جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "linalool" در نشریات گروه "باغبانی"

From ancient times between people Thymus genus is one of the important and known plant groups as medicinal and edible herbs.E-Azarbayjan province with nearly 7 species belong to Thymus genus with local name(Kahlik Outi) is one of the rich provinces of Iran from this viewpoint. Thymus migricus is one of the species belong to this genus.For determination of essential oil compounds samples were collected from Mishoo and Espiran regions at flowering stage.Geographycal characters were registered by GPS and soil samples were taken from 30cm depth.. Collected plants were transferred to lab and dried on natural and shadow condition. Then they grinned and essential oil extraction was done by hydrodistillation method with Clevenger apparatus (Pharmacopoeia Britanica) for 2.5 hours.Essential oils were dried by sodium sulfate anhydrous. Essential oils compounds were identified by gas chromatography (GC) and coupled gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy instruments(GC/MS).Eleven and nine compounds in Mishoo and Espiran were determined in essential oils respectively. The results show that essential oil yield in Mishoo is (0.93%) and Espiran is (0.38%) with respect to dry weight of samples and major compounds are linalool(65.57- 46.36 %),citronellol(15.63- 0 %) , geraniol(2.79- 26.74 %) geranil acetate(2.83- 6.17%) respectively.Thymus migricus essential oil with high percent of linalool can be used in cosmetic and perfume industries.

Salvia sharifii Rech. f. & Esfand. is an endemic medicinal plant in Iran and belongs to the Lamiaceae family. In the current study, different plant parts (flower, leaf, and stem) of this species were collected from the Bokhon region of Hormozgan province in March 2018 and were studied in terms of the amount of essential oil and variability in their composition. The essential oils of air-dried samples were extracted by hydro-distillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The essential oil yield of flower, leaf, and stem was obtained 1.38, 1.14, and 0.84% (w/w), respectively. The total number of essential oil compounds identified and quantified was 45 in flower, 42 in leaf, and 43 in the stem. The results of essential oil compounds analysis revealed that linalool (38.7%), hexyl isovalerate (13.8%), hexyl caprylate (6.2%), hexyl isobutyrate (4.6%), hexyl-2-methyl butyrate (4.4%), trans-caryophyllene (3.8%), and n-hexyl hexanoate (3.7%) were the major compounds in flower. In leaf, linalool (17.0%), hexyl caprylate (11.1%), α-humulene (7.8%), trans-caryophyllene (6.2%), sclareol oxide (5.9%), nootkatone (3.7%), hexyl isovalerate (3.5%) and agarospirol (3.0%) had the highest amounts in essential oil. In stem essential oil, linalool (18.7%), sclareol oxide (8.0%), α-humulene (7.5%), trans-caryophyllene (7.2%), hexyl isovalerate (5.2%), caryophyllene oxide (5.0%), n-hexyl hexanoate (4.8%), nootkatone (4.1%) and dibutyl phthalate (4.0%) were the major compounds. The major and common compound in the different organs essential oil of this species was linalool which was the highest in flowers and the lowest in leaves. The presence of chemical diversity in the essential oil of different organs of this species can be considered by the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries, as well as medicinal plant breeders in selecting the appropriate organ for consumption and breeding purposes.

Drought stress, as one of the most important abiotic stresses, plays an important role in decreasing the yield of medicinal plants. In order to investigate the effect of nitric oxide on morphophysiological and biochemical characteristics of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), the native population "Shahre-ray", a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design under drought stress conditions with three replications in the research greenhouse of Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2017. Experimental factors included drought stress at three levels of complete irrigation (drip irrigation at three-day intervals throughout the growing season) and complete stop of irrigation at early flowering stage (60 days after planting at 10-12 leaf stage) and 50% flowering (75 days after planting at 14-15 leaf stage) and nitric oxide spray with sodium nitroprusside at four concentration levels of zero (leaf spray with distilled water), 0.5, 1, and 2 mM. The foliar application was carried out from the eight-leaf stage of the plant, with intervals of two weeks to four times. Results showed that stopping irrigation at both mentioned growth stages significantly reduced plant height, plant dry weight, chlorophylls a and b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, and relative water content, and significantly increased electrolyte leakage rate, leaf proline content, and essential oil percentage. Foliar application of 2 mM nitric oxide significantly increased plant growth under irrigation interruption, especially at 50% flowering. Increasing the concentration of nitric oxide produced the highest essential oil percentage (1.4%) at the early flowering stage under irrigation interruption conditions and significantly increased the content of essential oil components including methyl chavicol, linalool, geranial, geraniol, α-pinene, β-pinene, and myrcene. In general, the results showed that foliar application of nitric oxide at 50% flowering stage under irrigation interruption improved the growth of basil and increased the percentage and components of essential oil via osmotic adjustment, preventing chlorophyll degradation and maintenance of leaf water content.

