جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « محیط کشت » در نشریات گروه « باغبانی »

Miniature roses are hybrid roses that are widely used in landscape or as pot plants and cut flowers. Traditional methods of propagation for this species is associated with time limitation and rootstock propagule, and micropropagation techniques are increasing. Root induction of roses cuttings through different plant growth regulators is important. In this study, the effects of different concentrations of Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA), putrescine and wounding the end of cuttings on rooting of Rosa hybrida cv. SanaZard under in vitro and greenhouse conditions was investigated. Micro-cuttings were planted in MS basal culture medium containing five concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg L-1) of IBA and putrescine. In the greenhouse, the cuttings were treated with five levels of IBA, putrescine (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 g L-1), and two levels of wounding (with and without wounding) and planted in pots after application of treatments. This study was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replicates. The results of greenhouse experiments showed that the maximum length and number of roots were obtained under the treatment of 1 g L-1of IBA (31.5 cm and 6.50, respectively). Wounding the end of the cutting increased the number of roots by 33.33%. In in vitro condition, the highest number of roots was observed in 1 mg L-1 IBA + 2 mg L-1putrescine (6) treatment and the highest number of shoots were obtained with the simultaneous application of 0.25, 0.5 and 2 g L-1 of IBA + all levels of putrescine. In general, it seems that the combined use of IBA and putrescine could increase the rooting of miniature rose cuttings in in vitro and in situ conditions. Also, wounding the ends of cuttings plays an important role on inducing the roots under greenhouse environment.

Optimization of the culture medium of hairy roots in terms of the composition and type of ingredients in the medium is essential for proper growth and optimal biomass production. The greatest advantage of culturing Hairy roots is that they are often capable of producing secondary metabolites compared to the mother plant. In this research, transgenic hairy root induction was established through the mediation of the A7 strain of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Molecular confirmation of hairy roots was done by PCR using rolB gene-specific primers. With response surface methodology (RSM) coding, the effect of three types of basal liquid MS media (MS, ½ MS and ¼ MS) with different sucrose concentrations (15, 30, and 45 g / L) and three pH levels (5.5, 5.8 and 6.1) on the growth of hairy root was investigated. The fresh and dry weight of hairy roots was measured after 4 weeks. The obtained results of response surface methods showed that the highest dry weight of hairy roots in the culture medium with a concentration of 0.56 of MS (≅ 1/2MS), 30 g of sucrose, and pH of 5.8. In optimum conditions, the utility value was 0.990, and the fresh and dry weight of hairy roots, was 8.58g and 0.317g, respectively. According to GC/MS results, the amount of atropine alkaloid in hairy roots grown in optimum culture medium was about 6.88%.

Sorbus persica Hedl. is an Iranian endemic slow-growing tree (fam. rosaceae) and is endangered. It is important in terms of the gene storage, environmental protection, and medicinal uses. To in vitro propagate this species by the lateral bud culture, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in three levels of culture medium and three levels of cytokinin with three replications. For shooting, the DKW, WPM, and MS culture media containing the cytokinins BAP, Kin, and 2ip, and for rooting, the complete and modified DKW, WPM, and MS culture media containing the auxins NAA and IBA separately and in a consecutive application were investigated. The results showed that the best sterilization treatment was a consecutive application of sodium hypochlorite 20% (v/v, 15 min) and mercuric chloride 0.1% (3 min) in summer. The best proliferation and longitudinal growth of shoots was observed in the MS medium containing IBA (0.01 mg l-1), Kin (0.25 mg l-1), and BAP (3 mg l-1) growth regulators. Also, the best rooting was obtained in the DKW medium with a quarter of the concentration of macroelements containing the NAA+IBA hormones (0.3+0.3 mg l-1).

In the present study, hairy root induction from leaf and stem explants in two Hyssopus species (H. officinalis and H. angustifilius) was assessed using four Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains including A4, ATCC15834, LB9404 and 2656 on three culture media (MS, ½ MS, B5) as a factorial experimental based on a completely randomized design with three replicates. Almost all leaf and stem explants produced hairy roots. A fragment of transferred rol B was amplified through PCR from the genomic DNA extracted from transformed roots. Different A. rhizogenes strains and culture media and Hyssopus species had significant effects on hairy root percentage and root length. The highest rooting percentage (%71) and root length (4.7 cm) were resulted from stem explants of H. angustifolius co-cultivated with the strain ATCC15834 on MS culture medium. While, the leaf explantsof H. officinalis co-cultivated with the strain A4 on MS culture medium showed the rooting percentage of 55% and the root length of 1.6 cm at most. The MS medium was the best culture medium for both species. These results can be useful in genetic manipulation of hyssop and its hairy root culture to produce high-value secondary metabolites.

