جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "quality" در نشریات گروه "بیوتکنولوژی و ژنتیک گیاهی"

Increasing grain yield and improving the quality of bread are among the most important goals of wheat breeding programs in Iran. Understanding the genetic control of traits and finding molecular or morphological markers associated with them are also prerequisites for any genetic engineering program. In this study, 100 progenies of a 10 × 10 diallel cross were used to analyse the genetics of grain yield and bakery values using STS markers associated with HMWG subunits. This research was carried out during 2018 and 2019 cropping season at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources experimental fields. In the first year, 10 wheat cultivars, including Gonbad, Morvarid, Kalate, Ehsan, Sirvan, Baharan, Chamran2, Shush, Mehrgan and Brat collected from different geographical regions of Iran were planted and crossed in the field. In the second year, the parents and crosses were planted in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications. The grain yield, number of spikes per plant, number of seeds per spike, seed weight, days to emergence and plant height were recorded. The results of this study indicated significant genetic differences between the parents. Narrow-sense heritability analysis revealed that the crossing of cultivars is the best breeding method to enhance seed yield, number of spikes per plant and days to emergence. Also, to improve the number of seeds per spike, seed weight and plant height, classical breeding methods may offer higher efficiency. Marvarid and Gonbad were ranked 1st and 2nd, respectively with respect to general combining abilities for grain yield, attributed to their positive and significant general combining ability effects. The highest specific combining ability was observed for Ehsan×Gonbad, Marvarid×Chamran 2 and Shush×Sirvan crosses. The results of molecular markers analysis showed that the STS markers were able to identify the difference in the baking value of cultivars. The quality score of the cultivars ranged 6 and 10 and to this end, Kalate and Brat were the top cultivars. Therefore, due to superiority in terms of both quantity and quality for yield, these cultivars can be used as parents with desirable genes for future breeding programs. Overall, the STS markers employed in this study proved to be valuable markers for enhancing the genetic background of bread wheat, particularly when employing marker-assisted selection for bakery value.

Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.), one of the main perennial legumes forages, is cultivated in both dry land farming and irrigated area for grazing and hay production for feeding of livestock. It is a perennial legume widely adapted to environmental conditions and has been successfully used as a pasture and hay forage. In order to evaluate and select the best ecotypes of sainfoin for a synthetic variety development program, a field experiment was conducted during 2011 to 2014 cropping seasons, in Tikmadash research station, East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Tabriz, Iran. Quantitative and qualitative traits of 25 sainfoin ecotypes were evaluated. Analysis of variance showed no significant differences between the ecotypes for day's to 10% flowering, but for other quantitative traits such as plant height, shoot fresh and dry weight, leave fresh and dry weight, fresh and dry forage yield were significant. Crude protein, crude fiber and dry matter digestible were significantly different among the studied sainfoin ecotypes. Fresh and dry protein yield indices were instructed by multiplying rude protein by fresh and dry yield, respectively, and used as criteria for ecotype selection. Considering quantitative and qualitative traits, specially fresh and dry protein yield indices, four superior ecotypes were selected to be used in synthetic variety (Syn1) development.

In order to investigate variation in qualitative and quantitative traits، 19 accessions of Elymus hispidus were studied based on a randomised complete block design (RCBD) at Hosseinabad station، Shiraz، Iran. Data were collected and analyzed three years on dry matter (DM) yield، plant height، stem number، leaf to stem ratio (LSR)، as well as five quality traits as: dry matter digestibility (DMD)، water soluble carbohydrate (WSC)، crude protein (CP)، acid detergent fiber (ADF) and total ash. Significant differences were observed between the studied genotypes for all of the traits except for LSR، CP and ash. Khoshyeelagh (Gorgan)، Patava (Yasuj)، Sabzkoh (Chaharmahal) and Mimand (Yasuj) genotypes with average values of 4034، 3068، 2942 and 2450 kg/ha had higher annual DM yield. Khoshyeelagh and Mimand genotypes had hugher quality and recognized as the best genotypes for both yield and quality for cultivation in Fars province، Iran. Results of correlation showed positive correlation between DM yield with plant height and stem number، DMD was positively with WSC and negatively correlated with ADF. Relationships among CP and total ash were positively significant. Using principal components analysis، the first four components determined 76% of the total variation. Five quality traits (DMD، WSC، CP، ADF and ash) were determinant in the first component. DM yield and stem number were important traits in the second components. The genotypes were grouped into 4 clusters based on Ward cluster analysis method.

