جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « سرطان » در نشریات گروه « بیوتکنولوژی و ژنتیک گیاهی »

Data generation in biology and biotechnology has greatly increased in recent years due to the very rapid development of high-performance technologies. These data are obtained by studying biological molecules, such as metabolites, proteins, RNA, and DNA, to understand the role of these molecules in determining the structure, function, and dynamics of living systems. Functional genomics is a field of research that aims to characterize the function and interaction of all the major components (DNA, RNA, proteins, and metabolites, along with their modifications) that contribute to the set of observable characteristics of a cell or individual (i.e., phenotype). Furthermore, in a breeding program, genetic improvement can be maximized through accurate identification of superior animals that are selected as parents of the next generation, thereby achieving breeding goals. Artificial neural networks have been proposed to alleviate this limitation of traditional regression methods and can be used to handle nonlinear and complex data, even when the data is imprecise and noisy. Omics data can be too large and complex to handle through visual analysis or statistical correlations. This has encouraged the use of machine intelligence or artificial intelligence. The objectives of this study was to review the main applications of artificial intelligence methods in functional genomics, cancer, agriculture, domestic animals and its intertwined fields, i.e. epigenomics, transcriptomics, epitranscriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, discuss important aspects of data management, such as data integration, , cleaning, noise removal, balancing and ratio of missing data, functional genomics-system modeling, artificial intelligence and systems biology, addressing legal, ethical and economic issues related to the application of artificial intelligence methods in the field of genomics and presenting a view of possible scenarios in the future.

In this review, all the researches conducted in the field of artificial intelligence application in functional genomics, cancer, agriculture, domestic animals and its intertwined fields, i.e. epigenomics, transcriptomics, epitranscriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, were tried, focusing on the applications of recent years after Increase production of big data to be studied and used.

The studies showed that the application of artificial intelligence in all fields, including functional genomics, cancer, agriculture, domestic animals and its intertwined fields, i.e., epigenomics, transcriptomics, epitranscriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, is increasing rapidly and has many benefits.

Over the course of evolution, the immune system has finely tuned itself into a formidable defense mechanism against infectious agents. A fundamental aspect of its functionality lies in the ability to discern between self and nonself, crucial for triggering immune responses. However, cancer disrupts this equilibrium, characterized by aberrations in the DNA code that empower cells to proliferate uncontrollably while evading immune surveillance. Immunotherapy emerges as a promising avenue, seeking to train the immune system to identify and eradicate these rogue cancer cells, thereby presenting a novel strategy in the battle against cancer. Despite the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors across various advanced cancer types, the overall response rate in individuals undergoing such treatments hovers around thirty percent. Recognizing the need for advancements, recent research delves into nanoparticle-based approaches aimed at enhancing cancer therapies and vaccinations. The focus centers on developing biotechnology that employs durable artificial nanoparticles to transform cancerous cells into tumor-based Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs). This transformative process involves stimulating coexpression of costimulatory molecules and immunostimulatory cytokines. What distinguishes this nanomedicine is its capacity to induce a generalized tumor-specific and cell-mediated immune response without assuming specific antigens expressed by tumors. This innovation holds tremendous potential for advancement in translational medicine, offering a versatile and adaptive solution to the challenges posed by cancer immunotherapies. By leveraging the capabilities of artificial nanoparticles, researchers aspire to elevate the efficacy of cancer treatments and propel the field towards a new era of more targeted and potent interventions. In conclusion, the intricate interplay between the immune system and cancer underscores the necessity for innovative therapeutic approaches. The exploration of nanoparticle-based strategies represents a frontier in cancer research, holding the promise of refining immunotherapies and ushering in a new era of precision medicine for the benefit of patients grappling with this complex and formidable disease.

