جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ایران » در نشریات گروه « باغبانی »

Since establishment of the Herbarium Ministerii Iranici Agriculturae ("IRAN") in 1945, during field excursions to different regions of Iran, while sampling flowering plants along with some minor collections of mosses, after establishment of the herbarium of mosses in 1997, in order to expanding the said herbarium, regular samplings were started by the author in the form of research projects. While trying to identify the moss samples, taking into consideration of extensive molecular researches and phylogenetic analyses which are being carried out worlwidely, the scientific names of this group of plants, resembling other plants, are always subject to change at different taxonomic levels, hence it becomes necessary to update this information every now and then. Based on this, by reviewing all the moss samples in the above-mentioned herbarium using reliable sources, more than 240 species were identified, of which the names of 39 taxa were updated. The aim of this paper is, therefore, to present the first list of mosses of the “IRAN” herbarium including 248 species, 92 genera belonging to 37 families under 12 orders and four classes.

Abbas Abad travertine stone is one of the widely used travertine stones in Iran. The mines of this stone are located in Mahallat (Markazi province). By visitings various building stone sites of Shiraz (Fars province) in 2021, loose and rotten stones with black streaks were observed from which rocks were cracked (Fig. 1). Among the isolated fungi, one isolate was identified as Ascotricha chartarum Berk. based on morphological features and sequences data. Colonies slow-growing, having a diameter of 10 and 8 mm in seven days on PDA and MEA (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), respectively; first dull white, then becoming black with an orange edge. Perithecia dark brown to black, globose or subglobose, 95–210 × 70–100 μm, ostiolate, with distinct, short cylindrical neck, 5–6.5 µm diam. Ascomatal hairs erect, rigid, dichotomously branched, geniculate, dark brown to black, septate, 3.9–5.5 µm at the base, with thin-walled vesicles at geniculate nodes. Asci cylindrical, thin-walled, evanescent, 8-spored, and 65–70 × 8–11 μm; Ascospores uniseriate, dark olive-brown to black when mature, ellipsoidal, smooth, discoid with a distinct equatorial slit, 6.5–9.2 × 6–8.2. Conidiophores in asexual morph (Dicyma ampullifera Boul.) straight, stiff, smooth or slightly roughened, simple or dichotomously branched, septate, brown to black below, becoming pale brown or hyaline above, up to 2 mm long, 3.5–5.5 μm diam., with pale, thin-walled vesicles at the bends, resembling the ascomatal hairs. Conidiogenous cells lateral and terminal, cylindrical, sympodial, developing conidia on denticles. Conidia lightly rough, irregularly globose to ellipsoidal, hyaline when young, becoming light brown at maturity, 4.7–6.4 × 2.2–3.8 μm. The sequence generated in this study was deposited in GenBank under accession No.: MW916314. BLAST analysis revealed a high nucleotide identity (99%) with the ITS region of A. chartarum (LS450963 and KF893284) which was recently reported from Kuwait and China, respectively. Ascotricha chartarum is new to the Iranian mycobiota, and is reported for the first time from building stones in the world.

During a field expedition to the northern part of Iran, the author observed an alien species in Lakan area, near Rasht in Gilan Province. The plant specimens were collected and studied with the relevant flora and other references, as a result, the species was identified as Verbena brasiliensis, which is new to the flora of Iran. Morphologic, geographic distribution and habitat features of the species are presented in this paper. The taxon is also compared with two other native and non-native relative species. V. brasiliensis originates from South America and at this time, is naturalized in many other parts of the world. It is considered as an increasing environmental weed in several parts of Europe and North America. The plant is only reported in the study area with a limited extent. As the weed is at its early stages of invasion, physical elimination is recommended as an important prevent measure.

Wild and cultivated medicinal plants are facing the spread of some plant mites’ activity under greenhouse conditions in Iran. The study of mite fauna of medicinal plants in different regions of the country showed that out of 135 plant species collected, 78 species from 35 families were hosts of harmful and predatory mites. More than 41 harmful and beneficial plant mite species from 12 families were identified. The plant family Asteraceae with nine plant species had the highest range of plant mite activity. The highest plant host diversity was recorded for Tetranychus urticae and Tydeidae mites with 53 and 16 plant species, respectively. Most of the nutritional symptoms and damages of mites from reduction to the cessation of plant growth caused by T. urticae on Malva sylvestris, Alcea sp. Glycyrrhiza glabra and Solanum transcaucasicum outdoors and on Portulaca oleracea, Mentha sp. and Fragaria sp. under greenhouse conditions. Symptoms of damages of Brevipalpus obovatus (in tea gardens), B. lewisi (on shell of guava fruits), Aculus semenovi (on Sophora alopecuroides), Trisetacus juniperinus (on Cupressus sempervirens), and Aceria sp. (on Lactuca serriola) were considered important. None of the collected predatory mites were effective in controlling T. urticae mites.

