جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « forest » در نشریات گروه « جنگلداری »

Estimating forest tree structural attributes such as height and diameter at breast height (DBH) is crucial for understanding the structure and management of forest resources. One important method for estimating these parameters is the individual tree detection (ITD) method using appropriate remote sensing data, such as airborne LiDAR data. However, it should be noted that different ITD methods have various limitations and capabilities and react differently to changes in forest tree species and the vertical structure of the canopy.

This study presents a hybrid individual tree detection method that combines raster-based and point-based methods in a multi-scale framework to identify single trees from LiDAR data. In this method, tree crown scale levels are obtained from morphological filters in the canopy height model (CHM). Segmentation is then performed using a multi-scale method, and the results are merged. To better separate adjacent and understory trees, the point cloud inside the segments is analyzed using the probability density function, and tree crown segments are modified. After detecting single trees, DBH and height parameters were estimated using ground control data and extracted features from LiDAR data with machine learning algorithms, including random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and cubist (CB), in the form of 10-fold nested cross-validation (10-fold NCV). The Boruta feature selection algorithm was used to identify the most important metrics based on the LiDAR point cloud, which played an effective role in improving the performance of machine learning algorithms. Due to limited access to LiDAR and ground data from Iran’s forests, this study uses the NEWFOR single tree detection benchmark dataset, collected from forests of the Alpine region with a combination of different tree species and vertical canopy structures.

Although understory trees cannot be extracted with the same accuracy as overstory trees, the results of this study showed that, on average, the developed multi-scale individual tree detection (MSITD) method detected 89% of the tree crowns in the highest height layer and the highest number of small overstory trees with a detection rate of 48% in the lowest height layer (2-5 meters). The analysis of the machine learning algorithms’ results in estimating forest structural attributes showed that, despite slight differences in performance, the SVM algorithm performed better than the RF and CB algorithms in estimating both height and DBH attributes. For the height attribute, the mean values of RMSE, rRMSE, and R2 in the SVM algorithm were 1.75 m, 9%, and 0.85, respectively. For the DBH attribute, the values obtained for RMSE, rRMSE, and R2 were 4.74 cm, 19%, and 0.78, respectively.

The evaluation of the results showed that the methods presented in this study for identifying single trees and estimating forest tree structural attributes have high potential for practical applications.

Accurate digital elevation models (DEMs) are crucial for effective forest planning and management. Various methods exist for generating DEM data, with handheld mobile laser scanners being the most efficient and precise approach. The raw point clouds obtained from these scanners require several preprocessing steps, one of which involves separating ground and non-ground points. Errors in this part of the process can lead to the generation of an inaccurate digital model with high uncertainty and errors. Various algorithms, such as voxel-based segmentation, simulation filters, and deep learning-based approaches, have been developed for this purpose. This study evaluates the performance of the OBS algorithm in automatically separating ground points from non-ground points in handheld laser scanner data. The study area comprised five different sections within the Karaj Botanical Garden, covering a total area of 7.2 hectares. These areas contained forest stands characterized by heterogeneous structures and multi-story tree layers. Data were acquired using a handheld GeoSLAM laser scanner. To generate a reliable reference for evaluating the algorithm's results, ground points were manually separated. The performance of the algorithm was evaluated by comparing it with the manually separated ground truth using statistical metrics, including Matthew's correlation coefficient, Kappa coefficient, and Intersection over Union (IoU). The statistical metrics across the five study areas demonstrated the effectiveness of the OBS algorithm in separating ground points from non-ground points, with Matthew's correlation coefficient, Kappa coefficient, and IoU values of 0.895, 0.891, and 0.902, respectively. Additionally, the optimal voxel size for the algorithm was determined to be within the range of 15 to 22 centimeters.We conclude that the OBS algorithm, when configured with optimal input parameters, provides high performance in automatically separating ground points from non-ground points, especially in heterogeneous forested environments. The importance of configuring the optimal input parameters is also highlighted.

