جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تنوع ژنتیکی » در نشریات گروه « بیوتکنولوژی و ژنتیک گیاهی »

The most valuable products obtained from the (Peganum harmala L.) are phenolic compounds and other biochemical contents, which widely is used in treating of many diseases. This study has been done with the goal of evaluating the effect of different habitats on some biochemical and physiological parameters in pecan plant. First, the samples were identified and collected simultaneously in the four studied habitats. A factorial experiment with a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in the central laboratory of Razi University in 2023. Results of the analysis of the variance of the studied traits has been showed, that there is a significant difference between the ecotypes and also the two leaf and seed samples in the characteristics of total chlorophyll content, soluble sugar, flavonoid and anthocyanin. The results showed that, there is a significant difference between the ecotype and the sample in chlorophyll b index. The difference between the samples is due to the type of ecotype and the effect of the environment. There is a significant positive correlation between chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll. Phenol and flavonoid content showed significant negative correlation with total chlorophyll and positive and significant correlation with anthocyanin. Considering the content of biochemical compounds and the high content of phenols and flavonoids as antioxidant compounds in the studied samples, it can be stated that Ecotype No. 2 can be introduced to researchers as a suitable sample for further studies in the pharmaceutical field. The authors are grateful for the cooperation of the director of the Faculty of Engineering Sciences and Natural Resources, Razi University.

Aegilops species possessing the U genome are the most widely distributed species in the world. Considering the limitation in the genetic diversity in cultivated wheat, the use of wild relatives and other species of Aegilops can be provided a rich and diverse gene pool of new and ideal alleles for breeders. Therefore, the main goals of the present study were investigation of genetic diversity and population structure in Aegilops accessions collected from different regions of Iran using the CBDP markers.

In this study, the genetic diversity among 77 Aegilops accessions collected from 18 provinces in Iran and belonging to five species including Ae. biuncialis (UUMM genome), Ae. columnaris (UUMM genome) Ae. Neglecta (UUMM genome), Ae. triuncialis (UUCC genome), Ae. umbellulata (UU genome) , was evaluated using 15 CBDP primers. The obtained molecular data were subjected to statistical analyses using GenAlEx ver. 6.502, DARwin ver. 6, and Structure ver. 2.3.4 softwares.

A total of 189 polymorphic fragments were amplified using 15 used CBDP primers (95.27%). The PIC index ranged from 0.28 (CBDP15) to 0.42 (CBDP-2 CBDP-4) with an average of 0.35. The results of analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that the highest proportion of genetic variance referred to within species (76%). Among all species, Ae. triuncialis showed the highest values of genetic parameters. The highest level of genetic similarity was found between Ae. biuncialis with Ae. columnaris (0.905) and Ae.biuncialis with Ae. neglecta (0.879). Although cluster analysis based on CBDP data classified all accessions into three main groups the grouping pattern was exactly in accordance with the genomic constitution of species. Moreover, the clustering pattern was confirmed by a principal coordinate’s analysis (PCoA). The population structure analysis further confirmed the results obtained from the cluster analysis and PCoA, so all studied accessions were grouped based on their genomic structure, degree of genetic similarity, and geographic similarities.

Results of the present study showed a high usefulness of CBDP markers in evaluating the genetic diversity in the Aegilops germplasm. Therefore, it seems that this marker technique can be used in programs related to the preparation of genetic maps and molecular phylogenetic studies. Also, the existence of high genetic diversity among some Iranian Aegilops species can provides a significant prospect for breeders to use them in pre-breeding programs in wheat.