In order to evaluate essential oil yield and composition of fifteen accessions of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), an experiment was conducted in the experimental field of department of horticultural science of Shahid Chamran university of Ahvaz as a randomized complete block design with fifteen treatments (accessions) and three replications. Accessions were green (Yazd, Canada, Ramhormoz, Jahrom, Shiraz, Shahr rey, Dashtestan and Neyshabour), purple (Jahrom, Shiraz, Ramhormoz and Dashtestan), Golkhosheai, Thyrsiflora and Goldomaghrabi. Leaf yield, essential oil content, yield and components were evaluated. Results showed that there was a significant difference among accessions (P≤0.01) for measured traits. The maximum leaf yield was recorded in Golkhosheai and Goldomaghrabi accessions (613.6 and 550.33 gr.m2). The highest essential oil content was observed in Thyrsiflora (3.16%), Golkhosheai (2.93%) and Goldomaghrabi (2.07%) accessions and the highest essential oil yield was obtained in Golkhosheai, Thyrsiflora and Goldomaghrabi accessions (17.95, 14.72 and 11.42 gr.m2, respectively). According to essential oil analysis by GC-MS, approximately 32 compounds were identified in the essential oil of various basil accessions. Main essential oil compositions were linalool (0.12-68.43%), methyl chavicol (0-55.28%), geraniol (0-33.39%), geranial (0-42.09%), limonene (0-18.03%), methyl eugenol (0.38-4.85%), beta-caryophyllane (0-4.57%) and cubenol (0-6.22%). Essential oil of purple (Jahrom, Shiraz, Ramhormoz and Dashtestan) and Thyrsiflora accessions had the highest amount of methyl chavicol. Essential oil of Golkhosheai, Goldomaghrabi and Canada accessions was rich in linalool. Essential oil of green (Yazd, Canada, Ramhormoz, Jahrom, and Neyshabour) accessions had more geraniol and geranial than other accessions. Overall, the results of this study showed that each accession had a unique characteristic that can be used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and food industries.

There are many medicinal plants that could be found in fields, hill sides, and specific natural habitats. Myrtus communis is one of the most valuable medicinal plants that widely extended in Iran. In this research, we studied the changes in the essential oil yield and chemical composition of Myrtle during 2013 to 2014 seasons. Samples of plants were collected from the Mian Jangal Fasa area. Essential oils were obtained by hydro distillation and were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The highest and the lowest essential oil yields were found in autumn (1.28%) and winter (0.41%), respectively. Major compounds were 1,8-cineol (22.9% in summer), α-Pinene (25.5% in spring), Limonene (26.8% in winter) and Linalool (18.5% in summer(.

Zhumeria majdae Rech. f. & Wendelbo is the medicinal, endemic, and endangered plant, distributed on very sharp slopes of mountains at an altitude of 520 to 1450 meters a.s.l in the south of Iran. This species is used in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders like diarrhea, bloating, abdominal pain and sour stomach, heartburn, and cold. The mashed fresh leaves are used to improve headaches and wound healing. To study the variation of essential oils of individuals among different populations, the aerial parts of five individuals of Z. majdae were collected at full flowering stage from 11 habitats of Hormozgan province, and then were dried at room temperature. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistilation method using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The chemical composition of essential oils was analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Results showed that the essential oil yield varied for both different habitats and individuals. The highest and lowest essential oil yields were obtained in the Abmah (5.9%) and Sirmand area (1.9%), respectively. In addition, the highest and lowest essential oil yields were recorded for the second individual from Abmah (7.9%) and the third individual from Sirmand (0.9), respectively. Totally, twenty-five components were identified for the individuals of different habitats. The individuals of a population differed in terms of chemical compositions. Among the existing chemical components in the essential oil of 55 individuals, Linalool (42.4-71.8%), Camphor (17.2-40.9%), Nerol (0.4-5.7%), and Borneol (0.9-4.9%) showed more variation. According to the results of the analysis of chemical data with PCA software, the study individuals of different populations were classified into two groups. A number of 12 individuals, having almost similar values of Linalool and Camphor, were placed in the first group, and the others, whose values of the two major components mentioned above were far from each other, were placed in the second group.