CAB-6P is used as a semi dwarf rootstock for sweet and sour cherries. The purpose of this study was to determine the best media culture and plant growth regulators on micropropagation of CAB-6P rootstock. Shoot-tips were cultured on three culture media (MS, DKW and WPM) containing different concentrations of BAP (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L) in combination with Kin (0 and 0.5 mg/L) for proliferation. Multiplied shoots were rooted on MS or WPM media supplemented with IBA (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L). Results showed that the most suitable multiplication medium was WPM+0.5 mg/L BA with 8.1 shoots per explant. The highest rooting percentage (69%) was obtained with MS+2 mg/L IBA. Well rooted plantlets were transferred to peat moss:cocopeate:perlite (2:2:1 v/v) substrate and successfully hardened (88%).

Birch (Betula pendula Roth.) is one of the most important species exposed to extinction due to the limited natural habitat and lack of regeneration. Plant tissue culture technique is an appropriate solution for asexual reproduction of this species and to protect it in controlled conditions. In this research, callogenesis of B. pendula was investigated using five types of explants (leave, stem, nodal, petiole and bark) in WPM and NT media enriched with two hormonal combinations including A) 1mg/l BAP, 0.1 mg/l 2,4-D and B) 0.1 mg/l BAP, 0.01mg/l TDZ). The results indicated that the minimum callogenesis was observed in nodal and petiole explants in NT medium enriched with A hormonal combination. Callogenesis, fresh and dry weight of bark, stem and leave explants were significantly decreased in WPM and NT media containing B hormonal combination as compared with A hormonal combination. The maximum callogenesis was observed in bark explant in WPM (81.14) and NT (70.36) media with A hormonal combination as compared with other explants. The average fresh and dry weight of this explant in NT medium was more than that of WPM medium with the same hormonal combination.

Broccoli is one of the valuable vegetables among brassicas which has received great attention throughout the world and is cultivated both in soil and soilless culture. Currently, we face restriction in high quality of the soils and water resources as two essential inputs in agriculture. Like other parts of the world, Iran is losing hundred hectares of its arable and fertile land annually due to salinity, alkalinity and waterlogging. One of the important strategies to overcome these adverse conditions is soilless culture systems. Among the different methods of soilless culture, substrate culture is more common and cheaper than others. Different kinds of organic and inorganic substances are used in soilless culture system, but the optimum mixture of growing medium is still a challenging issue. Physical and chemical characteristics of growing media can potentially affect the yield and product quality in direct and indirect ways. A good medium for soilless culture should have easy drainage, appropriate aeration, high water holding capacity and low price, as well as no weed seeds and pathogens. Therefore, this research was aimed to evaluate different prevalent growing media in broccoli soilless culture system.
This experiment was conducted as an outdoor soilless culture system in outdoor hydroponic site in Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Recourses University (SANRU). To begin with, broccoli seeds were sown in transplanting tray, and after five weeks, the developed transplants were cultivated in growing bags in a soilless system. In this work, different mixtures of culture media were evaluated for yield component and mineral elements of broccoli. Ten kinds of different media comprising of cocopeat, perlite, sand, sawdust, sand놬ᶺ, sand뷪쨦ꚋ, cocopeatꗪ, cocopeatⱀ, cocopeat pumice, and cocopeatꗪힾ vermicompost were compared in completely randomized design with tree replications. At the end of the growing season, vegetative growth and yield components of broccoli were measured. The macro nutrients including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (k), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca) and sulfur (S) were then analyzed in the harvested broccoli. Four important micro elements such as Iron (Fe), cooper (Cu), boron (B) and zinc (Zn) were measured as well. A statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance in Statistical Analysis System (SAS) software (version 9.1) and means were compared using Duncan’s multiple range test at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels.
According to the results, culture medium showed no significant effect on plant height, dry matter and the number of auxiliary heads, while it significantly affected diameter and weight of main head (p≤0.01). The highest head diameter was seen in sand뷪쨦ꚋ mixture which had no significant difference from cocopeat, cocopeatⱀ, and prlite犇⢥﫷ꚉ쨦ꚋ. The mixture of sand뷪쨦ꚋ resulted in the heaviest broccoli heads that were significantly greater than all other growing media used in the experiment. Since vermicompost contains some mineral elements like calcium, magnesium and phosphorus and some growth stimulators as well, mixing this substrate with sand can create an appropriate and ideal culture for root growth and development. Pure perlite and sawdust media contributed to the lowest yield with no significant differences from each other. The macro and micro nutrients of broccoli head were not significantly affected by growing medium, except for nitrogen and zinc. The highest concentration of nitrogen in broccoli head was recorded for pure perlite and sawdust which was significantly more than other media. The highest zinc concentration in broccoli head was observed in Sawdust medium (p≤0.05). A significant negative correlation was observed between plant height and three main macro nutrients (N, P and K). The negative correlation between some macro nutrients and plant growth can be related to the excessive amount of these elements in nutrient solution. Positive and significant correlation was also seen among plant height, head diameter and head weight. In other word, the tallest plants could produce bigger and heavier head.
Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that a mixture of organic and inorganic substances can be better than a single substance medium. On the other hand, our results showed that role of medium substances and composition is not as important as nutrient solution, so an appropriate nutrient solution with a proper rate can potentially provide all plant's needs regardless of media composition.

