جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "nitrogen" در نشریات گروه "بیوتکنولوژی و ژنتیک گیاهی"

Soybean, one of the most important sources of edible oil and protein in the world, is exposed to various environmental biotic and abiotic stresses. These stresses can negatively impact the quality and quantity of soybean production. This study aimed to identify genes that express circular RNAs in response to low phosphorus and nitrogen stresses in soybean roots. Soybean seeds were grown under different low phosphorus and nitrogen treatments, and sampling was done from the root tissues for total RNA isolation. After measuring the quality and quantity of the isolated RNA, samples were sequenced using next-generation sequencing. After obtaining the sequencing data, the quality of RNA-seq data measured, and then circular RNAs were identified and characterized using five different programs. Finally, to identify the expression pattern and putative function of circular RNAs, differential expression analysis and functional analysis of circular RNAs’ parent genes was done using bioinformatics approaches. RNA-seq experiment produced more than 360 million reads, and in total, 2033 circular RNAs were identified in all treatments. Although some circular RNAs were co-expressed in two or more treatments, most of the circular RNAs had a stress-responsive expression. Our results were revealed that circular RNAs may play their roles by binding to their target molecules. Identified genes can be used in plant breeding programs for producing tolerant soybean cultivars to low phosphorus and nitrogen stresses.

In order to investigate the application of chemical and biological fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative traits of peppermint plant a split plots in time with two factors in experiment randomized complete blocks design with four replications conducted in research farm of the University Campus and Natural Resources Tehran (Karaj), was implemented in 2019. The first factor of chemical and biological fertilizer treatment at 13 levels (A1= nitroxin fertilizer (5kg/ha), A2= nitroxin fertilizer (10kg/ha), B1=supernitroplus fertilizer (5kg/ha), B2= supernitroplus fertilizer (10kg/ha) ), C1=biosulfur fertilizer (5kg/ha), C2=biosulfur fertilizer (10kg/ha), D1=superphosphate fertilizer (5kg/ha), D2= superphosphate fertilizer (10kg / ha), E1= urea fertilizer (75kg/ha) ), E2= urea fertilizer (100kg /ha), F1= iron fertilizer (1kg/ ha), F2 = iron fertilizer (1.5 kg/ha), S=control (without fertilizer), and the second factor was harvest time in two cutting times. The experimental results showed that application of biochemical fertilizers significantly increased all quantitative and qualitative traits (height, length and number of inflorescences, wet and dry yield, leaf area, percentage and yield) of essence plant significantly 1% probability level. Treatment of biochemical fertilizers improved the quantitative and qualitative traits of peppermint compared to the control treatment (without fertilizer). The tallest height, length and number of inflorescences, wet and dry yield, leaf area, percentage of essential oil in the first harvest obtained in nitroxin biofertilizer treatments at 10 kg/ha and urea chemical fertilizer at 100 kg / ha. Also, the highest amount of the above traits in the second harvest was related to nitroxin biofertilizer at the rate of 10 kg/ha. The lowest amount of all quantitative and qualitative traits of peppermint obtained in the first and second harvests in the control treatment (without fertilizer).

The expression of nitrogen and ammonium transfer genes in wheat roots in response to drought stress is mainly unknown. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the expression of nitrogen transfer genes (TaNRT1.1) and ammonium transfer genes (TaAMT2.1) in wheat roots in response to drought stress under limited nitrogen conditions (no nitrogen added) and sufficient nitrogen (0/3 g nitrogen per kg soil). Three genotypes (Gonbad, Morvarid and Falat) were used and water stress was applied in the vegetative stage of wheat growth. The expression of genes was determined using real-time PCR technique. The results showed that with application of N fertilizer, shoot dry weight, root and nitrogen content increased significantly under N application conditions and similar conditions were observed for drought treatments under complete irrigation conditions. Due to the different response of cultivars to the expression of the studied genes, cultivars had different responses in terms of gene expression. Generally, expression of both genes under nitrogen application was increased in line with nitrogen supply and in Pearl and Plateau cultivars expression of these genes was increased under drought stress and N application was higher. In general, Pearl cultivar was better for all traits under drought and nitrogen deficiency treatments.