In this study, the effect of treatments including salicylic acid and chloride calcium was studied on pear (Pyrus communis cv. Sardrod) quality and quantity in several storage times. The factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The studied factors was calcium chloride (1.5 and 3 %), salicylic acid (1 and 1.5 mM/L) along with three storage times including 30, 210 and 240 days after treatment applications. pH, organic acids, titrated fruit acidity, physical quality, browning of fruit and ethylene content traits of pear fruits were evaluated. The application of 1.5 mM/L of salicylic acid with 3% of calcium chloride 3%, in 210 days after treatment application could decrease ethylene content and browning of fruit and thus increased fruit quality. The most pH amount of fruit extract was in 3% of calcium chloride along with 1.5 mM/L of salycilic acid after 240 days. The least amount of total soluble substances was obtained in the last treatments after 30 days.

Olive (Olea europaeaL.) is an evergreen plant which belongs to Oleaceae family. In an attempt to investigate the impact of pollination and branch direction as well as the interaction effect of these two treatments on the quality and quantity of fruit in two varieties of yellow and Mary olive in the region of Fars, an experiment was carried out during 2005-2006. The experiment was conducted with three treatments of pollination (i.e. self-pollination, open pollination, and wind pollination without the interference of pollinating insects) in four replications following a randomized complete block design by means of net in four main geographical directions of yellow and Mary olive trees. The results indicated that in comparison to self-pollination, open pollination significantly increased the yield level at P<0.01 in the two cultivars. Self pollination resulted in an increase in the number of parthenogenetic and unnatural fruits which reduced the yield and quality of these fruits in comparison to the open treatment. The variance analysis of yields demonstrated genetic differences between cultivars as an indication of production power. The comparison of open pollination treatment and wind pollination without the interference of pollinating insects was not significant. The highest and the lowest percentages of full flowering were respectively observed in the southern and northern directions. An increase in full flowering in the southern part resulted in an increase in the amount of initial fruit. However, after the primary and secondary flower loss, no significant difference was observed in the final fruit formation.

Tobacco topping and sucker control provides an opportunity for plant to use its maximum potential for leaf development and higher quality and yield production. This study was conducted to determine the best suckercides and optimal amount of them for suckers control. This experiment was performed as a randomized complete block design with seven treatments and four replications in Tirtash Research and Education Center، Mazandaran، Iran. Treatments were prim plus levels (12. 5، 15 and 17. 5 ml per plant)، fatty alcohol 15 ml per plant، fatty alcohol 15 ml with prime plus 17. 5 ml per plant، topping and a control (no suckercide، no topped and no suckercide). Cured leaf yield، number of suckers، dry and green weight of suckers per plant، price of one kilogram tobacco and income per hectare، sugar and nicotine percent، burning time and fill capacity were recorded for all treatments. Results of analysis of variance showed significant differences of treatments for the studied traits except for qualitative characteristics. Fatty alcohol 15 ml with prime plus 17. 5 ml per plant، prime plus 15 and prime plus 17. 5 ml per plant were better treatments with 2925، 2890 and 2745 kg/ha cured leaf yield and 10654، 10418 and 10214 rails price for one kilogram tobacco، respectively.