The genus Laurencia(Rhodomelaceae), a complex group, has 285 species and infraspecific names. Identification and taxonomy of these taxa, mainly has been based on flexible morphological characters which have led to a complicated taxonomy in this group. Nowadays, taxonomical study of this group has changed a lot by using reproductive characters, anatomical differences and modern molecular studies. In this study, the samples have been collected from some areas of the Persian Gulf coasts and islands of Hormozgan province (southern Iran). Afterward, their anatomical, reproductive and chemical properties have been examined. The outcomes revealed that, the Folin-Ciocalteau method can be utilized as a taxonomical character in ultimate identification and the confirmation among species and varieties of this genus. It became clear that, there is a meaningful difference between two samples which were under study due to measuring the amount of polyphenols and finally, L. obtusa var. mollissima was separated from type variety of L. obtusa.

Noticeable variation was observed in a number of morphological characters in the Glycyrrhiza specimens in various habitats in north of Iran. To study these variations, two taxa related to the Hyrcanian region from all four known taxa of this genus in Iran, including Glycyrrhiza echinata, and G. glabra var. glabra were studied by numerical taxonomy using morphological characters in three provinces, Golestan, Mazandaran, and Gilan. A total of 15 populations were studied in terms of 60 quantitative and qualitative characters of vegetative and reproductive organs, and the obtained data were analyzed by SPSS software after encoding. Based on the PCA analysis, 11 components created about 98% of diversity, indicating the separation of relatively numerous characters for these taxa. Among these traits, the best one was the length of the pedicle. In the WARD cluster analysis, the populations of each taxon are located in a separate cluster and their position in each cluster is also significantly aligned with the longitude, which can be attributed to the significant influence of climate conditions, including relative humidity from west to east on the variety of peculiarities in these taxa. Based on the results of this study, taxonomic treatment of the studied taxa in Flora Iranica confirmed.

The efficient use of water resources, soil, and climate parameters as the main pillars of plant sustainable production requires land suitability evaluation for each crop and area. This research was conducted to evaluate land suitability for walnut cultivation in Iran using geographic information system (GIS). For this purpose, the climate data obtained from 375 synoptic stations of Iran, the geographical data obtained from ASTER satellite with a precision of 150 m (5 seconds) and the edaphic data obtained from a database prepared by Iran's Water Resources Management were used. In this regard, the initial maps (layers) were obtained based on the studied parameters including geographic coordinates, temperature, chilling requirement, electrical conductivity of soil and water, relative humidity, and land slope. Finally, the final mapping of suitable areas for walnut cultivation was presented as land suitability classification by combining these layers. The results showed that around 582844 km2 (35.36%) of Iran is suitable (to fairly suitable) for walnut cultivation. In the other hands, 9.13, 16.70, and 9.54% of Iran’s area are best, suitable, and fairly suitable for walnut cultivation, respectively. Also, 1065351 km2 (64.64%) of Iran is not recommended for walnut cultivation. Based on the obtained maps, the suitable areas for walnut cultivation in Iran are northern strip and northwestern and western provinces of Iran. Also, parts of Kerman, Fars, Isfahan, and Yazd provinces are considered as suitable areas for walnut cultivation.

Onosma L. as a rich taxa in Boraginaceae including about 150–180 species, centered mainly in Irano-Turanian region. The genus faced with several systematic complexities lead to many identification problems as well as morphological polymorphism. Several authors have used setae characteristics in Onosma as the most important diagnostic evidence in delimitation and classification of species in addition to the natural group. Besides palynological and karyological studies, molecular evidences have also confirmed recent classifications. This genus has been classified as a sister to Maharanga A.DC as a central Asiatic taxon of Boraginaceae. Several ambiguities in identification and differentiation of species created a wide range of complexities among and also between the species. Onosma elwendicum Wettst., O. bulbotricum DC., O. rostellatum Lehm., and O. dichroanthum Boiss. are some examples facing with these problems. Also, Onosma olivieri H. Riedl., and O. lanceolatum Boiss. & Hausskn. as closest taxa in Flora Iranica, eventually are geographical ecotypes and can be synonym taxa. Besides this, some taxa following O. sharifii H. Riedl., O. paboti H. Riedl., and O. caeurelescens Boiss. do not have detectable type specimens with no specimens obtained from type localities. Therefore, every comment on taxonomy as well as systematic study of the genus, need to a perfect assessment of diverse ecotypes and geographical populations together with a detailed field works with emphasis on ecology and phytogeography of their habits.