Jujube tree is one of the most important medicinal plants. The propagation of this plant is low using seed and sucker, therefore, by applying the micropropgation technique, the amount of propagation can be considerably increased. In order to study the effect of culture media and growth regulators on proliferation and rooting of jujube cultivar Tian-yuzao, this experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with four replications. For proliferation, MS and WPM culture media supplemented with 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg.l-1 BA (benzyladenine), and for rooting, the mentioned culture media containing 0, 1, 5 and 10 mg.l-1 IBA (indole-butyric acid) were used. Based on the results of analysis of variance, there was no significant difference between MS and WPM for proliferation and rooting traits. The results of the mean comparison showed that the highest percentage of proliferation (73-76%) and number of shoots (3.1-3) were obtained in medium containing 1 and 2 mg.l-1 BA, but the maximum shoot length (74 mm), fresh weight (296 mg) and dry weight (44 mg) were observed in media supplemented with 1 mg.l-1. Rooting percentage, number of root and root length of all media containing IBA were not significantly different but showed significant increase compared to control. Adaptation results showed that over 87% of plantlets survived in the bed of clay: peat: vermiculite: perlite (1:1:1:1).

In the current work the salinity stress tolerance of shootlets of two pear cultivars Harrow Sweet and Bartlett was studied and compared under in vitro culture condition. Salinity stress was imposed into the QL medium using different concentration of NaCl (0 as control, 80 and 120 mM) for six weeks. Shoot length, fresh and dry weight as well as leaf numbers of the shootlets were negatively affected by salinity stress. However, these effects were more pronounced in shootlets of Bartlett than Harrow Sweet. The highest salinity injury index (SII) was observed at 120 mM NaCl in the value of 1.41 and 1.72 units in cultivars Harrow Sweet and Bartlett, respectively. The activities of both tested antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes were increased by salinity treatments. These activities at 120 mM NaCl were higher in Harrow Sweet than other ones. In terms of maintaining high proline and Kﳖ contents in the leaf tissue, Harrow Sweet showed more favorable situation in comparison with Bartlett cv. Differential tolerance to the salinity stress, with the high amount in 'Harrow Sweet', was displayed in two pear cultivars based on the majority of evaluated criteria.

