جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "بیوتکنولوژی" در نشریات گروه "بیوتکنولوژی و ژنتیک گیاهی"

The dairy industry, a prolific producer of waste and by-products, boasts a diverse array of goods that contribute significantly to our daily diet. However, the copious waste generated in the process, characterized by high Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and a rich nutrient profile comprising lactose, proteins, and fats, necessitates exploration of alternative biotechnological applications. This exploration is particularly crucial when considering both aerobic and anaerobic processing methods. Probiotic food items, having garnered widespread consumer acceptance, are experiencing substantial growth in the nutritional food industry. Recognizing this trend, the food industry is actively engaged in expanding the scope of probiotic meals beyond traditional dairy products. This expansion holds promise for delivering numerous health benefits to consumers. Consequently, this research delves into the extensive range of dairy products available, elucidating ways to harness by-product waste from the dairy industry. However, this pursuit is not without its challenges. Microbiologists, engineers, and technologists face hurdles in preventing the infiltration of unwanted microbes during processing. The study not only examines the methods to eliminate these intruding microbes and their digestive enzymes but also addresses the intricacies involved in thwarting the development and operations of any surviving microorganisms following treatment. Probiotics, known for their positive impact on gut health, have found application in various food matrices, extending beyond dairy to encompass non-dairy products. The research underscores the versatility of probiotics and their adaptability to different food categories. Furthermore, it briefly touches upon the innovative utilization of byproduct waste, converting what would otherwise be considered trash into valuable resources. In conclusion, the dairy industry's waste management presents a dual opportunity: to mitigate environmental impact through responsible waste disposal and to extract valuable nutrients for application in diverse biotechnological realms. This comprehensive exploration contributes to our understanding of the potential of dairy waste by-products, shedding light on sustainable practices and innovative applications that align with the evolving landscape of the nutritional food industry.

Bioinformatics has evolved into an indispensable tool across various realms of biology, playing a pivotal role in advancing scientific pursuits. Despite its ubiquitous presence in traditional life science courses, integrating hands-on training with wet-lab investigations becomes imperative to foster student engagement and comprehension. This holistic approach not only bridges theoretical knowledge with practical applications but also cultivates a deeper appreciation for the interdisciplinary nature of bioinformatics. The ever-accelerating progress in omics studies has unveiled unprecedented avenues for comprehending biological structures. This surge has sparked a revolutionary transformation in the field, propelling marine studies beyond the realms of hypothetical organisms to encompass an expanding array of marine life. At the forefront of this marine exploration is the research's central focus on the practical task of unearthing novel enzymes in marine environments. The inquiry delves into the cutting-edge concept of metagenomics, a contemporary methodology that broadens the horizons of biotechnology by incorporating non-culturable microorganisms into its purview. A crucial facet of the research involves the introduction of a viral cosmid library screening probe, responding to the challenges posed by the study of marine microbiology and bioengineering. This innovative tool becomes instrumental in deciphering the genetic makeup of elusive marine microorganisms, further enriching our understanding of their biochemical processes. The paper meticulously delineates the objectives of marine microbiology and bioengineering projects, underscoring the need for a collaborative effort to achieve them successfully. In this context, the research not only outlines the goals but also provides a strategic roadmap for their implementation through a synergistic collaborative approach. This approach harnesses the collective expertise of scientists and researchers, fostering an environment conducive to breakthrough discoveries. The fusion of experimental research techniques enhances students' proficiency in fundamental bioinformatics, instilling in them a problem-solving mindset crucial for navigating the complexities of contemporary biological research. In conclusion, the integration of hands-on training, coupled with the exploration of cutting-edge methodologies like metagenomics, marks a paradigm shift in the study of marine microbiology and bioengineering. This research not only contributes to the growing body of knowledge in these domains but also underscores the significance of collaborative efforts in pushing the boundaries of scientific exploration.

Nanotechnology, the manipulation of matter at the anatomical and molecular levels, has paved the way for the creation of materials with unique and enhanced properties. One of its significant applications is in the realm of nano-biotechnology, where various subfields, such as nanostructures, play a crucial role in fields like biotechnology and structural and cellular genomics. Nano-biotechnology offers a groundbreaking approach to research by allowing scientists to introduce chemicals and components into cells and fabricate novel materials through innovative techniques like assembling. Particularly noteworthy is its contribution to the in vivo administration of Nucleic Acid (NA) therapeutics. Advanced nanoscale biotechnology strategies have played a pivotal role in this domain by providing precise control over crucial parameters such as dimension, charge, drug loading, and response to external signals of delivery transporters. The integration of cutting-edge nanoscale biotechnology in the field of cancer immunotherapy holds significant promise for overcoming obstacles in NA treatment. This involves addressing challenges related to the clinical and preclinical research of different nanocarriers. This article serves as a concise overview, delving into the characteristics and encountered difficulties associated with various nanocarriers during clinical and preclinical investigations. The paper discusses a range of NA methods and elucidates how state-of-the-art nanoscale biotechnology actively supports and enhances NA treatment. By manipulating the physical and chemical attributes of delivery transporters, nanotechnology allows for the optimization of therapeutic outcomes, making it an invaluable tool in the advancement of medical research. In conclusion, the marriage of nanotechnology and biotechnology, specifically in the field of nano-biotechnology, opens up new avenues for scientific exploration and medical advancements. The precision and versatility offered by nanoscale techniques hold immense potential in revolutionizing the landscape of NA therapeutics, paving the way for more effective and targeted treatments. The ongoing progress in cutting-edge Nanobiotechnology (N-Bio-Tech) exemplifies the relentless pursuit of solutions to some of the most significant challenges in medical science, particularly in the realm of cancer immunotherapy.

