جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "cultivar" در نشریات گروه "باغبانی"

Pear (Pyrus communis L.) is a cold-climate fruit tree belonging to the Rosaceae family, and it is native to Western Asia and Eastern Europe. Fire blight disease is caused by the gram-negative bacterium Erwinia amylovora, and it is considered one of the most damaging and harmful diseases in pome fruit trees in cold and temperate regions worldwide. The most sensitive plant organ in pome fruit trees to this disease is flowers. Fire blight disease has five important stages, from initial infection to the final death of the tree trunk. These five stages include blossom blight, fruit blight, leaf blight, main branches, and trunk blight, and finally, root blight. The first and most important stage of pathogenicity in fire blight disease begins in early spring under high humidity, causing the burning and death of the flower.

The Rootstock used in this experiment were Dargazi and Pyrodwarf, and the cultivars studied were Koshia and Dargazi. The experiment was conducted in two conditions, orchard and greenhouse. In the orchard, a factorial experiment was carried out in a completely randomized block design with five repetitions. The factors studied were Rootstocks (Dargazi and Pyrodwarf) and cultivars (Koshia and Dargazi). In the greenhouse, a factorial experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with three repetitions. The factors studied were Rootstocks (Dargazi and Pyrodwarf) and cultivars (Dargazi and Kosha). Gardner scale was used to measure the severity of fire blight infection. In addition, the levels of sucrose, sorbitol, and pH in leaf tissue were measured. The sucrose content in the leaf tissue of  Koshia/Pyrodwarf Rootstock increased from day 0 to 6 and reached its highest level (10%) on the 6th day, then decreased to 5% on the 12th day. In the Dargazi/Pyrodwarf base, sucrose levels increased from day 0 to 6 and reached its highest level (8%) on the 6th day, then decreased to 5% on the 12th day. In the Dargazi/Dargazi base, sucrose levels increased from day 0 to 6 and reached its highest level (7%) on the 6th day, then decreased to 4% on the 12th day. The sorbitol content in the leaf tissue of Koshia/Pyrodwarf base increased from day 0 to 6 and reached its highest level (2%) on the 6th day, then decreased to 1% on the 12th day. In the Dargazi/Pyrodwarf Rootstock, sorbitol levels increased from day 0 to 6 and reached its highest level (1.5%) on the 6th day, then decreased to 1% on the 12th day. In the Dargazi/Dargazi Rootstock, sorbitol levels increased from day 0 to 6 and reached its highest level (1%) on the 6th day, then decreased to 0.5% on the 12th day. On the other hand, the pH of the leaf tissue in the Dargazi/Pyrodwarf base remained constant at 6.2 from day 0 to 12 and increased to 7.4 on the 12th day.

The rootstock used in this experiment were Dargazi and Pyrodwarf, and the cultivars studied were Koshia and Dargazi. The experiment was conducted in two conditions, orchard and greenhouse. In the orchard, a factorial experiment was carried out in a completely randomized block design with five repetitions. The factors studied were rootstocks (Dargazi and Pyrodwarf) and cultivars (Koshia and Dargazi). In the greenhouse, a factorial experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with three repetitions. The factors studied were Rootstocks (Dargazi and Pyrodwarf) and cultivars (Dargazi and Koshia). Gardner scale was used to measure the severity of fire blight infection. In addition, the levels of sucrose, sorbitol, and pH in leaf tissue were measured. The sucrose content in the leaf tissue of Koshia/Pyrodwarf Rootstocks increased from day 0 to 6 and reached its highest level (10%) on the 6th day, then decreased to 5% on the 12th day. In the Dargazi/Pyrodwarf Rootstock, sucrose levels increased from day 0 to 6 and reached its highest level (8%) on the 6th day, then decreased to 5% on the 12th day. In the Dargazi/Dargazi Rootstock, sucrose levels increased from day 0 to 6 and reached its highest level (7%) on the 6th day, then decreased to 4% on the 12th day. The sorbitol content in the leaf tissue of Koshia/Pyrodwarf Rootstock increased from day 0 to 6 and reached its highest level (2%) on the 6th day, then decreased to 1% on the 12th day. In the Dargazi/Pyrodwarf Rootstock, sorbitol levels increased from day 0 to 6 and reached its highest level (1.5%) on the 6th day, then decreased to 1% on the 12th day. In the Dargazi/Dargazi Rootstock, sorbitol levels increased from day 0 to 6 and reached its highest level (1%) on the 6th day, then decreased to 0.5% on the 12th day. On the other hand, the pH of the leaf tissue in the Dargazi/Pyrodwarf Rootstock remained constant at 6.2 from day 0 to 12 and increased to 7.4 on the 12th day. The collected data from both orchard and greenhouse experiments were analyzed to determine the effects of Rootstock and cultivar on fire blight resistance.

