جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « گندم » در نشریات گروه « بیوتکنولوژی و ژنتیک گیاهی »

Leaf rust, caused by the pathogenic biotrophic fungus Puccinia triticina (Pt), is one of the most destructive wheat diseases worldwide and its negative impact on crop yields is exacerbated by higher temperatures due to climate change. Ascarosides are nematode pheromones with resistance-inducing activities against microbial pathogens and pests in various crops. We investigated the effect of ascaroside ascr#18, the major ascaroside of plant-parasitic nematodes, on infection of cv. Boolani wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with the virulent Pt race PKTTS. After spraying with ascr#18 in the micromolar concentration range 24 hours before inoculation with fungal uredospores, the number of rust pustules on ascr#18-treated wheat leaves was greatly reduced, by 55 to over 80%, showing that ascr#18 can induce resistance in wheat to Pt. Pretreatment with ascr#18 also further enhanced the expression of defense marker genes PAL and Chitinase 3 in response to Pt as compared with untreated Pt-infected plants. Our results are consistent with and further extend previous reports that ascr#18 triggers plant immunity and primes plant for protection against pathogens. Given its broad protective effects at very low concentrations as compared to chemical resistance inducer, such as salicylic acid mimics, argue that it is an interesting tool for strengthening environmentally friendly, sustainable plant production.

Hexaploid winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n= 6x= 42, AABBDD) is an important small-grain cereal crop grown for food and feed. In Iran, wheat is the most cultivated cereal crop where winter wheat is ranked 1st in terms of production. Wheat fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most important diseases of wheat in humid and hot regions of the world, which causes a decrease in yield and grain quality. Fusarium head blight is caused by Fusarium graminearum. In order to investigate the resistance of some wheat traits against HBF, 27 varieties and lines of bread wheat were sown at the farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University. The spikes were infected at the first flowering stage by spray inoculation. The results showed that there was a great diversity among the 27 varieties of bread wheat tested in terms of growth traits, yield components, and grain yield. The results of The Duncan's test for comparing means showed that cultivars Ghods, Shiraz, Morvarid 2, and Pishtaz had a significant superiority in terms of grain yield compared to other cultivars. The results of simple correlation and also stepwise regression analysis showed that the traits of 1000 seed weight, plant height, number of seeds per spike, number of spikes, spike length and plant height are very important traits for grain yield. According to values of broad sense heritability and genetic gain for plant height and high correlation of this trait and seed yield, plant height can be used as a suitable trait for improving seed yield by selection. The overall results showed that Shiraz, Pishtaz, Quds and Morwarid-2 cultivars are suitable for transferring resistance to wheat spike blight disease in breeding programs.

It is important to evaluate and display the potential of new cultivars and promising lines in farmers' conditions in order to introduce new cultivars and lines and increment the spread of them in farm conditions. For this purpose, thirty-three selected varieties/breeding lines from Dry Agriculture Research Institute (DARI) wheat breeding program were evaluated on farmers' fields at Koohdasht, based on randomized complete block design. Results indicated that Paya and Kabir varieties and G17, G18 and G31 lines had the highest grain yield with an average of 5280, 3985, 4210, 4003 and 3950 kg/ha, respectively. Grain yield showed positive and significant correlation with biological yield (BY), number of grain per spike (NGS) and harvest index (HI), and negative correlation between yield and day to maturity. Therefore BY, NGS, HI and early maturity can be used as suitable selection index to identify high-yielding genotype in the rainfed wheat breeding program. Paya and Kabir cultivars and G31, G18, G29, G17 and G16 lines were the best genotype for SIIG index. Based on cluster analysis results, genotypes were classify in three groups including early maturity- high yield  genotypes (class 1), early maturity- low yield genotypes (class 2) and early maturity- low yield genotypes (class 3). According to the results of this research, with the aim of sustainable wheat production in the tropical region that generally faced with late-season drought, new varieties of Kabir and Paya with high yield and early maturity are recommended. In addition, durum wheat lines G17, G18 and G32 with high performance and desirable agronomic characteristics can be considered in the variety introduction program or as parents in a breeding program.