Artificial seed technology is a novel method in biotechnology where artificial seeds are produced and encapsulated using various materials and processes. These seeds are typically created by encapsulating plant meristems or somatic embryos, using polymer materials such as sodium alginate for encapsulation. One of the advantages of these seeds is the easier and better cultivation of certain plants, especially those with harder germination conditions due to dormancy or environmental factors. However, the use of artificial seed technology comes with challenges, including environmental impacts, production costs, and technical issues such as improving encapsulation processes and the quality of artificial seeds. This article introduces artificial seeds and production methods, the materials used for encapsulation, the principles of encapsulation, the advantages, and challenges faced by these seeds. Some companies active in the field of artificial seeds and the plants from which artificial seeds are produced are introduced to further study and advance this technology.

Biotechnology is one of the most important technologies in particular novelty ones that has many applications in entrepreneurship and knowledge-based businesses. Yet, because of not equipping biotechnology graduates with entrepreneurial skills being one of the important reasons, the process of transferring knowledge from universities to industries unfortunately is too weak. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is identification and strategic planning of the entrepreneurship skills, which are essential for biotechnology graduates to promote their abilities and then entering to the labor market.  

The data collection method has been documentary and survey and the tool used in the survey method was a questionnaire, as 22 questionnaires were analyzed which completed by biotechnology experts in Kerman province. Analytical Hierarchy process (AHP) was used to prioritize the main dimensions and indicators of each dimension. Then, to comprehensively review and strategically plan for developing the entrepreneurial skills of biotechnology students, the SWOT technique utilized.  

Based on experts’ opinions, the results showed that technical skills had been the most prominent and entrepreneurial, managerial and personal maturity skills were placed in the next priorities, respectively. Investigating the result of the internal and external factors matrix demonstrated that contingent and competitive strategies had been the appropriate ones for biotechnology students to develop their entrepreneurial capabilities.  

Considering that higher education has an important role in equipping graduates with different dimensions of entrepreneurial skills, universities can play a vital role in developing the entrepreneurial skills of graduates by identifying internal and external factors affecting entrepreneurship. As a result, it is necessary that policy makers and planners pay special attention to the importance of curriculum improvement, use of applied content and personal skills development; additionally, they must create a suitable environment for students in order to increase entrepreneurial opportunities in society and industry.

Plant defensins are a large family of cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides. These peptides are small molecules with molecular mass between 5 and 7kD and eight conserved cysteines that are involved in disulfide bond formation. In the present study, some members of defensin gene family were isolated and characterized from lentil genotypes. All coding sequences of the defensin genes of dicotyledon plants were retrieved from GenBank. The retrieved coding sequences were aligned against lentil EST library and the resulted sequences were pooled and assembled. The resulted contigs and singletons were aligned against GenBank nr database using BLASTn tool. The contigs and singletons with the full open reading frame were used to primer design. In the next step, DNA extraction was performed from Gachsaran, Mahali, Filip2003-2L, Filip2003-9L, Filip2005-2L and Filip2006-10L genotypes. Finally, by using PCR, genomic sequence of defensins were amplified, cloned into pTZ57R/T plasmid and sequenced. The results showed complete identity among the isolated defensins from all genotypes. The identified genes also contain conserved introns with variable length that comprised of regulatory elements for response to different factors and conditions. For first time in this study, genomic sequences of three members of defensin gene family were isolated from lentil genotypes and structures and features of them were determined.

Over the past 40 years, there has been a re-orientation of virology studies toward the beneficial use of viruses, and several plant viruses have been employed as expression vectors. The use of plant virus vectors for production of recombinant proteins has advantages such as speed of expression, high yield, reduced cost and duration of studies, and an extremely high throughput of recombinant proteins. Thus with such vectors large scale production of recombinant proteins required for pharmaceutical and industrial applications is accessible. Plant viruses can also also be used for improved vaccine efficacy. Such vaccines can be made by ligand conjugation of a non-immunogenic peptide to the outer surface of the virus coat protein. Finally, plant virus vectors can be employed as library construction tools for discovery of gene function in genomics studies. Here, we review the use of plant viruses in expression of recombinant proteins.