Cervical cancer is an important cause of female mortality worldwide. The results obtained so far indicate the involvement of bioactive peptides in cancer treatment. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to investigate the anticancer properties of HL-7 peptide through changes in Fas, caspase 8 and caspase 3 geneexpression. In this study, the viability of cervical cancer cells treated with HL-7 peptide at two concentrations of 45 and 60 μM at two times of 12 and 24 hours was investigated using MTT assay. Also, the expression of Fas, caspase 8 and caspase 3 genes was measured at mRNA and protein levels, respectively, using Real-Time PCR and Western Blot methods. Finally, the activity level of caspase 3 and caspase 8 was checked through ELISA test. The results showed that the viability of cancer cells treated with HL-7 peptide decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner (p<0.05). By increasing the concentration of HL-7 peptide from 45 to 60 μM, significantly, the expression of Fas, caspase 8 and 3 genes increased in mRNA and protein levels (p<0.05). The results of the ELISA test showed that the activity of caspase 8 and caspase 3 significantly increased in Hela cancer cells treated with HL-7 peptide compared to untreated cancer cells (p<0.05). It seems that HL-7 peptide is able to eliminate cervical cancer cells by regulating the expression of genes involved in the extrinsic apoptosis signaling pathway. At the same time, more studies on molecular targets are suggested to confirm the anticancer properties of HL-7 peptide.

The objective of the present study was to identify volatile compounds and investigate the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer effects of Tribulus longipetalus Viv.
In this research, the Tribulus longipetalus Viv, which is an annual herbaceous plant, has many branches, lies on the ground, and has stems with soft hairs. The geographical spread of this plant is in the long sand dunes of Aran and Bidgol deserts. Biological properties, including free radical scavenging activity, total amount of phenolic compounds, antimicrobial properties and cytotoxic properties were investigated. Since the whole plant extract showed a high level of inhibition in the saltwater shrimp cell toxicity test (nearly 70 μg/liter), in order to obtain the effective components, solvent extraction using a decanter funnel was on the agenda. The three obtained components of hexane, ethyl acetate and water were analyzed separately. Also, by using a polystyrene divinylbenzene chromatography column, the effective component with higher inhibition ability was isolated. Among the effective components, except ethyl acetate, it had a relatively high inhibitory power, which was identified with the help of Hplc device.
Comparing the antimicrobial power of Tribulus longipetalusViv with antibiotics, showed that this plant has good antimicrobial properties. Also, considering that LC50 was determined as 70 μg/ml. This value indicates the good cytotoxic power of Tribulus longipetalus Viv.

Black cumin is one of the most important native medicinal plants of Iran, which the seeds of this plant are used in the diet and have no side effects for human. Previous studies have shown the medicinal effect of this plant in various fields, but so far, no study has been done on the anti-cancer effect of the seeds of this plant. In this study, the anti-cancer effect of cumin seed extract on MCF-7 breast cancer cells was investigated. Firstly, the analysis of important pathways and genes affected by phytochemical inhibitors in the treatment of cancer was identified by text-mining. After extracting cumin seeds, the viability of MCF-7 cells treated with different concentrations of the extract were investigated using the Neutral Red method. Then flowcytometry technique was used to evaluate the effect of the extract on the apoptotic process. Finally, the expression of several important genes obtained from text-mining analysis was evaluated using real-time PCR. The effect of the extract on cell viability was dependent on the concentration. Black cumin seed extract at a dose of 160 μg/ml reduced cell viability by 50% in MCF-7 cells. Treated with black cumin extract, the genes obtained from text-mining analysis showed a change that could have a positive effect on cancer treatment. The present study showed for the first time that black cumin seed extract can induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cancer cells.

In this research, nanoparticles were synthesized by two methods of hemolipation and precipitation-reduction under optimal conditions. Using X-Ray Diffraction and Fourier Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) tests, the optimal conditions for nanoparticle synthesis were determined by sediment-reduction method. Finally, by analyzing the images taken by electron microscopy from two samples, the average size of magnetite nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation method was measured at 39nm and by sediment-reduction method at 4/5nm. By plotting the particle size distribution, in the co-precipitation method, the particle size distribution of nanoparticles was relatively wide and in the sediment-reduction method, the relatively narrow particle size distribution was obtained. Finally, by comparing the average size, distribution, particle size and morphology of nanoparticles synthesized by the two methods mentioned, magnetite nanoparticles synthesized by sediment-reduction method are proposed for drug delivery applications.