Nowadays, environmental pollution and its consequences have become one of the most serious human concerns, and management of pollution caused by the entry of hazardous substances such as radionuclides, pesticides, and heavy metals into the environment is of particular importance. Advances in technology and nuclear knowledge have led to increasing of release and accumulation of nuclear waste and radionuclides in the environment. Mining, production and processing of nuclear fuels and military operations are the most important causes of nuclear waste production. Because of the possibility of transferring radionuclides to the food chain, soil contamination with these pollutants creates many hazards to human health. There are various physical and chemical methods to eliminate nuclear waste, but most of them are expensive and complex. Phytoremediation is an emerging technology that uses plants and their associated microbes to clean up the polluted environment. This process is very simple, practical, economical and environmentally friendly. In this research, wheat and sunflower plants were used to remove uranium from soils of Saghand and Bandar Abbas mine's districts. Also, the effect of different concentrations of citric acid on the plants accessibility to this element was investigated.

PH meter and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy were used to determine the pH and constituents of the soil. Also, liquid scintillation analysis was applied to determine the concentration and amount of uranium absorption.

In general, sunflower had better efficiency in absorption of uranium from soil of Saghand. In the case of uranium absorption from soil of Bandar Abbas, Wheat had better efficiency in the absence and low concentrations of citric acid, but with increasing acid concentration the accessibility of sunflower to the uranium in the soil increased.

In comparison to wheat sunflower had a better performance in uranium uptake from Saghand soil before and after acid addition. In the case of uranium uptake from Bandar Abbas soil, wheat had better performance in the absence of citric acid and in its low concentrations, while with increasing acid concentration, the uranium uptake by sunflower increased.

To evaluate the expression pattern of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase under iron deficiency conditions in Fe- efficient (Pishtaz) and -inefficient (Falat) bread wheat cultivars, a CRD (completely randomized design) based factorial experiment was conducted with three replications. The cultivars were grown under iron deficiency (Less than 1.5 mg Fe/kg soil) and compared with normal conditions (10 mg Fe/kg soil). The relative expression levels of the above-mentioned genes were measured using Real-time PCR technique in the leaves and roots of the cultivars at two growth stages: vegetative (one month after germination) and reproductive (30% of heading). The results revealed a remarkable enhancement in calatalse expression in the roots of both cultivars in the vegetatative stage but it was higher in Fe-efficient cultivar than -inefficient one. The expression of this gene was decreased in leaves at the same stage as well as in the roots of both cultivars in the vegetative stage. The expression level of ascorbate peroxidase gene in the reproductive stage in the roots of Fe-inefficient cultivar was higher than that of -efficient one. In the vegetative stage, the expression of this gene increased in the leaves and roots of Fe-efficient cultivar, but it was decresed in Fe-inefficient cultivar. The relative expression level of polyphenol oxidase gene in the vegetative stage under iron deficiency conditions in the leaf increased almost three times, compared to the roots, while the expression of this gene decreased in the reproductive stage in both leaves and roots. By increasing the expression of both catalase and ascorbate peroxidase genes in the roots of both cultivars in the reproductive stage under iron deficiency conditions, it seems that bread wheat cultivars might reduce the deletrious effects of stress and maintain yield through transferring much iron to the seeds in the seed filling stage. The findings of the present study may increase our understanding of the important role of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes in Fe deficiency stress conditions.

Wheat is the most important cereal crops; it is a stable diet for more than one third of the world population. DNA markers play the most important role in diversity due to the relative ease in their generation and elimination of the influence of environment. The objective of this research were study of genetic diversity of bread wheat cultivars using RAPD markers and efficiency of these markers in grouping and distinguishing wheat cultivars based DNA fingerprint. 

In this study 42 wheat cultivar was evaluated with using 20 RAPD markers. The amplified fragment profiles were visually scored for presence (1) and absence (0) of bands and entered in a binary matrix. 