Agilops is one of the most important genetic ancestors of wheat, which is a valuable genetic resource for wheat breeders due to its tolerance to various biotic and abiotic stresses. The main goal of this research was to evaluate the genetic diversity in 89 Aegilops tauschii accessions collected from different regions of Iran and the countries of Turkey, Afghanistan, Armenia, Sweden and Azerbaijan using 32 microsatellite primer pairs. The averages of polymorphic information content (PIC), Marker index (MI), Resolution (RP) indices were equal to 0.81, 1.82 and 1.88, respectively, which indicated that the primers used are suitable with high efficiency for investigating relationships among the accessions of this species. The results of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed that the first three components explained 41.88% of the total genetic variance changes. Cluster analysis classified the evaluated accessions into four main groups, which was confirmed by the results of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). According to the cluster grouping pattern, in some cases the accessions with the same geographical origin were placed in separate groups and also the presence of non-Iranian accessions in the group of Iranian accessions was observed. The results of population structure analysis confirmed the populations genetic exchanges and showed that the classification of the studied accessions is independent of their geographical origin. In general, the results showed high genetic diversity among the studied accessions of Ae. tauschii, therefore, the high genetic diversity leads to finding new allelic sources and introducing desirable alleles, which will be of great value to wheat breeders for use in breeding programs.

Genetic diversity of coriander is very important for future breeding programs and genetic resource conservation. To evaluate genetic diversity and population structures, 20 populations of coriander collected from different regions of Iran were assessed using 10 ISSR markers. The markers generated a total of 111 bands in the studied populations of which 80 bands were polymorphic. The average polymorphism ranged from 0.2 to 0.35 per primer. To determine the efficiency of ISSR markers, their polymorphic information content (PIC) and polymorphic percentage were calculated. The average polymorphism was 72.2 percent among the assessed population. Primers P2 showed the best marker parameters and were identified as the most effective primers for assessing genetic diversity in Iranian coriander populations. Cluster analysis based on the Jaccard coefficient by UPGMA classified populations into three groups. According to the results, there is a high genetic diversity among Iranian coriander and ISSR can effectively differentiate the populations. This genetic diversity could be employed by the plant breeders in further breeding programs to introduce new varieties and improve conservation strategies as well.

The Chalghoza pine (Pinus gerardiana) is grown in the eastern and southeastern regions of Afghanistan and has an important role in the socio-economic progress of rural communities. It serves various purposes, such as providing pine nuts, fuel wood, medicinal plants, grazing areas, and shelter for livestock. In this research, the genetic diversity and structure of different Chalghoza pine populations were examined using molecular markers known as start codon targeted (SCoT) and inter primer binding site (iPBS) markers. Due to the excessive harvesting of its nuts and a decline in its population, the IUCN categorizes the Chilgoza pine as a nearing threat.

39 Chalghozeh pine genotypes were collected from various regions across five provinces in Afghanistan, namely Khost, Paktia, Laghman, Kunar, and Nuristan. To extract genomic DNA, a modified CTAB procedure was employed, utilizing megagametophyte tissue from 4-5 seeds per genotype. For this research, six primers each for SCoT and iPBS markers were utilized. To analyze the data and determine genetic relationships, cluster analysis was conducted using the unweighted pair-group method arithmetic averages.

In this study, 12 SCoT and iPBS primers were utilized, resulting in the generation of 48 and 55 bands for SCoT and iPBS markers, respectively. The percentage of polymorphism was estimated at 20.8% for SCoT markers and 29.1% for iPBS markers. The average values of PIC (polymorphic information content) were determined as 0.026 for SCoT markers and 0.045 for iPBS markers, indicating a higher differentiation power of iPBS markers compared to SCoT markers. The genetic similarity coefficient revealed a relatively low genetic diversity among the populations examined. The UPGMA dendrogram, based on the similarity coefficient, demonstrated that the genotypes did not cluster according to their collection sites. This outcome can be attributed to the species' highly cross-pollinating nature and limited distribution range in the studied area. The observed number of alleles (NA) was 1.08 and 1.09, while the effective number of alleles (NE) was determined as 1.075 for both SCoT and iPBS markers. The Shannon's information index (I) was calculated as 0.055 and 0.060 for SCoT and iPBS markers, respectively. The expected heterozygosity (HE) values were estimated as 0.039 for SCoT markers and 0.042 for iPBS markers. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that the genetic diversity within populations was higher than among populations. Through a Bayesian model-based STRUCTURE analysis, two groups (K=2) were identified among the five populations of Pinus gerardiana, and admixture was observed within individuals. 