Yield of 34 selected rice lines along with two check cultivars (Hashemi and Binam) was evaluated based on qualitative and quantitative characteristics in Gilan province, Iran. Also, yield of 24 selected lines with two check varieties (Fajr and Neda) was compared in Mazandaran province in a lattice design at Rice Research Institute of Iran in
2008. Traits like grain yield, plant height, number of panicle, grain number in panicle, 1000 grain weight, days to 50% flowering, maturity, amylase content, gel consistency and gelatinization temperature were measured. Based on the results, eight rice lines for Gilan and seven rice cultivars for Mazandaran province were selected based on important qualitative and quantitative characteristics for evaluation in adaptation experiments. Yield of the selected lines ranged from 5.58 to 7.71 t.ha-1. They had also other proper characteristics including plant height of 108-137 cm, amylase content of 21.1-22.5 mg.kg-1, Gelatinization temperature of 62.4-72.3°C, and good resistance to blast disease (score between 1-2). Therefore, the selected lines were promising for improving advanced rice lines.

According to the study quantitative and qualitative characteristics of grain sorghum (var.Spideh) performance, this seed was planted in research field of the Islamic Azad University Meybod branch in spring of 2009 in split plot design based on randomized complete blocks with three replication. Three planting dates (6/5, 6/20, 7/5) were selected as main plots and densities of 75, 100, 150 thousand plants per hectare were assigned sub-plots. In this test traits of yield, 1000 kernel weight, number of seed per panicle, number of panicles in square meter, harvest index and protein percentage of seed were evaluated. The results of these tests showed that the effect of different plant density on grain yield, 1000 kernel weight, harvest index and grain protein content had a significant difference, and with increased density, 1000 kernel weight, harvest index, number of seed per panicle and grain protein showed significantly reduced, but yield increases with increased density. The results showed that 5/7 date of planting was better than two other dates and superior yield rate of most 2/76 tons per hectare planting 7/5 was found between density. The density above the most suitable plant was 150 thousand hectares. It would be better to plant sorghum (Sapideh variety) in the range between 5th July and 23rd July in Meybod and similar area.

Qualitative and quantitative traits of 29 potato promising clones along with three commercial cultivars (Agria, Marfona and Lady Rozeta) were evaluated at Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station of Ardabil during 2008 and 2009. The experiment was based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. During the growth period and after harvest, traits such as main stem number per plant, plant height, tuber number and weight per plant, tuber with <35 and 35-55 mm and >55 mm size number and weight, total and marketable tuber yield, dry matter percentage, baking type, hollow heart, tuber inner ring and discolored of raw tuber flesh after 24 hours were measured. Combined analysis of variance for quantitative traits showed that there were significant differences among promising clones and their interactions with year in total and marketable tuber yield, plant height, main stem number per plant, tuber number and weight per plant, marketable tuber weight per plant and dry matter percent. The results also showed that the clones 397082-10, 397097-2, 397082-2 and 396156-6 had higher total and marketable tuber yield, total and marketable tuber number and weight per plant comparing check cultivars. They also had uniform tuber, yellow skin and flesh color, shallow eyes, very little hollow heart, tuber inner crack and tuber inner ring, mid-late to late maturity and high dry matter. Also, 397082-10, 397097-2, 397082-2 and 396156-6 clones were considered as suitable clones for Ardebil region.

Breeding based on selection indices is an effective method for improved varieties. In order to study simultaneous selection for forage yield and quality traits in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb), through selection indices, 36 populations were sown using a triple lattice design in Ardebil, Iran during 2006. data were collected for heading date, plant height, dry matter (DM) yield, dry matter digestibility (DMD), water soluble carbohydrates (WSC), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and total ash over two years. The estimates of broad sense heritability (h2b) were moderate to high for all of traits except for CP and total ash. DMD was positively correlated with WSC, while the genetic correlation among ADF with both DMD and WSC was negative. Heading date was negatively correlated with both DM yield and plant height. The relationships between DM yield with both DMD and WSC were weak and non significant. Using phenotypic and genotypic variance and covariance matrices and broad sense heritability as the relative economic value, selection indices were estimated. The results indicated that selection based on all of the traits would make more gain. The highest selection indices were obtained for the populations 1317, 60065 (Simirom), 60075, 60083 (Tavankesh), 782026 (Shahrekord), VIII (Russia), 1081(Palestine) and 1414 (Australia). They could be used as the parents of new synthetic varieties.