جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « cicer arietinum » در نشریات گروه « بیوتکنولوژی و ژنتیک گیاهی »

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is one of the most important legumes, classified as a cold-sensitive species, and each year, the sudden drop in temperature leads to a significant loss of chickpea yield. miRNAs are highly conserved small noncoding RNAs that regulate expression of their target genes by degradation of their mRNAs or suppressing their translation, and their roles have been proved in cold stress response in various plants. In the current study, in order to identify cold stress responsive miRNAs in chickpeas, following transcriptome sequencing of a cold stress tolerant cultivar (Saral) and a cold stress sensitive line (ILC533) in response to cold stress, the sequences of the cold responsive genes were analyzed by c-mii software to identify possible miRNAs. Then, the target genes of a number of important miRNAs were identified using psRNA target software. The results showed that 30 and 20 miRNAs responded to cold stress in the tolerant and sensitive genotypes, respectively. Through comparative analysis of cold responsive miRNAs in the contrasting genotypes, miR319, miR393, miR394 and miR159 were demonstrated as candidate miRNAs involved in cold tolerance and their roles was further inspected. It is hoped that the obtained results will be useful for development of cold tolerant chickpea cultivars.

Cotton boll worm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important polyphagous pest throughout the world. Due to the adverse effects of chemical pesticides, alpha-amylase enzyme inhibitors in insects have been noticed as an alternative method for the pest management programs. In this project, whole gut of the fourth instar larva was dissected and the enzyme extract was pulled out. After removing seed protein extracts of Prosopis farcta and Cicer arietinum by sodium chloride 0.1 M, the effect of four different concentrations of both seed extracts (1.48, 1.2, 0.87 and 0.42 μg) were studied on alpha-amylase activity of boll worm. According to the data, the protein extract of P. farcta had greater ability to inhibit cotton boll worm amylase. Enzyme assays in the presence of different concentrations of C. arietinum and P. farcta extracts showed enzyme inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. The maximum enzyme inhibition was in pH 9. Zymogram analysis confirmed quantitative enzyme assay and showed a sharp reduction in the band thickness during the amylase inhibition. Consequently, the seeds of both P. farcta and C. arietinum, had the potential to be considered as effective and important sources of alpha-amylase inhibitors and noticed as substitutes for chemical pesticides in the near future.

The effects of drought stress and potassium application on yield and yield components of chickpea were studied in Northwest of Miyaneh city. The experiment was carried out as factorial based on a randomized complete block design. The experimental factors were irrigation at four levels (0, 50, 75, and 100% of chickpea plant water requirement) and potassium sulfate fertilizer application at two levels (0 and 100 kg.ha-1). The recorded characteristics were number of lateral branches, days to ripening, pod numbers per plant, biomass, thousand kernel weight, yield and harvest index. Irrigation treatments had significantly different effects on potassium fertilizer use efficiency. The highest fertilizer use efficiency was observed at 75 and 100% plant water requirement levels. The number of lateral branches, number of pods per plant, biomass, yield and harvest index were decreased by irrigation levels decrement. The most pod number per plant, grain yield and harvest index were obtained in 100% water consumption along with potassium fertilizer application. The lowest values of the mentioned characteristics were observed in non-irrigated and no potassium application. The yield and biomass in fertilizer application and 100% irrigation were 69.12 and 33.11% more than non potassium and non-irrigation treatments, respectively. The application of potassium slightly compensated the negative effect of drought stress on yield.