This is a research study involving experiments and reviewing library studies on controlled drug delivery systems. After conducting library studies and obtaining sufficient information, laboratory tests of this study were performed.

With the creation of particle systems, new properties were introduced into drugs that did not exist before. The use of nanoparticles has led to its optimization and has created features such as therapeutic target, improved cell permeability, longer life, etc. that were not previously available in conventional drugs. Nanoparticles synthesized by the deposition-reduction method, which are more synthetic than the co-precipitation method, have a higher purity, a much smaller particle size, and a narrower particle size distribution. Due to the fact that magnetite nanoparticles in sizes below 15 nm show the properties of paramagnetic cloud and also nanoparticles suitable for pharmaceutical applications should have a uniform distribution of particle size, nanoparticles synthesized by sediment-reduction method are recommended for drug delivery applications.

Due to the fact that magnetite nanoparticles in sizes below 15 nm show superparamagnetic properties and also nanoparticles suitable for pharmaceutical applications should have a uniform distribution of particle size, nanoparticles synthesized by sedimentary-reduction method for drug delivery applications are recommended.

Microsystemin is a brain heptapide that is known as the most abundant cyanotoxin produced in the world's most extensive distribution, and is the most commonly produced hepatotoxin produced by cyanobacteria. This complication affects vertebrate cells, and thus the cyanotoxins are limited to limbs, which, like the liver, express and transport anionic organic carriers on their cells. In this study, the expression of BAX and BCL2 genes in the HepG2 cell line under the influence of Microsystemin was investigated using Real-TimePCR, so that it can be studied further by studying the mechanism and its effect as an appropriate target for treatment. Liver cancer. At first, HepG2 Cell Cell Passage was performed, then MTTassay test was performed. Next, RNA extraction and CDNA extraction were used and the RNA sample was purified from the nanotypic spectrophotometer, then the specific and suitable primers for the desired gene were designed And synthesized and using the Real-Time PCR, the expression of Bax and BCL2 genes was measured The BAX gene was expanded as a pro-apoptosis, and the more hepG2 was exposed to venom, the higher the expression of BAX, and the expression of BCL2 decreased, and in this case the cell went to apoptosis

A major part of the gene-expression products has composed by non-coding protein-binding ribonucleotide sequences including short and long RNA molecules ranged in ten to hundreds which more than 200 nucleotides are called “long non-coding protein RNA, or lncRNA”. LncRNAs act important roles in some cellular processes by their special molecular structure. Purposes of this study were to evaluate the function of regulator LncRNAs as a major component in intracellular processes and regulating gene expression at different epigenetic levels, transcription, and post-transcription. We also aimed to evaluate the function of LncRNAs in development of the central nervous system, increase or decrease of their expression in some disease like cancer and their roles in some animal diseases. Many modern technologies and advanced bioinformatics methods have been developed to identify LncRNA molecules. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of the lncRNA field, discussing what is known about the genomic contexts, biological functions, and mechanisms of action of lncRNAs.Although there are several online databases to facilitate researches and share scientific information related to these molecules. Therefore, it is expected that studying on this particular type of RNAs to find out their functional and regulatory roles is increasing; and there is still a great deal of space for developing researches in human and animal diseases. There are hopes that more perspectives to find out therapies for many types of diseases, especially those with no definitive treatment. In addition, we wish to obtain significant advances in genetics and livestock breeding by finding new functional and regulatory roles of LncRNAs in animal productive traits.

Bleomycin is a drug commonly used in cancer treatment drug that may have many complications such as pulmonary fibrosis, anemia, rash, etc.. Animal studies have shown that niacin plays an important role in reducing the effects of bleomycin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of niacin to reduce the side effects of bleomycin in human models.

Of the 20 patients treated with bleomycin, the consent and divide into two groups and treated with bleomycin and the second group received placebo group, niacin is given in combination with bleomycin and the results of which were recorded and analyzed with SPSS software by t-test and one-way ANOVA methods.