Inappropriate management of nitrogen affects rice yield and the intensity of disease and pest dispersion and lowers recovery efficiency (RE) in a way that it does not exceed 50%. The chlorophyll meter (SPAD) and leaf colour chart (LCC) are simple, portable diagnostic tools that can measure the N status in situ in rice fields to determine the time of N fertilizer consumption and can be used to effectively manage the fertilizer. To examine the effect of different N fertilizer managements on increasing the efficiency of fertilizer yield in Tarem rice cultivar, an experiment was carried out in Rice Research Station in Amol following a Randomized Complete Block Design with eight treatments and three replications. The treatments included a zero-N control, two splits, and chlorophyll meter 35, 37, 40, LCC 4 and 5. The results showed that LCC 4 and chlorophyll meter 35 were the best management strategy for N fertilizer consumption in Tarem cultivar due to their higher relative yield and physiological, recycling, and agricultural efficiency. Therefore, when N fertilizer is used in plant’s real need time (drawing on SPAD and LCC instruments), unnecessary consumption of fertilizers by farmers can be avoided.

Alkali stress influences plant physiology at cellular and total levels through disturbing its ionic balance. In this study, the effects of different acidity (pH) treatments of irrigation water, in the alkalinity range, on the availability of the nutrients, nitrogen, and bicarbonate in the Nitrariaschoberi were investigated in the form of a completely randomized design. The design includedfive treatments (each treatment withfourreplications): control (pH7.2)and four levels of stress; that is, low alkalinity(LAK, pH8.5),moderate alkalinity (MAK, pH 9),high alkalinity(HAK, pH9.5), and strongly alkaline (SAK, pH 10). Data were analyzed using Minitab software (version 16), one-way ANOVA, and Tukey test at P

Two hydroponic trials were conducted under controlled conditions to study the effect of sodium chloride salinity and nitrogen supply on two sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars. A factorial experiment in completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 replications was carried out. The first factor included sunflower cultivars (i.e.,Alstar&Euroflore). The second and third factors (i.e., salinity & nitrogen levels) were established as 0, 50, 100, and 150 mM of NaCl and 0, 2, and 4 mM of NH4NO3, respectively. The sunflower cultivars were grown in aerated full-strength Hoagland solution. Salt and nitrogen treatments were added to the Hoagland solution jars at 2-leaves stage. After four weeks, the plants were harvested. The growth parameters including fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots, leaf number, leaf area, and the mineral elements including N, P, K and Na contents were determined. The results of variance analysis indicated that the growth parameters of the two sunflower cultivars decreased significantly with increasing the salinity levels, as compared to the untreated controls. It was observed that the low nitrogen level could ameliorate the effectsof different levels of salinity. In both sunflower cultivars, nitrogen and Sodium contents were increased in the roots with an increase in the salinity and nitrogen levels. Shoot potassium and phosphorus contents were decreased in Alstar and increased in Euroflor cultivars.

In an attempt to study the effect of different amounts of zeolite and nitrogen on the agronomic traits of sunflower at different planting dates, a factorial experiment with three replications was carried out in a randomized complete-block design in Qazvin Agricultural Research Station in 2011. The experiment factors included: three planting dates (D1: 5 May, D2: 20 May, and D3: 4 June, 2011), three levels of nitrogen (N1: 50 kg/ha, N2: 75 kg/ha, and N3: 100 kg/ha), and two levels of zeolite (Z1: 0 t/ha and Z2: 10 t/ha). Farrokh cultivar was planted in this design. The analyzed traits in the experiment included the economic yield of the seed, the biological yield, oil yield, and the harvest index. The results indicated that the highest seed yield (3188 kg/ha) belonged to the first planting date with 100 kg/ha nitrogen and 10 t/ha zeolite and the lowest seed yield (740 kg/ha) related to the third planting date with 50 kg/ha nitrogen in the absence of zeolite. The highest harvest index (22/96 %) was obtained from the first planting date.