The minimal variations observed in total diversities and levels of population differentiation among the five Chalghoza pine populations suggest that the genetic structure of these populations aligns with the species' long-lived perennial nature and regional distribution. These findings have implications for the conservation and cultivation of this economically significant tree, providing valuable insights for its management and preservation.

Species belonging to the Aegilops genus are one of the most important genetic resources of wheat. This germplasm due to its breeding potential usually is served in wheat breeding programs. In the present study, genetic diversity among 60 accessions belonging to Ae. crassa and Ae. cylindrica were investigated using start codon targeted polymorphism (SCoT) markers. The obtained banding pattern showed that in total 171 fragments were amplified across all investigated accessions, out of which 156 were polymorphic. The average values for polymorphism information content (PIC), resolving power (Rp), and marker index (MI) indices were estimated as 0.30, 16.27, and 3.18, respectively. The results of molecular analysis of variance (AMOVA) indicated that the most portion of genetic variation was belonged to within species than between them (79% vs. 21%). Based on the genetic variation parameters, Ae. crassa species showed greater levels of genetic variation compared with Ae. cylindrica species. The results of cluster analysis based on Jaccard’s similarity matrix grouped all investigated accessions into two main groups, so that the grouping pattern was in accordance with their genomic constitution. Moreover, the results of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) confirmed the grouping pattern obtained by cluster analysis. In conclusion, our results revealed considerable efficiency of SCoT markers in grouping the studied germplasm; hence the use of this marker system could be recommended in other genetic studies.

Eggplant is a highly nutritious vegetable that is widely consumed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity between eggplant accessions from the National Plant Gene-Bank of Iran. In the first year, a preliminary evaluation was conducted using 168 accessions. Based on preliminary evaluation results, 40 accessions were selected for complementary evaluation in the second year. The evaluation was based on 23 quantitative and qualitative traits. The results of the preliminary evaluation showed statistically significant (P<0.01) differences between accessions for all traits. Fruit shape frequencies were rounded (35.89 percent), elongated (32.18 percent), oval (13.67 percent), Semi-elongated (13.15 percent), and mace-shaped (5.11 percent). In the complementary evaluation, there were significant differences between accessions for all traits. Qualitative traits such as flower color (1.56) and fruit shape (1.53) exhibited the highest genetic variation, while fruit color (0.5) showed the lowest. Cluster analysis analysis results revealed four groups for accessions and the highest (22.34) and least (0.12) genetic distances between 1 and 2 and between 7 and 21accessions, respectively. Factor analysis showed that the first three factors explained 68.06 percent of total variation in data. The first and second factors were related to yield and yield components, respectively. Also, fruit yield traits showed high heritability and there was significant genetic correlation between these traits. Therefore, high heritable and high-scoring traits in these factors should be considered when selecting progenies in segregating populations for improvement in terms of fruit yield and shape.

Wheat is the most important cereal crops; it is a stable diet for more than one third of the world population. DNA markers play the most important role in diversity due to the relative ease in their generation and elimination of the influence of environment. The objective of this research were study of genetic diversity of bread wheat cultivars using RAPD markers and efficiency of these markers in grouping and distinguishing wheat cultivars based DNA fingerprint. 

In this study 42 wheat cultivar was evaluated with using 20 RAPD markers. The amplified fragment profiles were visually scored for presence (1) and absence (0) of bands and entered in a binary matrix. 