The results showed that, RAPD primers detected 132 fragments and 88 of them (66/67%) were polymorphic. The amplified DNA fragments varied in size from <100bp to 3000bp. The number of polymorphic fragments primer ranged from 2-7 with an average of 4/4. RAPD68 and RAPD28 each whit 7 polymorphic bands showed the highest amount of polymorphism. Primer RAPD68 were able to distinguish the cultivars omid and azadi, primer OPB08 cultivars Chenab. Sepahan, Salyasonez and primers TIBMBD17 and TIBMBB09 cultivar Atrac from other cultivars. Cluster analysis using Jaccard matrix and UPGMA method was performed, wheat genotype clustered in seven distinct groups, and the genetic similarity values ranged from 0.74 to 0.94. sistan and gasparo showed the most genetic similarity (94%). Atrac, Azadi and vrinac were clustered as outliers. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) determined 1% inter group diversity and 99% intra group diversity for studied genotypes. 

The results of this research showed that there was not genetic variation among bread wheat cultivars, that can be due to the low number of primers and cultivars under investigation. Suggested to use other primers such as SSR, which shows more diversity.

Environmental stress is one of the main factors that reduce the growth and performance of crops and threatening human food security. This study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of drought stress on the changes in biochemical traits and the level of expression of a MYB transcription factor gene in two wheat cultivars (Tajan and Zagros), under drought stress. The experiment was conducted as a factorial based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications. Drought treatments were applied at three levels of 40, 70 and 100% of field capacity 4 weeks after germination. Twenty days after the application of stress, leaves and roots were sampled in order to investigate the expression of MYB genes and measuring some biochemical traits. The results of examining the chlorophyll content under stress showed that the content of chlorophyll a and b decreased with increasing of stress intensity in different genotypes. The rate of reduction of chlorophyll a and b in Tajan genotype under severe stress was higher than Zagros genotype. Also, TBARM content under severe drought stress was significantly higher than moderate stress condition and this increase was seen in Tajen genotype more than Zagros genotype. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the MYB genes showed an increase in expression under drought stress. Furthermore, Zagros genotype, which is considered as a tolerant cultivar to drought stress, had a higher MYB expression level than Tajan cultivar for both genes, suggesting this cultivar for future breeding programs, also considering the importance MYB family genes during drought stress, the results can be used in molecular breeding and pyramiding breeding projects.

To study the effect of different levels of melatonin on the biochemical properties and the amount of expression of genes related to the activity of antioxidant enzymes in bread wheat, a split plot experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete Triticum aestivum block design. Irrigation levels (normal (FC = 80%)), mild stress (FC = 60%), and severe stress (FC = 40%)) were allocated to the main plots and melatonin foliar spray (zero, 50, 100, 150, and 200 μM) were assigned to subplots. The results showed that the flavonoid content and ascorbate peroxidase enzyme activity increased with the intensification of dehydration stress. The level of 100 µM melatonin had the highest flavonoid content, ascorbate peroxidase enzyme activity. The mean comparison interaction treatments showed that the highest content of proline, phenol, superoxide dismutase and catalase was assigned to the 100 µM melatonin foliar spray under conditions of extreme stress of dehydration. Also, the lowest amount of malondialdehyde was observed for the 50 μM melatonin foliar treatment under normal irrigation conditions. The highest content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid and grain yield were recorded in the treatment of foliar spray of 100 μM melatonin and normal irrigation conditions. In this investigation, the maximum expression of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and catalase genes were determined in the foliar spray of 100 and 150 μM melatonin levels under conditions of extreme stress. . The foliar spray of melatonin, especially at the level of 100 μM, could moderate the effect dehydration stress on grain yield by improving biochemical and antioxidant properties.

Genetic diversity identification is an important step for plant breeding procedure. Triticum urartu as the A-genome donor of wheat, is a valuable source for wheat breeding due to its rich allelic diversity for important traits such as agronomic characteristics, protein quality and biotic stress tolerance. In this study, the genetic diversity and population structure of 85 T.urartu accessions collected from different geographic regions of Iran were investigated using ISSR markers. 16 ISSR primers generated 164 fragments which all were polymorphic. The average of polymorphism information content (PIC) and marker index (MI) were 0.44 and 4.53 respectively, revealed a high resolving power of ISSR primers. The dendrogram generated using the NJ algorithm based on Jaccard’s dissimilarity coefficient, classified all 85 accessions into two main groups which was confirmed by Structure analysis. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed a higher distribution of genetic diversity within populations (96%), than between them (4%) and according to the diversity indexes including number of effective alleles (Ne), Shannon’s index(I) and Nei’s gene diversity (He), there were an equal variation within seven investigated populations. The results showed a high amount of genetic variation among tested accessions, which provide further insights into conservation and future utilization of wild wheat resources. Besides, these results confirmed the efficiency of ISSR markers as reliable technique in estimating the genetic diversity and fingerprinting.