The results showed that the combination of Koshia/Dargaz had higher resistance to fire blight compared to Koshia/Pyrodwarf. Additionally, the pH and carbohydrate content in the leaf tissue of the rootstock affected the growth and proliferation of fire blight bacteria. This study demonstrated varying levels of resistance to fire blight among the studied combinations, indicating significant potential for breeding and improving pear resistance to this disease. The Dargazi cultivar exhibited very high resistance to fire blight in both orchard and greenhouse conditions. Overall, the resistance of the Dargazi rootstock contributed to the resistance of the sensitive Koshia cultivar.

In this study, lettuce cultivars and genotypes native to the country, including two domestic cultivars and six domestic genotypes along with five iceberg lettuce genotypes were evaluated for production in greenhouse conditions. Evaluation was performed in the research greenhouse of the Horticultural Sciences Research Institute in Karaj. The greenhouse experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications in spring of 2018. In this study different indices including, number of leaves, leaf length and width, head length and diameter, depth of incisions leaf, , head firmness and yield and qualitative indices like leaf color, texture tenderness, the presence of anthocyanin and maturity were measured. Data were analysed with SPSS ver.16, means comparison was done with Duncan test. Correlation of quantitative traits with yield was done by person test and regression of independent variables with yield was done by linear stepwise method. Results showed a significant positive correlation between the yield and variables including head length and diameter, leaf length and width, leaf numbers. So that, Grizzly cultivar and Borazjan accession with the most head and leaves’ length and diameter had the highest yield in the experiment. Linear regression of the traits with yield revealed that only head’s length had the significant effect on the yield. There were variations in quantitative traits and maturity between accessions and cultivars. The cultivars Bombola, Grizzly, Borazjan, Peache-Ahvaz and Varesh had the good marketable, taste and flavour. Altogether, the superior accessions and cultivars such as Bombola, Grizzly, Borazjan, Peache-Ahvaz and Varesh for using in breeding program or cultivation under greenhouse condition were selected.

The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) belongs to the family Arecaceae is a dioecious trees. Due to the problems of non-overlapping flowering of some male and female palm trees, commercial date production requires artificial pollination. Temperature is an important environmental factor influencing the pollination, fertilization and fruit set of the date palm. Availability of efficient male pollinators are of great importance in date palm production chain and for regular yearly bearing as the quantity and quality of pollen is a yield determining factor. The flowering and pollination period of date palm varies upon cultivar, geographic location and climatic conditions. However, frequent asynchronous flowering of date palm male and female trees occur due to climatic changes and abiotic stress. In such cases, farmers may pollinate their trees with pollen of a known male conserved at ambient conditions from the previous season; however, this is mostly result in a low fruit set and yield.

In this study, a factorial test was performed based on a completely random design with three replications at the laboratory of the Horticulture department at Ilam University to determine the rate of germination in five male date palm cultivars. The first factor consisted of nine temperature levels of 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36 and 39 and the second factor referred to the cultivar of the pollinator which had five levels of ‘Ghanami Sorkh’, ‘Ghanami Sabz’, ‘Sabz Parak’, ‘Nare Pakutah’ and ‘Khareji’. The pollen of the above-mentioned cultivars was obtained from the date palm Germplasm collection at the Date Palm and Iranian Tropical Fruits Institute in the city of Ahwaz. In the early days of the flowering season (March), the cultivars under study were identified and labeled. They were then checked on a daily basis and whenever the sheaths were ripe enough, they were picked and preserved in a sterile environment in room temperature. After the sheaths opened, the flower clusters were dried in the same environment and at the same temperature. Then, the cluster strings were separated and kept in a freezer at -18 °C until it was time for the test. Viability and vitality of the pollen was specified through the dying method using Acetocarmine solution.