The results showed that, RAPD primers detected 132 fragments and 88 of them (66/67%) were polymorphic. The amplified DNA fragments varied in size from <100bp to 3000bp. The number of polymorphic fragments primer ranged from 2-7 with an average of 4/4. RAPD68 and RAPD28 each whit 7 polymorphic bands showed the highest amount of polymorphism. Primer RAPD68 were able to distinguish the cultivars omid and azadi, primer OPB08 cultivars Chenab. Sepahan, Salyasonez and primers TIBMBD17 and TIBMBB09 cultivar Atrac from other cultivars. Cluster analysis using Jaccard matrix and UPGMA method was performed, wheat genotype clustered in seven distinct groups, and the genetic similarity values ranged from 0.74 to 0.94. sistan and gasparo showed the most genetic similarity (94%). Atrac, Azadi and vrinac were clustered as outliers. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) determined 1% inter group diversity and 99% intra group diversity for studied genotypes. 

The results of this research showed that there was not genetic variation among bread wheat cultivars, that can be due to the low number of primers and cultivars under investigation. Suggested to use other primers such as SSR, which shows more diversity.

This study was aimed to assess genetic variation and characterize 50 selected genotypes of Agropyron desertorum Fisch. ex Link. using agro-morphological traits and forage yield. Each genotype was clonally propagated into four clones and they were space planted in a randomized complete block design with four replications on the research farm of the Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of the Northwest and West regions, Tabriz, Iran. Data collected from March 2017 for two years. The results of the variance analysis showed significant differences among the genotypes for most of the traits (P<0.01), which indicated high variation among the studied genotypes for all the traits. Based on the mean comparison of annual forage dry matter yield over two years, the 14 genotypes with higher annual forage production (more than 350 g/plant equal to 9.8 t.h-1) and also higher seed yield (more than 40 g/plant equal to 1.12 t.h-1) were selected as the superior genotypes. Based on the cluster analysis, the 50 genotypes were divided into four clusters. The results indicated that there were significant variation and considerable distance for forage, seed yield and other traits among the studied genotypes. Thus, these genotypes could be suitable genetic sources for selecting superior parental genotypes to improve breeding composite varieties.

Iran is one of the few countries where the origin of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) in the world. About half of the pomegranate genotypes are endangered. Despite the similarity between some genotypes in terms of appearance, there are differences between anthocyanins, phytochemicals, antioxidants, etc., of them that are very much affected by the environment (especially stress) and require DNA barcoding. For this reason, more accurate molecular studies, especially DNA identification, are necessary to aid in classification, identification of the required genotype, non-incorrect naming of genotypes, and identification of cultivars. By performing this research, it is possible to reduce the volume of genotypes and eliminate duplicate and similar genotypes in Saveh pomegranate collection to reduce their maintenance and management costs. Also used to select the best plant barcode to identify, differentiate and determine the diversity of genotypes for use in breeding programs.
In this study, 58 genotypes in Saveh pomegranate collection were examined by ITS barcode region. After receiving the sequences, first all the sequences blast in the NCBI site for the accuracy of the desired area and after sure of the desired plant area (pomegranate), the quality of the sequences was measured with Chromas software and in addition to deleting the M13 sequence, the beginning and end sequences and poor-quality sequences were deleted. Then, for multiple alignments by clustalW method, bioinformatics analysis was performed using MEGA software.
The results showed that the success rate of propagation in this area by PCR was 79%. Also, the success rate of sequencing in this area was 74.68%. The GC content of this area was 64.23%. The lowest genetic distance for this region (0.005) was between the genotypes of Malls Tabas with Chatroud Shirin and the Torsh Dorag Rafsanjan with Globland Bafgh and the highest genetic distance (5.314) was between the genotypes of Gol Magasi Taft with Dane Siyah Ardestan, Poost Ghermez Zanjan, Malas Paveh, Peyvndi Ashkzar and Dane Ghermez Zavareh genotypes. The results of phylogenetic tree also showed that wild genotypes of Tamin Khash, Domezeh Bagh Malek Izeh and Dorag Malas Bajestan and Gol Magasi Taft were each in separate groups and other genotypes were in other groups.
In general, Ardestan, Khash, Gol Magasi Taft, Malas Peyvandi Ashkzar, Zanjan, Paveh, Zavareh and Ravar genotypes had the highest genetic diversity and distance with other genotypes that according to other characteristics of genotypes, they can be used as parents for breeding programs. Also, considering that this region, unlike other regions, carries both paternal and maternal genes and due to the facilitation of reproduction and the success of their sequences, was identified as a suitable region to show genetic diversity between genotypes which can be used in future research.