The studies are needed to investigate the impact of these factors on crop yield and it requires a lot of time and cost. In recent years the agriculture production simulator models such as APSIM for irrigation management and fertilizer are used. These models taking into account several factors such as water management, physical and chemical properties of soil, water and nitrogen in the soil profile that can play an important role in modern agriculture. APSIM simulation model (Agricultural Production Systems Simulator) was first calibrated and validated using field data in 1392 and 1393. These data are including four irrigation levels 20 % more irrigation, equal to crop irrigation requirement, 20% and 40% less than irrigation requirement of maize and nitrogen fertilizer treatments are included 300, 150 and zero kg/ha. The cultivar of maize was hybrid SC704 of the late maturing type of corn varieties under furrows irrigation. APSIM simulation model was evaluated for predicting Maize yield, moisture and nitrogen of soil and by comparing simulated values with the measured data the validity of the model was confirmed. The maximum yield of maize was estimated 14593 kg/ha for irrigation and nitrogen amounts of 1400 mm and 450 kg/ha respectively. Comparing the results of simulation with measured data showed the relative average error (RAE) of soil moisture was in the range of 2-18% and RAE of soil nitrogen was 4-14%.

In order to study the response of soil properties and sweet corn traits to different levels of organic and chemical fertilizers of nitrogen, a greenhouse-laboratory research was carried out as factorial based on a completely randomized design with three replications in Miyaneh Branch, Islamid Azad University. Experimental factors included poultry manure at three levels (0, 20 and 30 ton.ha-1) and nitrogen fertilizer at three levels (0, 100 and 200 kg.ha-1 from urea source). Results showed that application of poultry manure in soil increased soil pH, EC and organic carbon. Also, it had a significant effect on chlorophyll content, plant height and leaf area of sweet corn plants. Application of 20 and 30 ton.ha-1 poultry manure resulted in higher values of the studied traits. However, there was no significant differences between 20 and 30 ton.ha-1 poultry manure in most cases and so, application of 20 ton.ha-1 poultry manure was enough for achieving optimal sweet corn growth in greenhouse. According to the results, combined application of 20 ton.ha-1 poultry manure and 100 kg.ha-1 nitrogen from urea source could be recommended for optimum nitrogen supplying in sweet corn cropping system.

In Iran, soybean (Glycin max L.) is usually grown in Golestan and Mazandaran provinces due to its special ecological demands. About 60,000 to 70,000 hectares of the lands in Golestan province are used to cultivate this crop each year. Given that the identification of factors that improve the agronomic conditions can be influential in improving the production of this oil crop, a split-plot experiment including two factors and 12 treatments was carried out with four replications. It followed a randomized complete blocks design and was conducted in Ali Abad Katool region (Kamalan Zone) in 2010. The main factor included the planting date at six levels (2th, 12st, and 22nd of July and 1st, 11th, and 21st of August) and the second factor included nitrogen fertilizer at 2 levels (0 and 25 kg/ha pure nitrogen). The results indicated that the number of healthy pods in the whole plant, the main stem, and the secondary branch was influenced by the planting date. The 2nd of July was the best planting date in comparison to the other times due to the average grain yield amounting to 3941 kg per hectare. In addition, nitrogen had a significant positive effect on grain yield. The results revealed that all the traits except for the number of seeds per pod decreased with a delay in cultivation. The interaction effect of the planting date and nitrogen was significant for the total number of healthy pods in the whole plant, the main stem, and the secondary branches. Generally speaking, considering the best time of cultivation can improve grain yield due to its appropriate growth period and an increase in yield component. In addition, applying nitrogen fertilizer, at least one time, can have a positive effect on soybean grain yield.

Nitrogen fertilizers play a significant role in enhancing crop yield, shoot development, and metabolites production by increasing photosynthesis levels. The present study explores the effect of nitrogen on dry matter yield of a medicinal plant, i.e. lavender (Lavandula officinalis L.). For so doing, an experiment was carried out with four replications, following a randomized complete block design, in the research field of Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e Rey. Different traits such as dry and wet weights of shoot, dry weights of leaf and stem, plant height, stem diameter, and the number of branches were treated using six different treatments including: control, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 kg nitrogen per hectare as urea resource. The results indicated that different amounts of nitrogen significantly affected all of the traits. An increase in the amount of nitrogen per hectare resulted in an increase in the traits under study in a way that two of the treatments, i.e. 150 and 180 kg nitrogen per hectare, resulted in the highest dry and wet weights in shoot and dry weights of leaf and stem.