The results showed that there was a significant difference among cultivars, temperature and interactions of them at the level of 1%. Among the studied temperatures, the highest germination of pollen grains in all cultivars occurred at 30 °C, followed by 33 °C and 27 °C, respectively, and the lowest germination percentage were obtained at 15 °C. Among cultivars, the percentage of pollen germination in ‘Ghanami Sorkh’ was quite high (92.45%), and ‘Nare Pakutah’ (87.33%), also, simultaneously ‘Sabz Parak’ (84.82%) and in the ‘Khareji’ cultivar was the lowest. However, the percentage of pollen germination in ‘Ghanami Sorkh’ cultivar was higher than 59% under a wide range of temperature from 21 to 39 °C. Furthermore, the percentage of Pollen germination was reduced rapidly at temperatures less than 21 Cº and reach 15.85% in 15 °C. The germination percentage of pollen grains in ‘Nare Pakutah’ cultivar in the temperature range of 21 to 39 degrees Celsius was higher than 57%. The germination percentage of pollen grains in ‘Sabz Parak’ cultivar decreased with less acceleration than ‘Ghanami Sorkh’ at lower and upper temperatures of 30 °C, so that at 36 and 39 °C had the highest amount of germination compared to the other cultivars. Also, the germination rate of pollens in ‘Ghanami Sorkh’ cultivar were investigated above 57% in the wide temperature range from 21 to 39 °C.

According to the findings of this study, the timing of pollination plays a crucial role in the fertility of male date palm cultivars, with the optimal temperature being around 30°C. It is essential to select cultivars that exhibit a high rate of pollen germination and contribute positively to fruit properties. Male cultivars such as 'Ghanami Sorkh', 'Sabz Parak', and 'Nare Pakutah' demonstrated a broader range of optimum temperatures for pollen germination. Therefore, these cultivars are recommended for climates characterized by significant temperature fluctuations during the flowering period of female date palms.

In order to investigation of the effects of planting delay on yield and grain yield components of wheat cultivars, this research was done as split plot in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. the main factor with planting dates, including: November 7 (control), November 27, December 17 and January 6 and the sub-factor included three types of bread wheat cultivars: Setareh, Mehregan and Chamran2 (control). The results showed that between planting dates in terms of grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, number of spikes per spike, number of seeds per spike, number of spikes per m2, spike length and 1000-seed weight were statistically at the level of 1% and between Cultivars were significant in terms of grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, number of spikes per spike, number of seeds per spike, 1000 seed weight and spike length at 1% probability level and number of spikes per m2 at 5% level. The interaction effect of planting date and cultivar on grain yield, harvest index, number of spikes per spike, number of seeds per spike, number of spikes per m2 at 5% level. The highest seed yield was related to the planting date of November 7 and Chamran2 (control) cultivar with 6444 kg/ha and the lowest was related to the planting date of January 6 and Mehregan cultivar with 1519 kg/ha. As a result, planting of Chamran2 cultivar on November 7 and November 27 is recommended due to the increase in yield components and its effect on increasing grain yield.

This study was performed to evaluate and compare the reaction of Desi and Kabuli type chickpea cultivars under the influence of Imazethapyr herbicide (Pursuit) in vitro. Cultivar agents in 4 levels Pirooz (T1), Bivanich (T2), Adel (T3) and Kaka (T4) and Imazethapyr herbicide in 6 levels 0.25 (C1), 0.5 (C2), 0.75 (C3), 1 (C4), 1.5 (C5) and distilled water as a control treatment (C6) were examined in factorial designs in a completely randomized design with three replications in the research laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch. The results of analysis of variance showed that the interaction of cultivar and herbicide was significant for the traits of greatest root length and tolerance index. The highest tolerance index was observed in the control treatment (distilled water) (0 ppm) and the lowest in the dose treatment of 1.5 ppm (C5). Desi type of Kaka and Pirooz cultivars had the highest tolerance index compared to Bivanich and Adel Kabuli type of chickpea cultivars. The effect of intermediate doses of Imazethapyr herbicide on germination indices were no significant. 

In recent years, applying humic acid has been common in enhancing the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of crops. The use of biofertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers has an effective role in increasing the health of plants, animals, and humans, and reducing environmental pollution. Chemical fertilizers are gradually being replaced by biofertilizers. Strawberry is a fruit with high nutritional value. Choosing the right nutritional conditions such as fertilizers and suitable cultivation beds to achieve high quantitative and qualitative yield in this plant is inevitable. In recent years, the use of humic acid has been common in enhancing the vegetative and generative characteristics of crops. Humic acid is a rich source of potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen. The method of application of humic acid has an effective role in improving the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of plants. Combining some cultivation beds such as perlite, composts, and fertilizers including agricultural waste (such as rice bran and tea wastes) into soil cultivation beds have had an effective role for improving the quantity and quality of plants.

A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of foliar application of humic acid and different cultivation beds on morphology, flowering and fruiting of two strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) cultivars ‘Local’ and ‘Selva’ in Islamic Azad University, Rasht Unit, on 2016. Different concentrations of humic acid (0, 300, 600, and 1000 mg l−1) were applied as foliar application in two steps (late March containing three leaves and late April containing five leaves) on strawberries cultivated in different beds (usual soil and usual soil with rice bran, or perlite, or  tea wastes). The experiment was carried out as factorial based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Some traits including plant height, root number, root length, leaf length, shoot number, shoot length, shoot diameter, leaf number, node number, flowering time, flower diameter, flower number, fruit number and fruit weight were measured.

