application of glyphosate with 150 g ai.ha-1 (infestation at 3-4- and 5-6-leaf stage), application of Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) water extract at ratio of 1:10 (m/v) (infestation at 3-4- and 5-6-leaf stage), application of  vinegar at ratio of 1:10 (m/v) (infestation at 3-4- and 5-6-leaf stage application of  auxin at concentration of 0.1% (infestation at 3-4- and 5-6-leaf stage) and dodder-free treatment. Results indicated that dodder biomass, seed number and seed weight per box and tomato fruit yield were affected by dodder management treatments. Application of Bermuda grass water extract at 3-4-leaf stage had the highest dodder biomass (29.3 g per box) and application of glyphosate at 100 and 150 g ai.ha-1 had the lowest dodder biomass (7.9 and 10.1 g per box, respectively). The greatest dodder seed number per plant were observed in vinegar, Bermuda grass water extract and  auxin application treatments and the glyphosate application treatments had the lower dodder seed number per box. The highest tomato fruit yield (110.8 g.plant-1) was obtained in auxin application at 5-6-leaf stage that was not significantly different with vinegar and glyphosate at 100 g ai.ha-1 applications in this stage. Generally application of auxin and vinegar could be recommended to the growers as alternative of glyphosate for dodder management in organic production of tomato.