Objective:

Pulicaria gnaphalodes (Vent.) Boiss, known as Kak-Kosh, is a desert-adapted species that has been widely distributed throughout Iran. This plant is a source of flavonoids and terpenes that are used in traditional medicine. Considering the medicinal importance of this plant, the aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of molecular and morphological markers to separate the populations.

Materials and methods:

In this research, 20 populations of this species were collected from Kerman, Fars, Yazd and Hormozgan provinces and their genetic diversity was analyzed using 10 morphological traits and 25 ISSR primers. Sampling for genetic and morphological studies were carried out in spring and late summer, respectively.

Results:

A total of 150 ISSR marker fragments were scored and 139 bands were found to be polymorphic [the percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB): 92.67%]. The average number of effective alleles (Ne) and expected Heterozygosity (uHe) for the amplification products were 1.470 and 0.288 respectively. Both Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) and UPGMA cluster analysis supported the clustering of all the populations into two groups. Small cluster contained populations 15, 18 and 19 and other populations were placed in a large Cluster. A weak relationship was observed between genetic diversity and GIS data. The Factor Analysis (FA) results for morphological traits detected three principal components with Eigen value greater than one (reproductive, leaf area, and vegetative components), which explained 69.24% of the total variability. These three components explained 28.77, 21.05 and 19.42 percentage of variability respectively. The FA analysis separated a group from the other populations.

Conclusions:

In the present study, high levels of genetic and morphologic diversity were found between P. gnaphalodes populations. So that geographical separations have a weak effect on genetic diversity of populations. It seems that some probable factors such as perianality, self-incompatibility, pollination system, seed dispersal by wind, and gene flow could support achieving the population in a high level of genetic diversity.

Henbane has a high medicinal value due to the presence of hyoscyamine and scopolamine alkaloids. Improving the quality and quantity of henbane alkaloids using modern breeding methods requires evaluating the genetic diversity. The genetic diversity of henbane has been investigated using morphological, biochemical and molecular markers in several studies and the superiority of molecular markers over other markers has been proven. To this end, in 2018, the genetic diversity of 96 henbane genotypes collected from the habitats of northwest Iran was investigated using IRAP and REMAP molecular markers. For IRAP markers, out of 36 possible combinations obtained from eight LTR primers, seven combinations had a fine and scalable amplification. In the REMAP technique, the combination of 11 ISSR primers with eight LTR primers was used, and 12 combinations could be scored out of 88 possible combinations. The average amount of polymorphic information for IRAP and REMAP markers was 0.30 and 0.32, respectively, and the average marker index for these two markers was estimated as 2.59 and 2.47. Based on these criteria, REMAP marker was more efficient than IRAP in estimating the genetic diversity of henbane. In the analysis of molecular variance using IRAP and REMAP markers, intra-population variability was estimated to be higher than inter-population, which indicates the high diversity of these populations in northwestern Iran. Cluster analysis based on IRAP marker failed to separate species and populations, but REMAP marker was able to separate H. pusillus and H. reticulatus species to a high degree. A high shannon index in this research suggests that IRAP and REMAP retrotransposon markers resulted in a high genetic diversity within henbane populations with a high insertion in the genome of henbane populations.

