جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "biosafety" در نشریات گروه "بیوتکنولوژی و ژنتیک گیاهی"

Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan, 1889) (Hem.: Diaspididae) is one of the most important citrus pests. Since weather conditions in the north of Iran are suitable for this pest, it infects the entire regions in a short period. Various pesticides are widely used to control this pest. These toxins have an adverse effect on human health, ecosystem and reduce the population of natural enemies of pests. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Thiamthoxam (Actamia 24% SC) at 0.5, 0.75, Spirotetramat (Movento 100% SC) at 1 per 1000, and Chlorpyrifos (Dorsban 48% SC) at 2 per thousand pesticides on different developmental stages of C. dictyospermi and its biological control agent Chilocorus bipustulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Col.: Coccinellidae) in Gilan and Golestan, Iran. In this research, a new formulation of thiamethoxam pesticide named Actamia was used. The results showed that in both provinces, the highest efficiency is related to Actamia and Spirotetramat insecticides with a dose of 1 per 1000 after 14 days. Moreover, the studies showed that these compounds have the most negative effects on C. bipustulatus, and the most important natural enemy of this pest.

Risk assessment for a transgene is one of the key steps in the genetic transformation. In order to use cryIAc gene in production of transgenic plants, a library and in-silico research was performed to confirm the safety of the gene product for human consumption, animal feed and the environment. In the first step, the molecular mechanism of action of the CryIAc protein and its specific receptors in the midgut cells of the target organism was explored. Digestibility of the protein in the stomach and intestine liquids have been investigated based on the peer reviewed documents. It was demonstrated that the CryIAc protein could be completely digested in the stomach liquid of vertebrates, especially mammalians including the human. It was shown that addition of the pure protein into the animal diets did not result to any abnormalities in the growth pattern and also blood histochemistry of the experimental animals. Also, whole plant assays using the different diets contained the transgenic and non-transgenic plant materials in different experimental animals was discussed. These experiments did not result to any differences between the groups. Possibility of the toxic effect of the CryIAc protein was investigated via in-silico tools. The results did not show any similarity between the known toxic protein and the CryIAc protein. Allergenicity of the CryIAc protein was assessed in-silico in different ways. It was proven that there were any similarities between the protein and the other known allergens. At the end, the persistency of the CryIAc protein in the soil was explored. Since the different experiments on exposure of the pure protein or the transgenic plant tissues into the environment proved that the CryIAc protein is degraded easily in the soil, it could be concluded that the CryIAc protein is an environmental friendly protein. Eventually, the final conclusion is that the CryIAc protein is a safe protein for human consumption, animal use and the environment, and could be used safely in genetic engineering programs.

Using genetic engineering for gene transformation through crossable species is known as Cisgenesis and Intragenesis. These two technologies have been developed to respond to the considerations expressed in relation to Transgenesis. These technologies have technical limitations compared with Transgenesis. In these technologies, it is not possible to transfer a gene to the recipient organism from species that their crosses are rare in nature. Cisgenesis and intragenesis are different in some aspects such as the removal of introns and the selection of promoters and terminators from other genes. These restrictions have been met in comparison to transgenesis, in the hope of exempting from biosafety regulations. The issue of reduced biosafety evaluations of these technologies has been debated in various countries. Some countries accepting the reduced biosafety evaluations and others rejecting it for some reasons. Considering that definition of Living Modified Organisms (LMOs) produced in Cisgenesis and Intragenesis such as transgenesis is in full compliance with the definition of LMOs in Cartagena Biosafety Protocol, products of these technologies would not be exempted from Biosafety regulations in international level. In addition, several studies have shown that gene transfer from distant species is possible in nature, and also some other concerns remained unanswered, exempting these products from biosafety regulations is not advisable.

The level and stability of transgene expression can be influenced by factors such as structure of expression cassette, integration pattern and locus structure. The structure of transgene locus is important in its expression mechanisms. The aim of this experiment was to characterize the cry1Ab transgene locus structure in a transgenic rice (Oryza sativa, cultivar Tarom Molaii). This transgenic rice, co-transformed with two different plasmids (pCIB4421 and pChitIHygII), had a simple integration pattern and stable expression over several generations. In order to characterize the cry1Ab transgene locus stracture, the exact insertion site was identified using specific primers corresponding to 3´ and 5´ ends of ampR gene, 3´ end of cry1Ab gene and 5´ end of PEPC promoter on pCIB4421 plasmid. Then, DNA sequences of the flanking insertion sites were amplified using two methods of one-side PCR including TAIL-PCR and Splinkerette PCR. Sequencing of the PCR products and bioinformatics analysis revealed that pCIB4421 plasmid break for insertion was 148 bp after 3´ end of ampR gene. A fragment corresponding to 1499bp downstream sequences and 311 bp upstream of insertion site were isolated. BLAST search was performed against the pCIB4421, the pChitIHygII and Oryza sativa genome. Downstream sequences of the insertion site was scrambled fragments of delivered DNA and rice genome, however the upstream of the insertion site was non-continuous fragments of the delivered DNA.

Classic plant breeding has increased the beauty and utility of ornamental plants, but through the application of biotechnology completely new traits could be developed in plants. Creation of blue color petal in carnation and rose are examples demonstrating the optional of biotechnology in creating novel traits out of the scope of the conventional hybridization. Application of genetic engineering in ornamental plants is not limited to changes in color. Resistance to pests and diseases, enhancement of flowering, extended cut flowers life and modification of flower structure are examples of other important traits that could be modified using modern biotechnology. It is predicted that genetic engineering will revolutionize ornamental plants industry in the future. With the introduction of any new technologies, concerns are raised about their safe use and deployment. Concerns have also been raised about the possible negative impacts of commercialization of genetically modified (GM) ornamental plants on the ecosystem. The concerns have several different origins and providing responses to these concerns and not addressing them is the main objective of this paper. This article considers GM ornamental plants in the context of current ecological risk assessment principles, research results achieved, and current regulatory frameworks.This article can be very useful for biotechnologists, biosafety specialists, and authorities concerned.

this study was carried out to detect the presence of genetically modified maize in imported into Iran using molecular approaches. Five samples of imported maize from Argentina in the second half of 2010 were obtained from Bandar Imam Khomeini custom. Using specific primers for CaMV 35S promoter and nos terminator, PCR was performed. In this study Invertase gene of maize was used as internal control. The results showed that maize samples imported from Argentina were genetically modified and they have regulatory regions of CaMV 35S and nos in their genome. The shipment was not labled and there was no indication in the accompanying documents that the shipment “may contain living modified organisms”.