جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "گل شاخه بریده" در نشریات گروه "باغبانی"

Anthurium is commonly cultivated through soilless culture in greenhouses, owing to its specific thermal and nutritional requirements. However, the high costs associated with conventional substrates necessitate the use of available, domestic, and inexpensive alternatives. In this study, light expanded clay aggregates (LECA) and its mixture with locally available materials such as rice husk, tea waste, and charcoal were utilized as substrates. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with three replications. After four months of cultivation, various morphological traits, including plant height, flower stem length and number, flowering time, flower stem fresh weight, leaf length and number, spadix length and diameter, spathe length and diameter, as well as physical traits such as bulk and particle density, humidity, water retention capacity, and porosity, were evaluated. Additionally, biochemical properties such as pH, EC, nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, and calcium of the substrates were assessed. The results indicated that the substrate containing a mixture of tea waste and LECA yielded the maximum plant height (35.5 cm), flower stem length (22 cm), number of flower stems (3.9), and number of leaves (15). Furthermore, this substrate exhibited the most appropriate physical properties, including the highest bulk (0.81 g/cm3), particle density (1.54 g/cm3), and humidity (66%). Conversely, the mixed substrate of LECA with rice husk demonstrated the maximum values of electrical conductivity (9.2 μS/cm), nitrogen (1.1%), and potassium (0.21%). Overall, the substrate composed of a mixture of tea waste and LECA not only reduces the costs associated with soilless systems but also enhances the quality and quantity of Anthurium cut flowers in greenhouses.

Biochar is a new environmental technology that can be used to reduce the accumulation of soil contamination. To evaluate the effects of biochar of cutflower glayolon growth characteristics and the accumulation of heavy metals of lead and cadmium in lettuce, a factorial experiment as a completely randomized design with four replications was conducted and amount of glayol biochar at three levels (0, 5, 10 g/kgsoil), cadmium (0, 10, 20 mg/kg soil) and lead (0, 300, 600 mg/kg soil) were tested. The results showed that the highest amount of lettuce traits including leaf area, height, fresh and dry weight of shoot and fresh and dry weight of root were found at the rate of 5 g glayol biochar /kg soil. Increment of glayol biochar levels from 5 to 10 g/kg soil decreased all mentioned traits. Application of 5 g biochar /kg soil of at the highest concentrations of lead and cadmium decreased the concentration of lead and cadmium in the plant (shoot+root) up to 27.38 and 21.87 %. The highest rate of biochar, lead and cadmium reduced growth traits, and increased the uptake of lead and cadmium in plant tissues and their concentrations in soil. In fact, glayol biochar (5g /kg soil), because of high specific surface area, adsorbed lead and cadmium on their surfaces and cause to reduce the absorption of these two elements and improved growth characteristics in lettuce.

Postharvest handling of tropical flowers is usually difficult due to their sensitivity to cold temperatures. Anthurium(Anthurium andraeanum)is a tropical plant used in ornamental industry for its beautiful spathe and leaves. It can be produced in wide ranges of climates; in locations far away from their original habitats in greenhouses. Although, anthurium has long vase life compared to other cut flowers, postharvest exposure to cold temperatures makes some restrictions on its desirable vase life. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different light spectra on postharvest performance of anthurium cut flowers. Cut flowers of Anthurium andraeanum cultivars with red ('Calore') and white ('Angel') spathes were obtained from a commercial anthurium greenhouse on the morning. Anthurium cut flowers were harvested when 40-50% of the spadix true flowers were fully opened. Each flower was placed in closed flasks containing 500 mL water. Sixty flasks with cut flowers (30 cut flowers from each cultivar) were placed into chambers with exactly similar conditions but with different light spectra including white (W), blue (B), red (R) and 70% R+30% B (RB) provided by LED production modules and darkness. Each flower under light spectra was inspected and the vase life of the all flowers, change in spathe angel, spathe area, maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) and fluorescence decline ratio (RFD) were measured during 14 days exposure to 4 °C storage. Spathe 'angel' seven and 14 days following exposure to cold storage was dramatically increased in B light while the lowest changes were observed in R light of the both cultivars. Vase life of anthurium cut flowers were significantly (P≤0.01) influenced by the interaction between light spectra and cultivars. Among the light spectra, the longest vase life were observed in spathes exposed to R light in both cultivars. In 'Angel', exposure to B light dramatically shortened the vase life of anthurium cut flowers in comparison with the other light spectra. A positive relationship was detected between spathe area and vase life of cut flowers, while the relationship between spathe 'angel' and vase life was negative. No photosynthetic activity was detected on the spathe of anthurium, but the peduncle of anthurium showed the photosynthetic activity. The highest Fv/Fm and RFD values were detected in darkness and the lowest values for Fv/Fm and RFD were observed in R and RB-exposed spathes. No relationships was observed between the photosynthetic activities and the vase life of anthurium cut flowers. Although there are some reports confirmed the importance of plant growth under different light spectra on its postharvest quality, there is no report regarding the effects of light spectra on the quality of cut flowers in postharvest stage. Similar to anthurium, some reports indicated that there is no relationship between the photosynthesis and the quality of harvested products. Exposure of anthurium cut flowers to different light spectra resulted in alterations of morphology and quality during exposure to low temperatures. B spectrum had strong negative effects on the morphology and quality of anthurium cut flowers, while exposure to R light resulted in improvement of quality of anthurium cut flowers with less negative effects on their morphology. Spathe of anthurium had no photosynthetic activity, while its peduncle showed the photosynthetic activity. There were significant relationships between morphology and vase life of anthurium cut flowers, while no relationships were found between photosynthetic activity and their vase life. In conclusion, lighting environment during postharvest of anthurium cut flowers should be take into account for keeping their quality under low temperature conditions. Red light spectrum was introduced as the best light treatment to reduce chilling injury, increase the vase life and maintain the quality of anthurium cut flowers in both cultivars.