In this research, the isolated microspore culture system in 15 rose cultivars was tested. In the first experiment, the effect of rose cultivars on microspore viability and multicellular formation was examined. Results showed that the most multicellular structures obtained in ‘Apollo’, ‘Amarosa’, ‘Majic’, ‘Candy’, ‘Exotic’ and ‘Velvet’ varieties. In the second experiment, the effect of various induction media i. e. TMG and AT3 with different carbohydrate sources (maltose, glucose and sucrose) with or without lactalbumin hydrolysate on microspore embryogenesis was tested. The highest percent of microspore viability and multicellular formed in AT3 medium contained glucose and lactalbumin hydrolysate. In the third experiment, the effect of temperature stresses (25 °C, 4 °C for 14 days and 30 °C for 7 days) on microspore viability and multicellular formation was tested. The most microspore viability obtained at 25 °C treatment, but the highest microspore multicellular formed in stress treatments. In the fourth experiment, the effect of sugar starvation on microspore embryogenesis was assessed. Starvation treatment in ‘Amarosa’ for 3 days at 4 °C caused to microspore embryogenesis. This is the first report of microspore embryogenesis in rose, however, embryos could not regenerate.

Roots are the site for biosynthesis or accumulation of major plant secondary metabolites. In recent decades, many researchers have focused on the biosynthesis of valuable secondary metabolites in hairy roots. This study was conducted to optimize the induction andthe culture conditions of adventitious and hairy roots of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) using auxins IAA, IBA and NAA. This study was performed in two steps. In the first step, the leaf explant was cultured on MS solid medium for rootinduction with different concentrations of IAA and NAA (0, 0.3, 0.6 and 1 mg 1-1). The highest rootinduction (100 %) and the highest mean number of roots were obtained at concentration of 1 mg 1-1 NAA. In the second step, the adventitious and hairy rootsobtained from leaf explants were cultured in MS liquid medium with different concentrations of IAA, IBA and NAA (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg 1-1). According to the results, the highest fresh and dry weight was obtained in MS liquid medium containing 0.3 mg 1-1 NAA and 1.5 mg 1-1 IBA and hairy roots were only established in treatments containing NAA hormone.

Among pome fruit trees, quince is the most susceptible tree to fire blight. Following selection of several promising quince cultivars, this research aimed at optimization of in vitro propagation protocol of the selected materials. Therefore, several experiments were carried out for determination of the best culture medium and plant growth regulators for establishment, proliferation and root induction of these cultivars. At first, proliferation and growth of KVD4, NB2 and PH2 genotypes were compared with Quince C and cv. Isfahan (KVD3) as control, in three culture media based on MS, QL and modified QL, in which mQL was observed to have the highest growth, and the best proliferation and shootlets quality. Then, mQL as the base culture medium was used to study effects of 2ip and BAP in two 0.5 and 1 mg/L concentrations. Based on the results, the culture medium containing 2ip (0.5 mg/L) and BAP (1 mg/L) showed the highest number and quality of shootlets. Finally, having examined root induction of the shoots in two long term treatments with IBA, 0.1 mg/L alone, and simultaneously with IBA and BAP (both 1 mg/L), and in short term treatment with IBA at 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/L concentrations, showed that the short term treatment gave better root induction. Also, the highest percentage of roots, leaf development, length and quality of roots resulted in short term treatment with 2 mg/L IBA.

Since conventional propagation methods of Amaryllis are relatively slow and they are not cost effective, therefore the micropropagation of this desirable plant was studied in the current research. Two separate experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, the effect of two media (MS and NL) and different concentrations of 2, 4-D (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg.L-1) were compared. In the second experiment, the effect of media (MS and NL) and different concentrations of BAP (0, 1, 2 mg.L-1) were investigated. Five different explant types (twin scale, single scale with basal plate, single scale without basal plate, scape and basal plate) were used and the rate of bulblet regeneration, the number of regenerated bulblet and diameter of regenerated bulblet were recorrded. Results showed that by increasing the concentration of 2, 4-D, bulblet production was reduced and in some cases it led to the death of explants. However in the second experiment all of explants produced bulblet in the presence of BAP and as the concentrqation of BAP was increased the size of bulblets were also increased. In conclusion, the highest rate of bulblet production were observed in the NL media containing BAP whereas, the highest number of bulblets (4.25) were observed in the NL medium containing 1.0 mg.L-1 of 2,4-D. The largest diameter of bulblets were produced in the first experiment from twin scale and single scale explants in MS medium containing 0.5 mg.L-1 of 2, 4-D. In conclusion, the bulb explants could be used to achieve an optimal micropropagation protocol of Hippeastrum.

Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) belongs to Asteraceae family is commonly known as witloof chicory. The leaves and the roots of this medicinal plant are edible and commonly used as salad. Some varieties are also cultivated as coffee substitute after roasting the roots. All parts of the plant contain these volatile oils, with the majority of the toxic components concentrated in the plant's root. In folk medicine, the plant is used for the treatment of diarrhea, spleen enlargement, fever, and vomiting. Antihepatotoxic activity on damaged rat’s liver sections and anti-bacterial activity of this crop has been recently reported. In vitro regeneration from leaf explants with various hormonal combinations has been reported previously. Moreover, in vitro regeneration of Chicory from cotyledon explants using different combinations of plant growth regulators has been studied. Also, a protocol for the regeneration of plantlets from leaf and petiole explants of witloof chicory has been developed. The aim of the present investigation was optimization of callus induction and shoot regeneration from leaf and petiole tissues of Chicory (Esfahan genotype).
In this investigation, Esfahan genotype was used for callus induction and direct shoot regeneration. Seeds were first washed with running tap water for 30 min then seeds were surface sterilized by dipping in 70% ethanol for 90 s and rinsed with sterile distilled water, followed by immersing in 5% sodium hypochlorite solution for 25 min and thereafter rinsed for 30 min with sterile distilled water. The basal medium used in this investigation was MS. For shoot regeneration, leaf and petiole explants (5 mm segments) were excised from 4-week-old sterile seedlings and cultured on MS medium containing different combinations of NAA / BA and KIN / BA in two separate experiments. Experiments were performed factorial based on completely randomized design. Cultures were incubated at 25° C ± 2 with a 16/8 hour (day/night) photoperiod and an irradiance of 1500 LUX using Sylvania cool white fluorescent tubes. The percentage of callus induction, shoot regeneration and the number of regenerated shoots were calculated for the leaf and petiole explants. Data was subjected for analysis of variance and means were compared in 5% level with Duncan’s multiple range tests.
Explants cultured on medium containing either no plant growth regulators (control) or cytokines alone produced no callus. However, after 2 weeks, other concentrations of NAA and BA indicated callus formation from leaf and petiole explants in all hormone combinations. In leaf explants, the highest callus induction were obtained in the medium containing 0.3 mg l-1 NAA with 1 mg l-1 KIN and 0.3 mg l-1 NAA with 1.5 mg l-1 KIN (81.25%). Leaf and petiole explants cultured on medium containing no plant growth regulators (control treatment) and medium containing NAA produced no shoots. The combination of 0.3 mg l-1 NAA and 0.1 mg l-1 BA was the best treatment tested. This treatment produced 2.7 shoots per explant at 71% shoot regeneration frequency in leaf explant and 2.73 shoots per explant at 73% shoot regeneration frequency in petiole explants. The results also showed that the highest percentage of regeneration and the highest number of regenerated shoots were obtained in the medium containing 0.1 mg l-1 NAA and 1 mg l-1 KIN in leaf explants (65.6% regeneration and 1.37 shoots per explant, respectively). The highest number of regenerated shoots was obtained in the medium containing 0.3 mg l-1 NAA and 0.5 mg l-1 KIN in petiole explants (40.6% regeneration and 0.5 shoot per explants, respectively. Shoot regeneration requires plant cells to undergo dedifferentiation which is known to be affected by not only exogenous plant growth regulators but also endogenous content of the hormones. Different tissues may have different levels of endogenous hormones and, therefore, the type of explant source would have a critical impact on the regeneration success. In our study, when leaf and petiole explants were compared, it was clear that leaf explants were much more productive for regeneration than petiole explants.
Callus induction and shoot regeneration are in vitro tissue culture methods. Plant growth regulators and types of explant are the most important factors for callus induction and shoot regeneration phases. Therefore, optimization of these factors is essential to establish a high frequency of callus induction, shoot regeneration and gene transfer to this plant.