Centaurea zuvandica (Sosn.) Sosn. is a perennial species، distributed in North and North-West of Iran. The shoots of C. zuvandica were collected at flowering stage from Firoozkoh، Ghaemshahr and Chaloos Road، in late June 2011. The plant parts were dried at ambient temperature and milled to small particles. The essential oils of stem as well as leaves and inflorescences were obtained by hydrodistillation and were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Essential oil yield of different organs varied (w/w dried weight) between 0. 02% to 0. 07%. The major constituents were: spathulenol (>28. 8%)، thymol (>21. 7%)، caryophyllene oxide (>20. 9%)، linalool (>19. 5%)، germacrene D (>16. 3%) and carvacrol (>6. 8%). According to the obtained results، a high variability was found for the major essential oil constituents among three studied localities and even among different organs of a locality. The major constituent in the stem and leaf oils، collected from Chaloos Road and Firoozkoh localities، was thymol (17. 8% and 21. 7%). Linalool (19. 5% and 9. 7%) was the major constituent in inflorescence oils، collected from Chaloos Road and Firoozkoh localities. For the samples collected from Ghaemshahr، caryophyllene oxide (20. 9%) was identified as the major constituent in stem and leaf oil.

Thymus eriocalyx (Ronniger) Jalas belongs to the family Lamiaceae. Among different species of Thymus, distributed in the world, 18 species are growing in Iran, of which four species are endemic. To study the variation of essential oils among population individuals of this species in Iran D.S.S. (Determination of special station) method was used. In this study, the aerial parts of 5 individuals of Thymus eriocalyx were collected from 10 special stations, at full flowering stage for chemical investigation and were dried at room temperature. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistilation method using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The chemical composition of essential oils was analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Results showed that the highest average yield of essential oil in three replications based on dry weight belonged to the first individual of Te2 population (4.09%), while the lowest was recorded for the second individual of Te10 population (0.21%). Totally, thirty one compounds were identified in the essential oil of 10 studied population individuals. In this study, it is noteworthy that the individuals of a population showed variation among themselves in terms of chemical compositions. Among existing chemical compounds in the essential oil of 50 individuals, the following compounds revealed the variation widely: p-cymene (0.1-20.1%), 1,8-cineole (0.4-29.4%), γ-terpinene (0.1-8.7%), linalool (0.1-82.3%), camphor (0.1-15%), borneol (1.6-22.7%), geraniol (0.1-74.6%), thymol (0.1-57.7%), geranyl acetate (0.1-49.6%), caryophyllene oxide (0.2-9.1%), limonene (0.2-24%) and α-terpineol (0.1-36.2%). The results of the analysis of chemical data using MVSP Software by UPGMA and PCO methods led to the identification of 9 chemotypes as follows of which 7 chemotypes were introduced as new chemotypes: 1-geraniol/geranyl acetate, 2-geraniol, 3- linalool/geraniol/geranyl acetate, 4-linalool,5-α-terpineol/1,8-cineole, 6-geranyl acetate, 7-geraniol/thymol/borneol/1,8-cineole,8-thymol/limonene and 9-thymol/p-cymene/borneol.

Artemisia aucheri Boiss. is a shrub from Asteraceae family that spread all over Iran. In traditional medicine, A. aucheri is a plant with astringent properties, disinfectant, antimicrobial, antiparasit and antitoxicant activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate, the antimicrobial activity of aerial part essential oil of A. aucheri against a large number of microorganisms including gram positive, gram negative bacteria, filamentous fungi, and yeast by disc diffusion and micro broth dilution assays. Fifty four components were identified by GC and GC/MS in the essential oil of A. aucheri, representing 98% of total oil. The major components were geranyl acetate (17.2%), α-citral (17.1%), linalool (12.7%), geraniol (10.7%) and Z-citral (10.5%). The antimicrobial activity of A. aucheri oil was dose dependent. Aerial part essential oil showed the best antifungal activity and this effect is more than the antibacterial activity. Gram negative bacteria were less sensitive than gram positive bacteria. Means average of inhibition diameters of oil against gram positive bacteria and fungi were more than vancomycin and amphotricin B, respectively and this effect was smaller than gentamycin in gram negative bacteria.

The fruits of Citrus sinensis (L.) from Rutacea family were collected from North of Iran and after pilling, the essential oil of the cover was obtained by the methods of cold-press and examined by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-one compounds were characterized representing about 98% of the oil. The yield of total oil was 1.5% (w/w). The oil was characterized by a high content of limonene which composed 94.3% of the oil. The other components were myrcene (1.5%), linalool (0.94%), decanal (0.45%), α-pinene (0.38%) and octanol (0.26%). After deterpination, the percentage of different componenets changed. The main constitute were limonene (92.2%), linalole (1.46%), myrcene (0.52%), a-pinene (0.12%) and decanal (0.73%).