This experiment was conducted because of soil elimination as an important source of silicon (Si) (as a quasi-essential element) in soilless cultivation systems and also low information about Si effects on lilium cut flower. Accordingly, after transferring the Lilium longiflorum 'Casa Blanca' bulbs to pots containing coco-fiber media, plants were fed with a nutrient solution containing different silicic acid concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg/L Si). Physiological characteristics and postharvest quality of harvested flowers were evaluated based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications. Based on the results, compared with control, Si application significantly increased water uptake, flower longevity, total chlorophyll, solution uptake, relative water content and mineral uptake (K, Ca and Si) and reduced the ion leakage. Accordingly, the maximum water uptake (0.6 ml/g FW/day), vase life (11.11 days), total chlorophyll content (0.97 mg/g FW), leaf calcium (2.9 %) and silicon content (3.1 %) were observed in 150 ppm Si concentration. Based on results of the present study, addition of silicon to the lilium nutrient solution led to the improvement of plant water relations, postharvest quality indices, mineral absorption and, consequently, increasing the flower longevity of lilium 'Casa Blanca’cultivar.

This study was conducted to test the effect of essential oils of savory (Satureja hortensis), clove (Zyzigium aromaticum) at concentrations of 0, 250 or 500 mgL-1 with sucrose treatments at 0 or 2% on vase life of cut rose cv. “Velvet”.The experiment was conducted at 20±2oC, RH: 60-70% and 12µmolm-2s-1 light intensity with white fluorescent tubes under daily light period of 12h. This experiment was performed in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design comprising eighteen treatments, three replications and 3 cut flowers in each vase for measuring vase life, relative fresh weight, solution uptake, chlorophyll contents. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured in each replicate. Results showed that 500mgL-1 of essential oils caused maintaining the vase life of cut flowers better than the rest of treatments. 250mgL-1 of essential oils increased chlorophyll index and solution uptake in comparison with other concentrations. Treatment of sucrose 2% could cause significantly more vase life, chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll index compared to 0% sucrose treatment. Savory and clove essential oils at 500 and 250 mgL-1 concentrations caused a significantly higher relative fresh weight and a reduction in stomatal conductance.

Despite the high economic value of cut flowers, they are capable of high corruptibility and usually have very short vase life. Therefore attempt to enhance the vase life of them by regulating the senescence by genetic manipulation or chemical treatments may be increase vase life quality. During the senescence process, the rate of photosynthesis reduces and respiration rate increases. Hydrolyzing enzymes activity such as protease is also increased. Destruction of biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids and lipids also occurs during the senescence process. Among all the factors influencing the aging process, plant growth regulators and environmental factors play an important role. Ethylene is known as aging hormone in plants, while cytokinins postpone the aging process in many plant species. The use of ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors such as AOA or inhibitors of its activity, such as STS and 1-MCP can increase postharvest longevity of ethylene-sensitive plants. Silencing the ethylene biosynthesis pathway genes through genetic engineering techniques could also increase the shelf life of cut flowers and delaying the aging process. Different environmental factors such as temperature, light and relative humidity affect the senescence process and longevity of cut flowers, of which, temperature is the most important factor. At low temperatures, metabolic activity, respiration rate, carbohydrates and other storage materials consumption in the plant tissue is reduced. Flowers produced less ethylene and sensitivity to the presence of ethylene in the atmosphere is reduced. Also the loss of water and the growth of microorganisms occur at a slower rate. Therefore, it is recommended that the storage and transportation of ornamental products take place at minimum temperature.