A filed experiment was conducted to determine the effects of urea starter fertilizer and post emergence herbicide effects on weed interference in early season cotton production and some agronomic traits of cotton plants in Gorgan region (northeast Iran) in 2008. Experiment was carried out as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. First factor was weed management at four levels including early post emergence application of Methazole + Envoc in early cotton growth, late post emergence application of Methazole + Envoc in 15-20 cm cotton plant height period, early hand weeding and late hand weeding in cotton growth season, and four levels of starter fertilizer as the second factor were 0, 50, 100 and 150 percent of recommended dosage of urea starter fertilizer (175 kg.ha-1), respectively. Planted cotton cultivar was Siokra, one of commercial verities in Golestan province. Late hand weeding and late herbicide application resulted in the highest amounts of whole weed biomass 10 day after weed control (W1) and a month after weed control (W2). Increasing urea starter fertilizer level increased weed biomass 10 day after weed control, but decreased it a month after weed control.

To study of the effects of different values of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on application of silage corn, a test was done in culturing year 2008-2009 as split plot in randomized complete blocks design with 3 replications in agriculture research station biokola (Neka). The main factor for irrigation interval in four levels were (I1, I2, I3 and I4 with the order of 75, 100, 125 and 150mm aggregation evaporation from class A evaporation pan) and sub factor nitrogen (0, 96 and 184 kg purred nitrogen). The results showed that the minimum yield of dried silage and yield of wet silage achieved in each hectare for irrigation interval with 150mm evaporation aggregation evaporation from class A evaporation pan (76.9 and 57.58 T/ha). The maximum yield of wet silage in hectare and efficiency of water consumption of dried material obtained from irrigation interval 125mm (79.200 in each hectare and 18.19 kg/mg). The maximum biologic yield of water consumption and water efficiency consumption obtained under treatments of irrigation interval 125 and 150mm evaporation from class an evaporation pan (32.11 and 13.91 kg/mg). Bush height, yield of dried silage, corn length, yield of wet silage in hectare, water consumption efficiency, water consumption efficiency of dried material, and water percent than to dried weight and water consumption efficiency with consumption 184 kg nitrogen in hectare was the highest rate. The maximum efficiency of water consumption with 150mm from class A evaporation pan with consumption 184 kg nitrogen in hectare (13.91 kg/mg) obtained while dried water with 75mm evaporation from class A pan obtained with identical nitrogen value (28.700 T/ha).

The experiments on Olive plants (Olea europaea L varManzanillo) were done for 4 months and the effect of different formd of Nitrogen (NO3- NH4 and urea) was carried out on factorial on the base of complete randomized blocks design with three replications in greenhouse conditions. Different nitrogen form was applied at 3 levels (4, 8 and 16 mM). Nitrogen is the mineral nutrient most commonly applied in olive.. The results indicated that the treatment of NH4 (8mM) have the greatest effect on the amount of increase weight per plant and treatment of NH4 (16 mM) have the greatest effect on the increase weight stem, leaf and root. No difference in root N concentration was observed between three N forms. there is no signification difference of weight roots the effects of N forms applied of olive plants.

Nitrogen and phosphorus are essential nutrients in crop production. In order to investigate the effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus levels on biomass and harvest index of mungbean, Partow variety a field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of the Islamic Azad University of Shahre-rey in Tehran, Iran in 2009. The Experiment was laid out with factorial arrangement in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Five levels of nitrogen (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha-1) and six levels of phosphorus (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg P2O5 ha-1) were the treatment variables. Results showed that application of N and P fertilizers significantly increased the biomass and harvest index. Interaction effect of nitrogen and phosphorus was significant. With the increase of phosphorus application, nitrogen had positive effect on increase of biomass and harvest index. The maximum biomass (793.8 g m-2) was obtained when 120 kg N ha-1 and 150 kg P2O5 ha-1 were applied. The highest harvest index (28.62%) was recorded when 90 kg N ha-1 and 120 kg P2o5 ha-1 were applied.