Analysis of variance showed that the interaction effect of humic acid × cultivation bed ×cultivar on plant height, shoot length, shoot number, leaf number, root length, root number, flower diameter (p≤0.01), fruit weight, and fruit number (p≤0.05) was significant. The interaction effect of these three factors on shoot or stolon diameter, leaf length, flowering time and flower number was not significant. Results of mean comparison showed that the highest shoot or stolon number (14.82) were obtained in ‘Selva’ cultivar treated with 1000 mg l−1 humic acidcultivatedin usual soil with tea wastes. The highest fruit weight (35.45 g) and fruit number (15.41 per plant) were obtained in ‘Selva’ cultivar treated with 1000 mg l−1 humic acidcultivatedin usual soil with perlite. The maximum leaf number (16.03 per plant) was obtained in the treatment of 300 mg l−1 humic acid and the cultivation bed of usual soil and rice bran in ‘Local’ cultivar. Minimum fruit number (3.58) and fruit weight (8.23 g) were obtained in ‘Local’ cultivar cultivated in usual soil bed without humic acid. The highest number of root (19.56) was obtained in the treatment of 600 mg l−1 humic acid and the cultivation bed of usual soil with perlite in ‘Local’ cultivar. The highest amount of flower diameter (7.85 mm) was calculated in the treatment of 1000 mg l−1 humic acid and the cultivation bed of usual soil with tea wastes on ‘Selva’ cultivar. These results suggest that humic acid foliar application might be benefit to enhance fruit characteristics of strawberry. Totally, humic acid application increased growth and yield of strawberry. Since the most important parameters for increasing the quality of strawberry fruit is fruit characteristics, it is recommended to use 1000 mg l−1 of humic acid cultivated in the usual soil mixture with tea wastes. Strawberries are widely cultivated worldwide due to their high nutritional value. Chemical fertilizers have been used as a way to increase crop yields, but have led to problems such as nitrate accumulation, pot life, and poor quality and environmental pollution. Therefore, organic fertilizers have been used. Humic acid can improve quantitative and qualitative production by having properties such as providing more available essential elements and increasing plant resistance to various biological and non-biological stresses. A positive association has been reported between the use of humic acid and the increases in growth, yield and product quality in strawberries and other plants. Proper cultivation bed plays an important role in the optimal growth and development of plants. Salinity increases osmotic stress, ion toxicity, oxidative stress and food imbalance. The use of compost fertilizer and foliar application of humic acid increased the growth, yield and quality of strawberry fruit.

In this project, the processing ability and quality of green table olives during storage period on six selected cultivars and five genotypes were investigated. After harvesting, debittering carried out using NaOH (2%). The fruits were then placed in a solution of water and salt for fermentation and storage. During the fermentation and storage period, quality parameters such as ash, glucose, fatty acids, acidity, pH, mineral elements and sensory properties wereevaluated. At harvesting time, Direh, Tokhm kabki and KH15 genotypes had the highest fruit weight in comparison to the other selected cultivars and genotypes. During the processing and storage period, there was an increase trend for sodium, while a decrease trend in the amount of calcium and potassium in the fruit flesh compared to the harvest time. However, there was not a distinct trend in the acidity changes during the processing period. According to the sensory analysis, Zard, QG18, GW1, Direh, Meshkat, Manzanilla, TMN2and BN5, acquired the high score of total acceptance index among panelists (between 7.5 and 9), respectively.

This experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of different nitrogen forms (ammonium to nitrate ratio) on the growth and flowering characteristics of two gerbera cultivars (‘Stanza’ and ‘Double Dutch’). The aim was to recommend the appropriate amount of NH4+:NO3¯ ratio in the nutrient solution to optimize quantity and quality characteristics in gerbera. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized factorial design with two factors including NH4+:NO3¯ ratios and cultivar type with three replications. The NH4+:NO3¯ ratios (0:100, 20:80, 40:60, and 60:40) were supplied as a first factor and second factor was gerbera cultivars (‘Stanza’ and ‘Double Dutch’). The results indicated that increasing ammonium concentration in the nutrient solution to more than 40% of total N, significantly reduced growth indices and gerbera flower numbers compared to NH4+:NO3¯ ratio of 20 to 80. Results showed that the highest flower number (314 flowers m-2 year-1), stalk dry weight (5.2 g), flower stalk diameter (0.92 cm), flower stalk weight (2.31 Kg) and vase life (14 days) were obtained in 80:20 of NH4+:NO3¯ ratio. Thereofre, nutrient solution with NH4+:NO3¯ ratio of 20:80 is an appropriate solution recommended for commercial production of gerbera cut flowers in order to achieve the optimum quantity and quality yield of Cut Gerbera.