The aim of this study was to improve the quantitative and qualitative characteristics and vase life of rose (Rosa hybrida cv. Dolcvita). For this purpose, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete design with 7 treatments and 4 replications in a commercial rose-growing greenhouse, equipped with soilless culture, adjacent to Yasouj city, Iran. Treatments included: Control, 200 and 400 mg/L humic acid (HA), 200 mg/L HA + 2 mM puterscine (Put), 200 mg/L HA + 4 mM Put, 400 mg/L HA + 2 mM Put and 400 mg/L HA + 4mM Put. Different factors such as flower stalk height and diameter, flower bud height and diameter, leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content and vase life were measured. Results showed that maximum fresh weight, dry weight, flower bud height and diameter, flower stalk height and diameter, leaf area and leaf chlorophyll content were observed in treated plants with HA and HA+ Put. The tallest flower stalk (84.75 cm) was seen in 400 mg/L HA + 2mM Put and the shortest flower stalk (55.25 cm) was obtained in untreated plants (control). The highest vase life was observed in treated plants with HA and HA + Put as compared to control. The lowest vase life (10.12 days) was observed in untreated plants. According to the results of this ressearch, application of HA and Put for improving the vegetative traits and vase life of rose cv. Dolcvita in soilless culture is recommendable

Tuberose is one of the most important cut-flowers in Iran and the world. Since nutrition is an important factor in growth and quality of ornamental plants، a factorial experiment was conducted، based on completely randomized blocks design، with 12 treatments and 3 replications، in Zanjan province، in 2011، to assess the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on growth and quantitative traits of tuberose (Polianthes tuberose L.). N from urea fertilizer source at 4 levels (0، 50، 100 and 200 kg/ha) and PSB at 3 levels (0، 5 and 10 kg/ha microbial fertilizer) were applied to soil. Soil was inoculated with PSB before planting and N was applied in two splits (after emergence of the bulbs and 20 days after the first application). In this experiment، the plant height، length of florescence، stem and floret diameter، number of leaves and florets، and fresh and dry weights of aerial parts and roots were measured. The results of ANOVA of data showed that application of N fertilizer increased significantly all measured traits، except stem and floret diameters. All growth parameters، except dry weight of aerial parts، were increased significantly by soil inoculation with PSB. Based on the results of this study، application of 200 kg/ha N and 10 kg/ha microbial fertilizer containing PSB resulted in the highest yield and quantitative traits for tuberose.

The close to impossible correct controlling of the temperature and light intensity is the main limiting factors of growing plants in the plastic covered greenhouses. Quality and vase life of cut flowers are mostly influenced by greenhouse temperature. Alstroemeria needs cold temperature for growth and flowering. In the current study, the such changes in vase life and flower quality as stem length, the number of flowers per inflorescence, and flower pigmentation in relation with anthocyanin concentration and Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity was investigated for three Alstroemeria cultivars namely: ‘Bordeaux’, ‘Sukari’, and ‘Modena’ during the growing season in summer and autumn in plastic greenhouses.The results indicated that increase in temperature during summer resulted in declining flower quality and vase life, in contrast, cold temperature in late summer and early autumn enhances biosynthesis of anthocyanin and flower pigmentation. There were significant differences observed between Alstroemeria cultivars as regards high temperature during the summer season. In this study, high temperature induced Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity in petals, making one conclude that Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) enzyme might not be a key enzyme for biosynthesis of anthocyanin in Alstroemeria flowers. With increase in temperature, the number of flowers were shown to decrease in ‘Bordeaux’ cultivar.

Reduction of post harvest losses in cut flowers and increasing their vase life, with consideration to high expenses of production is very necessary. One of the effective factors is presence of flowers near each other. This study was performed to investigate the interaction of some important cut flowers on their post harvest characteristics in vase solution (in combination or alone) in 2007- 2008 at post harvest physiology lab of horticulture department of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. In the first experiment the effects of gerbera and tuberose and in the second one the effects of daffodil, carnation and gillyflower on their post-harvest characteristics were investigated. Results of the first experiment showed that the presence of tuberose and gerbera in a vase solution caused significant reduction of gerbera vase life, but the effect of this factor is not significant on other gerbera characteristics. In addition the effect of gerbera on tuberose was caused significant reduction on tuberose fresh weight. Results of the second experiment showed that presence of gillyflowers near daffodils was caused significant reduction of daffodils vase life but the other flowers have not any effect on their vase lives. In the first day, the diameter of carnations flower was also reduced significantly when they were near daffodils in one vase solution. Treatments had not significant effects on fresh weight train. Vase solution turbidity was higher for those vases for two flowers than one flower. But this difference was significant only about the vase solution of daffodil + carnation. The highest solution pH was observed in the solution of daffodil and carnation alone and they had significant difference with the others.