The genus of Aegilops is one of the most important wild relatives of wheat, and different species of this genus have a wide distribution in Middle East and West Asia. Knowledge about the genetic diversity of Aegilops species provides useful information which can be exploited for breeding programs of wheat. In this study, genetic diversity of 60 Agilops accessions from three different species were investigated using three different DNA markers. CBDP, SCoT and ISSR primers amplified 130, 135 and 152 polymorphic fragments respectively. The average of polymorphism information content (PIC) for CBDP, SCoT and ISSR primers were 0.37, 0.34 and 0.39 respectively indicated the efficiency and usefulness of the used primers. The neighbor-joining (NJ) based clustering using marker data, classified all 60 accessions into three main groups and the investigated accessions were clustered based on the genetic structure. The results of analysis of molecular variance based on CBDP, ISSR and SCoT data showed that the variance among populations covered 66%, 45% and 42% of total variation respectively. Besides, among all three species, Ae. triuncialis showed the maximum number of private allels indicating its unique genetic background. Our results revealed high levels of genetic diversity within all three species, showing high potential of studied germplasm for using in breeding programs. Further, our findings indicated that all three marker systems were useful techniques for evaluation of genetic diversity, however, CBDP and SCoT markers which are generated from the functional regions of the genomes, would be more useful for evaluation of genetic diversity than random or semi random PCR based markers.

Low temperature stress is a kind of abiotic stress directly affecting growth and productivity of important agricultural products including wheat, worldwide. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between developmental regulation with low temperature tolerance, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation and the expression of antioxidant enzymes genes in different phenological development stages in lines (RIL) of crosses between Pishtaz and Norstar wheat. Winter- and facultative-habit genotypes in the second period of low temperature acclimation, coinciding with the saturation range of the vernalization requirement, reached their maximum of low temperature tolerance, followed by a decrease in low temperature tolerance at the reproductive phase in third period of low temperature acclimation. Spring genotypes had very limited low temperature tolerance. Relative expression of TaVRT-1 gene in spring genotypes showed high and constitutively expression during low temperature acclimation periods. However, the relative expression of this gene in winter- and facultative-habit genotypes is expressed only after vernalization saturation. The relative expression of antioxidant enzymes genes were higher in winter- and facultative-habit genotypes than spring- habit genotypes, and reached its maximum in the second period of low temperature acclimation. Along with the increasing of relative expression of TaVRT-1 gene and decreasing antioxidant enzymes genes in the third period of cold acclimation, the accumulation of H2O2 reached maximum. Our results suggested that winter- and facultative-habit genotypes decreased the expression of TaVRT-1 gene and subsequently increased the length of the vegetative phase and the relative expression of antioxidant enzymes genes. Such reactions prevented the oxidative damage induced by low temperature stress and promoted more tolerant of low temperature.

At present, the use of plant growth-promoting bacteria has been considered as a suitable alternative to the use of chemical fertilizers to improve wheat growth. The objectives of this study was to identify the best and most effective rhizobacteria on wheat growth. First, Bacillus strains were isolated from wheat rhizosphere and their ability to produce IAA was assayed. Then, Triticum aestivum (Roshan) plants were treated in a completely randomized design by eight heighest IAA-producing bacterial strains at three different bacterial concentrations. By examining morphological traits, the best treatment was selected and the expression of genes involved in the auxin pathway was studied by RT-qPCR technique. Here, twenty Bacillus strains were isolated. The amount of IAA production varied among the strains (the minimum and maximum IAA production were 0 and 95.89 μg/ml, respectively). Twenty strains were isolated, eight strains with the highest levels of IAA production were selected for applying to the plants. Results of morphological traits demonstrated that strain C6 at concentration 1 (OD=1) had a significantly greater positive effect on Roshan plants. This strain was chosen for genes expression analysis. Analysis of expression of TaTAR2.1 and TaTAR2.4 genes showed that these genes have been influenced by strain C6 and they were significantly down-regulated as compared to the control.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationships and genetic diversity between and within wild species of Aegilops using EST-derived TRAP molecular markers.