Iran has a dry and semi-arid climate and has always faced a drought problem, the use of super adsorbents (zeolite) increases the water use efficiency.In order to Evaluation of zeolite levels on yield and yield components on some morphophysiological characteristics of three rainfed cultivar,an experiment was conducted based on factorial as a randomized complete block design whit three repetition at Islamic Azad University research farm of Khorramabad in 2015-2016 cropping season. The treatments included four level of zeolite (control, wheat consumptionof 4 ton, 8 ton and 12 ton per hectare) and cultivar was included of Karim, Koohdasht and Ghaboos.The results of this test showed that the effect of zeolite’s factors and cultivar was significant on characteristics of plant height, number of spike per square meter, number of seed in spike, leaves chlorophyll, thousand kernel weight seed, seed yield and biological yield and so that interactional effect of zeolite and variety was significant on seed yield. The most productivity was for Ghaboos treatment and consumption of 12 ton of zeolite per hectare (4422 kg/ha) and the least seed productivity was for control treatment (3/3664 kg/ha).The results showed that utilizing of zeolite can increase seed productivity through increasing and storing the moisture, as well as, by attracting more nutritional elements and transferring them from the soil to the plant organs.

The advantages of plastic mulches have been known in production of agricultural crops. Their capability have been demonstrated to help nutrition uptake, precocity and yield of fruit trees, and decreasing of aphid population as viruses pest vectors. It is also demonstrated some advantages of plastic mulch on some traits in potato such as increasing growth rate, yield and number of medium tuber size. Also, the effects of combined use of straw, chopped and polyethylene as well as different levels of irrigation (60, 80, 100, 120% water requirement) on yield and water use efficiency in potato have been investigated. In previous studies, it is concentrated on the effect of the special type of plastic on growing aspect of potato and there is no comparative assessment between different types of the mulches. So that in this research we evaluated the responses between types of plastic mulches.
Material and this research was conducted under field conditions. A factorial experiment was designed based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The experimental treatments consisted of mulch in five levels (clear, white, black, double layer and control (without mulch)) and two cultivars (Agria and Sante). Each plot was designed in 4 m2. For every plot, ridges were divided into complicated double rows with 50 × 150 centimeters wide. Irrigation tapes were placed between every duplicated row. Water requirement was calculated through corrected evapotranspiration (ETo) by Penman-Monteith equation with considering 90% water use efficiency. During the growing season some characteristics such as requirement time to 80% emergence, tuberization time, plant height in flowering time, number of stems and leaf area have been measured. Harvesting time was recorded along with measurement of tuber weights. Total yield was measured by random selection of one m2 in each plot. Harvested tubers were separated based on three sizes; edible tuber (large tuber), average tuber and small tuber size. Tow-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of data was carried out using SAS software and means were compared byDuncan’s Multiple Range Test at probability level of 5%
The results of the experiment showed that application of plastic mulch and cultivar had significant effect (P≤ 0.01) on most of growing traits. Effect of cultivar and plastic mulch had no significant different on tuber dry matter. Mean comparison of 80% emergence date, number of main stem, growth duration, ranking of tubers size and total yield showed significant effect between cultivars and plastic mulches. Sante cultivar with clear mulch reach in shortest time to 80% emergence (11.3 days) and tuberization time (46.46 days). Significant difference between polyethylene mulches in emergence date is due to the effect of mulch characteristics on soil temperature and moisture. Consequently, soil microclimate would be changed and growth habits of potato plant inclined to suitable responses. Clear plastic mulch had highest plant height and number of main stem compared to other mulches and control treatment. Leaf area also affected by mulches; so that four types of plastic mulches had more leaf area comparison to control. Significant effect of mulch treatments on leaf area can be related to conservation of moisture and reduction of water stress. Meanwhile, increasing of uptake and transferring of mineral nutrient can be promoted growth rate. All this reaction can increase leaf area in plastic mulch treatments. Totally, application of plastic mulches could improve growth rate, growth duration and total yield of potato.
The result of this research showed that polyethylene mulch can obviously increase growth rate as well reduce growth duration. Also, plastic mulch can significantly increase total yield and positive reaction effect on tuber size. Different types of plastic mulches showed different responses on growth traits and total yield. It seems clear mulch be more capable in the most traits and total yield compared with other plastic.