Effect of different water deficit treatments and nitrogen levels was studied on yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa L.) var. Tarom Hashemi at Neka region, Mazandaran province of Iran in 2009. The experiment was carried out as strip split plot based on a completely randomized block design with four replications. The main factor was water deficit treatments consisted of waterlogging (control); and water deficit at tillering, flowering and seed filling stages for 15 days, and the second factor included four nitrogen fertilizer levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha) from urea source. Analysis of variance showed that the effect of water deficit treatments and nitrogen fertilizer levels was significant on yield, biological
yield, stem diameter and number of tillers. Increased levels of nitrogen fertilizer had an increasing effects on all the studied traits, except harvest index. Water withhold at tillering stage affected plant height, number of tillers, stem diameter, biological yield and yield, negatively. Waterlogging with 150 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer application increased grain yield and was the most effective treatment. Despite water is the main limitation for rice production in many areas, the highest yield was obtained at waterlogging treatment.

An experiment was conducted to apprise the effects of nitrogen supply on grain protein percentage and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivium. cv. Pishtaz) in the Educational-Research Agriculture of the Islamic Azad University (IAU), Saveh Branch. A randomized complete block design was used with three replications. Treatments included five levels of Nitrogen fertilizers (N1: 0; N2: 40; N3: 80; N4: 120; N5: 160 N kg-1) and four split applications of Nitrogen fertilizer (T1: Use fertilizer completely in the cultivation phase, T2: One third in the cultivation phase + two third in the tillering phase, T3: one third in the cultivation phase + two third in the elongation phase, T4: One third in the cultivation + one third in the tillering phase + one third in the elongation phase). The results demonstrate the higher nitrogen application positively associated with the higher grain yield, grain protein percentage, and grain protein yield of wheat. On the other hand, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE), and nitrogen physiologic efficiency (NPE) were adversely connected to the increase of the level of N application. In addition, the highest protein percentage observed in T2N5 treatment of 12.45 per cent. The time of the nitrogen utilization was significantly affected grain yield, protein percentage, and nitrogen agronomic efficiency.

Nitrogen is the most important nutrient for wheat growth and it is as primary nutrient element for plants. Time and amount of N application is an important factor to meet the plant requirement, farmer economy and environmental aspects.In the recent years, the chlorophyll meter has been a new device which can help the farmers to recommend the nitrogen fertilizers rapidly. This greenhouse experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with six different treatments (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 N Kg/ha) in nine replications.Wheat (Triticum aestivium L) sampling was done from the early growth stages up to the harvesting time. Total N, N-No3 were determined in this samples (soil, plant).The chlorophyll meter reading data were collected during the wheat growth. The results shoued that N application had significant effect on the chlorophyll content of leaves. The critical value of chlorophyll meter reading was 48.5 for this experiment. In this study 100 Kg/ha urea had the highest yield.This research was conducted for the purpose of preventing the uncontrolled use of nitrogenon fertilizer and environ mental pollution.

The effects of nitrogen source, amount and foliar application of urea and micro nutrients on growth traits of cucumber was studied using a factorial experiment based on completely randomizd design out in Mahneshan, Zanjan, Iran. In this study, two sources of nitrogen (urea and sulfur coated urea), three levels of nitrogen (0, 200, and 400 kg/ha) and five levels of foliar spray, including urea (2 g/l), urea + Fe-EDTA (2+2 g/l), urea + So4Zn (2+2 g/l) and urea + So4Zn + Fe-EDTA (2+2+2 g/l) were used. Nitrogen fertilizers were used befor transplanting and foliar spray was carried out when the plants were in five leaf stage and repeated in several weeks. During the growth priod, various traits such as cucumber yield, number of fruits, length and diameter of fruits, and numberof lateral branches were measured. The results showed that effects of nitrogen source and amounts, and foliar application methods of urea and micro nutrients and their interaction were significant on growth traits in cucumber. The highest yield of Cucumber (1002 g/plant) was obtained by the application of 400 kg N/ha as Sulfur Coated Urea in combination with foliar spray of Urea + So4Zn + Fe-EDTA. The results showed that foliarapplication of nitrogen and micro nutrients increased yield, fruit number, fruit length, fruit diameter and dry matter percentage of cucumber.