In this study, genetic diversity and relationships among eight wild species of Aegilops collected from 14 provinces of Iran were evaluated using 24 TRAP primer combinations.

The mean of PIC for studied primers was 0.95 and the lowest and highest values ​​of this index were related to TRAP20 (0.92) and TRAP10 (0.97), respectively. Also, the mean of MI was 10.77 and the lowest and highest values ​​were related to TRAP3 (6.95) and TRAP17 (17.34), respectively. The molecular analysis of variance showed 60% variance between species and 40% variance within species. Estimated genetic parameters showed that the highest levels of Na (1.07), Ne (1.26), I (0.23) and uHe (0.16) belonged to Ae. truncialis and the maximum Nei gene diversity (0.14) was related to Ae truncialis, Ae. umbelulata and Ae. neglecta. Minimum values ​​of Nei gene diversity (0.09), Shannon index (0.14), No. of effective alleles (1.16) and No. of observed alleles (0.79) was observed for Ae. crassa. The least genetic similarity was observed between Ae. crassa with Ae. cylandrica and Ae. umbelulata and the most similarity between Ae. triuncialis and Ae. umbelulata. Being in the same group of Ae. umbelulata and Ae. truncialis with cluster analysis and PCOA confirmed the high genetic similarity of these species.

The results showed high genetic diversity among and within species. Molecular analysis of variance revealed higher genetic diversity between species, indicating low gene flow and Fst, as well as a high genetic differentiation between species.

Wheat is one of the most important crops in the world and Iran, and wheat powdery mildew is one of the major wheat diseases that cause yield reduction. Transcription factors are good candidate genes for genetic manipulation to enhance plants stress tolerance. Recently, scientific reports have revealed that the G2-like members in plants are involved in response to pathogens. In order to identify the wheat G2-like members and predict their functions, information of the G2-like protein family was collected from databases such as TFDB and Ensembl. Then, members of this gene family in rice and Arabidopsis were used against proteins and genome of wheat. After removing the duplicate sequences, 83 gene loci encoding 136 protein transcripts were identified. The phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the G2-like protein sequences in wheat with 6 known G2-like in other plants, which divided the family into 6 groups. Based on classification of this family, it could be suggested that groups I, II and V are involved in the processes of powdery mildew response, chloroplast development, and flowering time, respectively. Motif predictions of G2-like protein family illustrated that most members belonging to the same group contain similar motif combinations, which indicates the accurate grouping in the phylogenetic tree and the similar function of members of a group. Chromosomal mapping of the G2-likes in wheat showed that G2-likes are present on all chromosomes. The highest and lowest number of G2-like genes is present on chromosome 6B, and chromosomes D and 3A, respectively.

To study the genetic and allelic diversity in the genes encoding glutenin and gliadin proteins in wheat landraces, 98 Triticum accessions belonging to four species: T. aestivum, T. boeoticum, T. durum and T. uartu collected from different provinces of Iran were used. 13 pairs of low molecular weight glutenin primers (LMW-GS), four pairs of high molecular weight glutenin primers (HMW-GS) and four pairs of gliadin primers were amplified 1327, 548 and 152 segments, respectively. The highest genetic diversity was observed in the Glu-3A gene block, which belongs to the low molecular weight glutenin, and 13 primer pairs amplified a total of 34 alleles from 180 to 1500 bp in length, of which 11 alleles were previously reported and 23 alleles were identified as possibly new alleles. In the Glu-A1 gene block, which belongs to the high molecular weight glutenin, most allelic polymorphisms were amplified by the primers Glu-A1 and Xrj5. In the Gli-A2 gene block, only one allele was amplified by two specific primers: Gli-AS6 and Gli-AS5. The highest and lowest number of effective alleles belonged to T. aestivum and T. uartu. The average of Nei diversity index was 0.19 and its highest and lowest values ​​were related to T. aestivum and T. uartu. Based on the clustering method, 98 accessions were divided into two main groups. In the first main group, the accessions related to two species T. aestivum and T. durum were placed, which shows the greatest genetic similarity between the two species. In the second main group were placed two wild species T. boeticum and T. uartu. In overall, a large allelic diversity was observed for low molecular weight glutenin subunits in the studied Triticum species, which highlights the potential of these species as a valuable germplasm for breeding programs aimed to the bakery quality improving in wheat.