Grape is one of the most important horticultural products in the world and in Iran and has a high genetic diversity. Determining the level of genetic diversity is the first step in plant breeding programs. Knowledge of genetic diversity, in addition to providing information on evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships, genetic mapping, ecological and environmental adaptations, and ultimately selecting the right parents for breeding programs, will reduce the time and cost of breeding projects. This study was performed to investigate the genetic diversity of 69 cultivars and promising genotypes of Russian grapevines with three Iranian commercial grapevine cultivars using 15 microsatellite markers (ISSR). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) samples were electrophoresed in 1.3% agarose gel. Cluster analysis with the UPGMA method was used based on the Jaccard coefficient after assigning one and zero to the presence or absence of a band in each primer for each genotype. The highest percentage of polymorphisms (100%) was related to UBC-823, UBC-825, UBC-841, UBC-846, UBC-855, and UBC-873 primers, and the lowest (66.7%) was related to UBC-817 primer. The highest and lowest levels of the polymorphic content index were observed in UBC-825 (0.487) and UBC-856 (0.216) primers, respectively. The highest and lowest levels of marker index were 2.718 and 0.904 related to UBC-889 and UBC-817 primers, respectively. The highest and lowest values of the effective multiplex ratio index were 7 and 1.33 for UBC-841 and UBC-817 primers, respectively. The highest and lowest resolving power were 8.11 and 2 for UBC-877 and UBC-841 primers, respectively. The UBC-815 and UBC-834 primers had no clear and concise bands. Overall, 73 bands were obtained from the 13 primers of the ISSR DNA marker which 64 bands were polymorphic and the total polymorphism was 88.1%. The highest and lowest numbers of bands were eight and two bands for UBC-826 and UBC-817 primers, respectively. The cluster analysis was performed by the UPGMA method based on Jaccard's coefficient of similarity, which led to the classification of 72 grape varieties with a similarity value of 0.12 to 0.89 in seven different groups. In the present study, high diversity was observed among the studied grapevine cultivars. This indicates the different geographical origins of the cultivars and genotypes under study.

Genetic diversity identification is an important step for plant breeding procedure. Triticum urartu as the A-genome donor of wheat, is a valuable source for wheat breeding due to its rich allelic diversity for important traits such as agronomic characteristics, protein quality and biotic stress tolerance. In this study, the genetic diversity and population structure of 85 T.urartu accessions collected from different geographic regions of Iran were investigated using ISSR markers. 16 ISSR primers generated 164 fragments which all were polymorphic. The average of polymorphism information content (PIC) and marker index (MI) were 0.44 and 4.53 respectively, revealed a high resolving power of ISSR primers. The dendrogram generated using the NJ algorithm based on Jaccard’s dissimilarity coefficient, classified all 85 accessions into two main groups which was confirmed by Structure analysis. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed a higher distribution of genetic diversity within populations (96%), than between them (4%) and according to the diversity indexes including number of effective alleles (Ne), Shannon’s index(I) and Nei’s gene diversity (He), there were an equal variation within seven investigated populations. The results showed a high amount of genetic variation among tested accessions, which provide further insights into conservation and future utilization of wild wheat resources. Besides, these results confirmed the efficiency of ISSR markers as reliable technique in estimating the genetic diversity and fingerprinting.

The genus of Aegilops is one of the most important wild relatives of wheat, and different species of this genus have a wide distribution in Middle East and West Asia. Knowledge about the genetic diversity of Aegilops species provides useful information which can be exploited for breeding programs of wheat. In this study, genetic diversity of 60 Agilops accessions from three different species were investigated using three different DNA markers. CBDP, SCoT and ISSR primers amplified 130, 135 and 152 polymorphic fragments respectively. The average of polymorphism information content (PIC) for CBDP, SCoT and ISSR primers were 0.37, 0.34 and 0.39 respectively indicated the efficiency and usefulness of the used primers. The neighbor-joining (NJ) based clustering using marker data, classified all 60 accessions into three main groups and the investigated accessions were clustered based on the genetic structure. The results of analysis of molecular variance based on CBDP, ISSR and SCoT data showed that the variance among populations covered 66%, 45% and 42% of total variation respectively. Besides, among all three species, Ae. triuncialis showed the maximum number of private allels indicating its unique genetic background. Our results revealed high levels of genetic diversity within all three species, showing high potential of studied germplasm for using in breeding programs. Further, our findings indicated that all three marker systems were useful techniques for evaluation of genetic diversity, however, CBDP and SCoT markers which are generated from the functional regions of the genomes, would be more useful for evaluation of genetic diversity than random or semi random PCR based markers.