Pythium is a fungus-like genus with worldwide distribution that is found in most terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. It is a species-rich genus contains important plant pathogenic species. Little is known on the systematics of Pythium in West Azarbaijan province (N.W. Iran). Thus, the aim of this study was to identify 200 isolates collected from different cultivated soils of West Azarbaijan province during 2012–13. Based on morphological and molecular (ITS and coxI sequences) data, 14 Pythium species from six clades, A, D, E, F, I and J, were identified. Of these, P. ornamentatum from clade D, P. nodosum from clade J and P. stipitatum from clade E are new records for Iran mycobiota. Molecular data failed to separate P. glomeratum, P. ornamentatum and P. viniferum from closely related species and they were identified based on morphological features. Detailed description is presented here for P. minus, P. ornamentatum, P. nodosum and P. stipitatum.

Iran is the largest producer of saffron (Crocus sativus) in the world. More than 80% of higher plant species have a mutual relationship with mycorrhizal fungi, which enhances the plant growth and its productivity. With identification of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their application, it could be possible to expand saffron cultivated area and increase the performance of arable lands. In the present study, native AMF species associated with saffron roots in Khorasan Razavi and Southern Khorasan provinces (north east of Iran), and nine species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, viz., Claroideoglomus claroideum, C. etunicatum, Corymbiglomus tortuosum, Funneliformis caledonius, F. geosporum, F. mosseae,Paraglomus albidum, Rhizophagus aggregatus and R. manihotis were identified which are all newly recorded for saffron mycoflora of Iran. Rhizophagus manihotis and F. mosseae were the most frequent species in all soil samples. Although, the maximum plants and fungal growth and root colonization usually take place in spring, but in case of saffron, results showed that, this happened in autumn which indicates, the fungus has adapted itself to host plant life cycle. On the other hand, correlation coefficient between spore population and root colonization was very low for Torbat specimens, which could be related to other factors e.g. environmental and geographical conditions.

Many factors, particularly the planted cultivar for oil production and climatic conditions, can affect olive oil quality. This research was conducted with 12 olive cultivars in olive research stations with different climatic conditions (Taroum, Roodbar, Gorgan, Kazeron and Sarpolezehab). Fruits with 4-4.5 ripening indices were harvested in each region. Fatty acids composition data were analyzed in a factorial experiment based on complete randomized block design. Results indicated that palmitic acid was significantly higher in warm climates, Kazeron and Sarpolezehab. The cultivar and climate conditins had significant effects on oleic acid content and this fatty acid was higher in Taroum, Roodbar, and Gorgan regions compared with Kazeron and Sarpolezehab. Cv. Amphissis had high Oleic acid content in all conditions. Mean linoleic acid content was observed in warm condition of Sarpolezehab which was higher than mean value in Gorgan, The result indicated that Kronaiki oil exhibited the best fatty acid composition in Taroum, Roodbar and Gorgan regions and Amphissis was the only cultivar suitable for warm climate. 'Shengeh' produced the lowest oil quality with regard to fatty acid composition especially in warm region.

Dog-rose fruit has valuable secondary metabolites such as carotenoids. This research was aimed to determine the carotenoids and lycopene content of dog-rose (Rosa canina L.) fruit in different habitats and awareness of the diversity of these compounds. For this purpose, the fruits were collected from 60 regions of the country during 2010-2012. Carotenoids and lycopene content were measured by spectrophotometer at wavelengths of 450 and 503 nm. Total carotenoids varied from 0.195 to 1.097 ma/g Fw. The highest and lowest total carotenoids were obtained from IR34 and IR9 accessions, respectively. Lycopene ranged between 0.029-0.32 mg/g FW and the highest and lowest lycopene was obtained from IR45 and IR9 accessions, respectively. Carotenoids and lycopene content showed significant differences in the studied regions (p < 0.05). According to the results of correlation, a significant positive correlation was found between total carotenoids and lycopene (r=0.726). In our study, the studied accessions were classified into three different clusters (C1-C3). Results from this study could be used in the future breeding program of dog-rose.

One hundred isolates of Fusarium solani species complex were isolated and identified from 58 agricultural soil samples collected from different geographical regions in Kermanshah, Hamadan and Kurdistan provinces of Iran. Based on morphological characteristics, Fusarium falciforme, F. petroliphilum, F. keratoplasticum and F. pseudensiforme, are reported for the first time from Iran.