Considering that the number of men and women studied was equal in both groups (5 male and 5 female) gender-matched individuals Selection (maching) and therefore results in tables and graphs is not. Patients treated between 77-25 years of age and the average age was 43 years. Patients who were treated with bleomycin were mostly Hodgkin's lymphoma. In the case of testicular cancer in 2 patients in the control 1group and the experimental group 1 Patient. Findings on the frequency of patients according to disease history shows that the resolutions of the disease an average of 5 months in the control group and the treatment group was 5 months.

The results show that niacin can recover bleomycin side effects of cancer treatment in different aspects, including skin reactions, fatigue and drowsiness, , hair loss.

Pests are considered as one of the most important constraints that cause production loss. Although use of pesticides is the most common solution nowadays for pest control in agriculture, this approach has many harmful effects for human health and the environment. Up to now, almost 50 lung cancers provoked by agricultural pesticides have been recognized. Furthermore, pesticide residues can remain in the soil for a long time and can represent a threat for microbial life and can be absorbed through the root system of plants and enter the human food chain. Although strategies like organic agriculture or integrated pest management have been promulgated, the correct use of pesticides is far from having been achieved. However, new technologies like genetic engineering can help overcome the problem of yield loss while still providing healthy GM food with no pesticide residue. Since the first cultivation of GM crops, 18 years have now passed and GM crops have gained significant public acceptance among farmers and consumers. In this review, disadvantages of pesticides on human health (especially cancer) and environment will be discussed.

Many patients with cancer have multiple symptoms affecting their sense of well-being and their physical and social performance that will be reduced quality of life and increased their unfavorable outcome. The purpose was to evaluate the quality of life (QOL) and effective factors in Iranian cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

This cross-sectional analytical study including118 cancer patients who underwent chemotherapy at Qom chemotherapy Center and had inclusion criteria, that completed an Iranian version of the brief form of the WHOQOL assessment instrument and a demographic checklist. Data were analysed using SPSS-PC software, descriptive analysis, independent sample t-tests, one way ANOVA models, Tukey’s Post Hoc test and linear regression.

Most patients had a relatively average level of overall QOL. QOL scores were low in older and less educated patients, but these scores were not affected by the marital status or types of cancer. No significant regression was observed between duration of disease and treatment and mean QOL scores.

Overall, patients in the present study had a relatively average level of global QOL that could be the impact of religious beliefs or family support on their quality of life. The results emphasize that older and less educated patients have lower QOL scores. These patients may require a greater level of support and education to improve their QOL.

CTCF is a highly conserved DNA-binding protein involved in transcription regulation, chromatin insulation, genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation, higher-order chromatin organization, and alternative splicing. These multifunctional properties of CTCF suggest an essential role in development and disease. CTCF is unique protein that known to mediate insulation function in vertebrates. Recent studies proposed that CTCF can be a heritable component in epigenetic and regulating the interaction between DNA methylation, higher-order chromatin structure, and developmentally regulated gene expression. In this review, we discuss roles of CTCF in these critical aspects of genome regulation. All information indicates that CTCF can emerge as a master weaver of the mammalian genome.

With the completion of the Human Genome Project, the list of the genes needed to produce a perfect human was completed. Of equal importance is a second system that cells use to determine when and where a particular gene will be expressed during development. However, the situation is far more complex than a simple catalogue of genes. Classical genetics alone cannot explain the existing diversity of phenotype. The concept of epigenetic offers an explanation and description of these phenomena. The best-known epigenetic marker is DNA methylation. In human, DNA methylation occurs at the C-5' position of cytosine within the CpG (5'-CG-3') dinucleotide. Methylation of DNA plays a pivotal role in the control of gene activity and nuclear architecture. Aberrant DNA methylation (Genomic global hypomethylation and region-specific hypermethylation) is frequently observed in aging and especially in the tumorgenesis. Today, epigenetic researches are focused on studying and increasing understanding of the mysteries and ambiguities in the complex biological processes like cancer and aging. Recent studies have shown that dietary factors can modulate DNA methylation and thereby contribute to aging and tumorgenesis. Thus, DNA methylation provides an important common link between aging, cancer and nutrition.