The genetic resources of domestic chickens include a wide range of breeds and populations which vary greatly in body size, skin color, body weight, egg, and meat production. In the current study, to study phylogenetic relationships, genetic diversity, and inbreeding, whole-genome sequencing data of 54 chickens of a common ancestor (Red Junglefowl), native ecotypes, and commercial lines were applied. An average of 98 million short reads were processed using bioinformatics software and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were called. The genetic structure of the populations was studied using Admixture, SNPhylo software and SNPRelate package. Plink software was used to perform quality control and to calculate inbreeding. Genetic diversity in the populations was estimated using VCFtools software. The results showed that the lowest genetic distance with the common ancestor was related to Lari ecotype and the highest and lowest common SNP with Red Junglefowl was related to Arian broiler line and Leghorn laying line, respectively. Inbreeding in commercial lines (Arian and Leghorn) was more than native ecotypes. Compared to the common ancestor, higher genetic diversity was observed in native ecotypes (Lari, Khazak and Marandi, respectively) than in commercial lines. Our results indicated the importance of using markers across the genome to increase awareness of potentially harmful homozygosity and to prevent the loss of genetic diversity of native ecotypes. Genetic diversity in native ecotypes can only be maintained through organized breeding programs.

Iran is an arid and semi-arid country and more than 70% of its agricultural lands are rainfed. So far, no oilseed plant suitable for different regions of the country has been introduced. Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) is an oily-medicinal plant of the Brassicaceae family, a low-input plant, with low water-fertilizer requirements, resistant to a variety of common diseases and pathogens and suitable for cultivation in grain rotation. In this study, genetic variation of 32 doubled haploid lines of Camelina was evaluated by using 11 REMAP primers. Eight primers produced clear and scorable strips and totally, 74 bands were produced which 59 of them were polymorphic )79/72 %). IRAP1+P6 and IRAP1+P8 primers produced the lowest number of bands (4 bands) and IRAP979+P4 marker produced the most of bands (15 bands). The amount of primer polymorphism varies from 23.69% to 100% and the amount of PIC varies from 0.38 to 0.41. Clustering based on the Jaccard similarity placed the lines in six main groups. According to the principal components analysis, the first two components contributed 21.51% of the variance, which indicated the appropriate coverage of the markers at the genome level. Thus, it seems that the REMAP marker, with its high polymorphism and high distribution in the Camelina genome, is a suitable marker for investigating the genetic diversity in this plant.

Borujerd region in Lorestan province is one of the best and less known natural habitats of plantago major L. The aim of the current study is to identify its natural habitats in Borujerd region and to evaluate genetic diversity in ecotypes with ISSR molecular markers.

In this research, the genetic diversity of 23 samples from 6 populations of Plantago major L. was studied. The extracted DNA of all 23 samples was done by the kit method. 10 primers with international codes were used for PCR reaction. The presence or absence of the band was stored as a one/zero matrix in the SPSS program.

Out of the total 1632 bands produced, 200 bands (alleles) were polymorphism, which was calculated as 24% of polymorphism. The length of the generated fragments varied between 300 and 1650 bp. Primer P8 produced the most common bands with 61 bands and primer P9 produced the least common bands with 7 bands in the populations. The highest number of amplified bands was 206 bands related to P8 primer and the lowest number of produced bands was 125 bands related to P5 primer.

The results show that the ISSR genetic markers, especially the P8 primer, can be used in phylogenetic studies of leek plant. Despite its small area, Borujerd region is suitable for the growth of various ecotypes of the Plantago major L, and therefore the preservation and maintenance of this natural habitat and the propagation of different ecotypes should be considered.