Seedless grapes are widely grown all over the world. Embryo rescue technique proved to be able to overcome the problem of embryo abortion in seedless grape breeding program. Since, the efficiency of this technique is not desirable, so a lot of efforts have been done in different directions in order to improve this technique. This study was conducted in two separate experiments in which chlormequat and putrescine were employed in different experiments. Cultivars of Yaghooti, Flame Seedless and Perlette were used as both female and male parents in both experiments. Clusters sprayed with different concentrations of chlormequat and putrescine 14 days before blooming. Ovules were excised from berries 45 days after pollination and cultured in NN medium supplemented with 3.0% sucrose, 0.2% activated charcoal and 6% agar. Embryos were removed from the ovules after 10 weeks and transferred onto MS medium supplemented with 2.0% sucrose, 0.2% activated charcoal and 6.5% agar. The results showed maternal and paternal genotypes, pre-treatment with chlormequat and putrescine had positive and significant effect on endosperm and embryos development, embryos germination and plant production. The use of cv. Perlette as female parent, cv. Yaghooti as male parent and pre-treatment with chlormequat and putrescine at 100 and 30 mg/L increased the percentage of measured traits.

An experiment was conducted to study the micropropagation of Satureja khuzistanica. The seeds were planted in 1/2MS medium. After germination and growth of plantlets, they were subcultured in fresh medium. Then, they cultured into medium supplemented by different concentrations of BA and Kinetin. Results showed that, the highest proliferation (2.4 shoots) was observed at concentrations of 0.5 mg/l IBA and 3 mg/l BA while the lowest proliferation (1.12 and 1.04 shoots) was produced at concentration of 0.25 mg/l IBA, 1.5 mg/l BA and also 0.5 mg/l Kinetin. The tallest shoots (5.76 cm) were obtained at concentration of 0.5 mg/l IBA and 1.5 mg/l BA whereas the smallest ones (2.44 cm) were observed at concentration of 1 mg/l Kinetin. Lowest percentage of survived plantlets (46.6 %) were observed in the media with IBA at concentration of 0.25 mg/l and BA at concentration of 1.5 mg/l. Quarter salt strength MS basal medium induced rich rooting response (85.2%), when compared with ½ salt strength MS (46.66%) and MS (17.6%), media. The highest rooting percentage (64.30%) and number of roots (7.7 and 8. 4) were obtained at 0.25 and 0.50 mg/l IBA, respectively. Overall, media containing 0.25 mg/l IBA plus 3 mg/l BA can be recommended for micropropagation of S. khuzistanica.

In order to simulate different methods of deficit irrigation through saline tension application، on physical characteristics of Caopea been roots، a study was carried out in Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University greenhouse. The research was carried out in 2001، in completely randomized block with 5 treatments and 3 replications and under hydroponic cultivation under Hogland culture medium. The treatments were: no-tension (WS) (Ec=0. 8 mmhos/cm) DS1 and DS2 in which the whole roots were in solutions of EC=2. 3 mmhos/cm and EC=3. 6 mmhos/cm، respectively. PRS1 and PRS2 which root divided in two parts and in one part no- tension medium and in another part roots were in the solutions of EC=2. 3 mmhos/cm and EC=3. 6 mmhos/cm، respectively. 16 stage from roots were photographed for 45 days after application of treatment and parameters of diameter، length، area and root volume were measured. The results showed that salinity treatments on length of root growth and hence on growth of area and volume had significant effect. As the cultivation medium with EC=3. 6 mmhos/cm، decreased the root growth severely in both WS and PRS، this amount of EC is not recommended for Caopea been growth.

Rose is known as the queen of flowers. Rosa damask (Rosa damascena Mill.) is utilized as a main source of rose oil and rose water in Iran. Biotechnology methods are considered as a fast and efficient way to produce haploid plants and pure lines. Among the different methods, androgenesis is considered as the most effective procedure, due to its high quantity of microspores in the anthers. In the present study, the effect of medium composition was evaluated on anther culture in two ecotypes of Damask rose, and miniature rose. The results showed that the interaction between H1 medium and mid-uninucleate stage produced the highest callogenesis in Damask rose, Kashan ecotype. Furthermore, the results showed that removing ammonium nitrate and doubling potassium nitrate in the medium produced higher callogenesis. In miniature rose, the medium containing calcium chloride and calcium nitrate produced higher callogenesis. Also, the amino acids improved callogenesis in anther culture of Damask rose, and miniature rose. Moreover, glycine, glutamine and casein hydrolysate were more effective than other studied amino acids. Sucrose was a better sugar compared to sorbitol for callogenesis in the studied genotypes. The chromosome counting and flowcytometery results illustrated that the produced calli were tetraploid (28 chromosomes).