In the framework of the project "collection and Identification of fungi in Iran" mycobiota of Kiasar National Park located in Mazandaran province (Northern Iran) was studied. During the first phase of this research, micromycetes of trees and shrubs from Kiasar National Park were collected and identified. In the current paper, 25 species of micromycetes of this region are reported. Among identified taxa, Erysiphe lonicerae var. ehrenbergii on Lonicera floribunda, Melasmia berberidis on Berberis sp., Cystodendron dryophilum on Quercus sp. and Monodictys fluctuata on Pyrus boissieriana, are newly reported from Iran. Moreover, Didymosporina aceris on Acer sp. and Septoria berberidis on Breberis sp. are reported in Iran for the second time and after several decades from first report. Concerning Septoria berberidis, its Asteromella state was also seen on infected leaves besides the septoria state.

In this research, 10 species of Agaricales including, Agrocybe dura, A. ochracea, A. vervacti, Conocybe dunensis, C. lacteal, Entoloma griseorubellum, Pholiota highlandensis, Psilocybe atrobrunnea, Stropharia coronilla and S. magnivelaris belonging to Bolbitiaceae, Entolomataceae and Strophariaceae families are identified from Kermanshah and Harsin region in Kermanshah province (W Iran). From identified species, A. ochracea, C. dunensis, E. griseorubellum, Ps. atrobrunnea, S. coronilla and S. magnivelaris are new for Iranian mycobiota. More information on the studied specimens are as follows:Agrocybe dura (Bolton) Singer (Figs 1 A-D)Kermanshah province: Mahidasht, on soil, 1530 m, 28.04.2010, H. Fadavi (IRAN 14813 F); Kermanshah, Sarfiroozabad, on soil, 1548 m, 04.05.2010,H. Fadavi, (IRAN 14814 F); Kermanshah, Sefidkooh, on soil, 1545 m, 25.04.2010, S. Fadavi (IRAN 14815 F); Kermanshah, Sarabghanbar, on soil, 1490 m,14.05.2010, S. Fadavi (IRAN 14816 F).Agrocybe ochracea Nauta, Persoonia 18(3): 429 (2004). (Figs 2 A-D)Kermanshah province: Sarabghanbar, on wood, 1535 m, 05.04.2010, S. Fadavi (IRAN 14817 F).Agrocybe vervacti (Fr.) Singer. (Figs 3 A-B)Kermanshah province: Sarabghanbar, on soil, 1506 m, 14.01.2010, S. Fadavi (IRAN 14818 F).Conocybe dunensis T.J. Wallace, Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 43(2): 192 (1960). (Figs 4 A-D)Kermanshah province: Sefidkooh, on soil, 1455 m, 16.05.2010, S. Fadavi (IRAN 14819 F).Conocybe lactea (J.E. Lange) Métrod. (Figs 5 A-B)Kermanshah province: Kermanshah, on soil, 1400 m, 03.05.2010, S. Fadavi (IRAN 14820 F).Entoloma griseorubellum (Lasch) Kalamees & Urbonas, in Urbonas, Kalamees & Lukin, Conspectus florum agaricalium fungorum (Agaricales s.l.)Lithuaniae, Latviae et Estoniae (materies 1778-1984 annorum) (Vilnius): 39 (1986). (Figs 6 A-B)Kermanshah province: Harsin, Bisetoon, Chehr village, on soil, 07.04.2010, Z. Chehri (IRAN 14840 F).Pholiota highlandensis (Peck.) Smith & Hesler. (Figs 7 A-D)Kermanshah province: Taghebostan, on cinder, 1353 m, 09.01.2010, S. Fadavi (IRAN 14862 F).Psilocybe atrobrunnea (Lasch) Gillet, Hyménomycètes (Alençon): 586 (1878). (Figs 8 A-D)Kermanshah province: Sarabghanbar, on soil, 1535 m, 05.04.2010, S. Fadavi (IRAN 14860 F).Stropharia coronilla (Bull.) Quél., Mém. Soc. Émul. Montbéliard, Sér. 2 5: 110 (1872)). (Figs 9 A-D)Kermanshah province: Taghebostan, on soil, 1553 m, 27.09.2010, S. Fadavi (IRAN 14866 F); Kermanshah, Sarabghanbar, on soil, 1535 m, 13.03.2010,S. Fadavi (IRAN 14867 F); Kermanshah, Mahidasht, on soil, 1530 m, 09.04.2010, H. Fadavi (IRAN 14868 F); Kermanshah, Sanandaj Road, on soil,03.05.2010, H. Fadavi (IRAN 14869 F); Kermanshah province: Sefidkooh, on soil, 1540 m, 05.05.2010, S. Fadavi (IRAN 14870 F); Kermanshah,Sarfiroozabad, on soil, 1547 m, 03.05.2010, H. Fadavi (IRAN 14871 F).Stropharia magnivelaris Peck. Harriman Alaska Expedition 5: 44 (1904). (Figs 10 A-D)Kermanshah province: Kermanshah, Sefidkooh, on soil, 1455 m, 15.04.2010, S. Fadavi (IRAN 14872 F).