Fungal leaf diseases are the most destructive factors to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield. Therefore, identification of resistance sources to important fungal diseases is a great importance to increase wheat yield. In order to identify informative CBDP and SCoT markers for leaf rust, powdery mildew and septoria leaf blotch disease, 63 wheat genotypes were planted through the augment design in agricultural research station of Araghimahaleh (Gorgan) during 2018-19. Clustering based on UPGMA, put the genotypes into 3 groups with 24, 17 and 22 individuals. Among the studied genotypes, genotypes No. 49 and 60 showed highest resistance to all three diseases. Association analysis showed that from 16 CBDP and SCoT primers, 99 bands produced in total, which 43 bands were polymorph. The maximum percent of polymorphism belonged to SCoT primers and the minimum polymorphism belonged to CBDP. SCoT11-2, CBDP 10-2 was shown significant correlation with all three diseases. SCoT21-3 was also significantly (P

Under drought stress condition, the signaling system induces expression of certain genes to counteract the deleterious effects of environmental stress. Among the essential micronutrients for plant growth and development, zinc has an important role in many plant metabolic processes including gene expression and stress tolerance. In order to investigate the effect of drought stress and ZnO on relative expression pattern of some genes involved in abiotic stresses (including WRKY1, HMA2 and ZIP1 genes) in wheat cultivars, a factorial experimental was conducted in pot condition based on a completely randomized design with three replications. In this experiment, the first factor was three levels of drought stress (35, 60 and 85% of field capacity), the second factor was three wheat cultivars (including Heidari, Meihan and Sysons), and the third factor was three levels of ZnO (0, 0.5 and 1 g/l-1). According to the results, with increasing the level of drought stress, the relative expression of WRKY1 and ZIP1 genes in drought tolerant cultivar (Meihan), and also with increasing nanoparticle concentration over stress time, the expression of ZIP1 gene in drought sensitive cultivar (Sysons) increased. The highest relative expression of HMA2 gene was observed in Heidari cultivar under mild drought stress. Generally, the expression of all three genes studied in tolerant cultivar (Meihan) increased under drought stress. Increasing the expression level of HMA2 and ZIP1 genes could be related to the transfer of zinc to consuming tissues and also, to increase the consumption of zinc in current metabolism of plant, which is important in tolerance of wheat to drought stress.

LEA proteins as cumulative proteins were identified in the late embryonic period to cope with environmental stresses for the first time in wheat and cotton Dehydrogenase proteins are the second group of LEA family of highly hydrated proteins that are resistant to drought. In order to identify and evaluate the molecular evolution of the nucleotide sequence of the DHN5 gene, this gene was derived from three wild species of diploids (Aegilops speltoides, Aegilops tauschii and Triticum urartu), two durum wheat cultivars of tetraploid (Behrang and Shabrang) and two wheat cultivars of hexaploid (Bolani And Sistan) were isolated and sequenced. This is the first report of detection of DHN5 gene in wheat.  Results of gene sequencing in wheat cultivars and its ancestors were recorded in the NCBI. The results showed that transient succession was more than interchanging substitution and the ratio of dN / dS was 1.13, which shows the trend of positive selection of DHN5 gene among wheat cultivars and wildlife during evolution. Protected areas form a small part of the DHN5 gene sequence, which indicates its susceptibility to nucleotide and mutational changes. The phylogenetic tree of the wheat genes sequence, along with 28 other plant varieties, was plotted using the Neighbor-joining method, which indicates the various evolutionary pathways of the DHN5 gene. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Sistan cultivar suffered from many mutations because of its compatibility with drought stress conditions, therefore the sequence of this gene has changed greatly, which makes it possible to separate from other wheat in the phylogenetic studies. According to the results obtained in all of the studied cultivars, it can be concluded that this gene is probably located on all three genomes A, B and D of wheat.