Plant reproduction is highly sensitive to stressors caused by both biotic and abiotic factors in nature. The success of plant establishment in the wild depends on various factors such as drought, grazing, availability of water and soil resources, and the mutual interactions among individuals, especially during the seedling stage. The concept of nurse plants, their effects, competition, facilitation, and the facilitative role in land restoration were explained using scientific sources. Through forest surveys and scientific resources, nurse plants and target plants in southern Iran were identified, and the role of each was examined with available scientific references. For this purpose, along the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman, accessible pathways were chosen to investigate vegetation cover up to an altitude of 1250 meters above sea level in sample plots of one hectare (100 * 100 meters). Sampling was conducted beneath the canopy of other trees or shrubs, and the plants were identified using scientific sources. The results of this study revealed that nine species belonging to eight genera and six families were identified as nurse plants, and seven species belonging to six genera and six families were identified as target plants. Among the nurse plant group, the genus Ziziphus Mill. from the family Rhamnaceae was the most diverse. Among the target plant group, the most diverse genus was Pistacia L. belonging to the family Anacardiaceae. Further research is recommended to explore the facilitative effects of nurse plant species and suitable methods for their use in the ecological restoration of dry areas in southern Iran in relation to the implementation of restoration and forest development projects.

Endophytic fungi are fungi that are present in plant tissue at the time of sampling without obvious symptoms. There are several reports that the use of endophytic fungi improves grain yield, increases cold and drought tolerance, resistance to plant pathogens and herbivorous insects. Therefore, these fungi can be used as a biocontrol agent in the protection of crops. Endophytic fungi are a rich source of active metabolites that have the potential to be used in medicine, agriculture, and industry, so this study was conducted to isolate endophytic fungi from hornbeam trees and their morphological and molecular identification from the forests of Sari.

In this study, to identify endophytic fungi from healthy branches of hornbeam trees during autumn 2019 and summer and autumn 2020 of the forests of Sari city were sampled. In the laboratory, each branch sample was kept for 24 months at 24 ° C and continuous darkness after disinfection and culture on PDA medium. Morphological features and sequencing of the ITS region were performed to confirm the morphological identification and sequencing of the relevant dendrogram using version 7.1 of Bioedit software.

In this study, 9 genera and species were identified. Fungal species includ:Alternaria alternata (OM117707), Aspergillus flavus (OM488258), Botryosphaeria dothidea (OM141395), Diaporthe eres (OM131770), Fusarium acuminatum(OM131729),Fusarium sambucinum (OM142129),Mucor fragilis (OM017151), Neofusicuccum parvum (OM017148), Fulvia fulva (OM124921).

In general, the aim of this research was to identify the fungal endophytes of Beech trees based on morphological and molecular data from the forests of Mahdasht, Tabaghdeh, Darabkala and Imamzadeh Zaid Sari located in Mazandaran province.

Wildfires in natural resources cause huge human, financial, environmental and ecotourism losses to countries every year. The average of annual fire aria in the world's forests is estimated at four million square kilometers. These wildfires lead to the destruction of vegetation, global warming, air pollution, destruction of environmental diversity, and intensifying the phenomenon of desertification. Various natural and human factors (intentional and non-intentional) are effective in the occurrence and spread of fires in the forests and pastures. Ecoterrorism and environmental terrorism are two common approaches for intentional arson attacks in natural resources. One of the important and relatively new act of environmental terrorism is the phenomenon of pyroterrorism or deliberate destructive fires in forests and pastures. Simplicity, low risk, low financial cost and small number of required actors, weakness of governments in quick containment, high advertising range and inflicting significant damages are among the attractions of such operations for saboteurs. In order to minimize the damage caused by natural and intentional fires, the following defense measures are recommended: equipping the institutions responsible for extinguishing forest and pasture fires with advanced and up-to-date firefighting equipment and facilities, attracting the active participation of local people and training firefighters. Forest dwellers and pastoralists in identifying and extinguishing fires in forests and pastures, improving management practices of forests and pastures, monitoring information about threats and using new technologies in the field of security and fire extinguishing.

Myzocallis coryli (Goetze) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a major hazelnut pest in Iran. This aphid attacks the stems and leaves of Corylus avellana L. hazelnut trees, and as the population grows, it causes the leaves of hazelnut trees to dry and fall, reducing the quality of the nuts. The use of entomopathogenic fungi in the management of hazelnut aphid has been prioritized in order to reduce negative environmental consequences. The isolates IRAN 715C, DEMI001, M14, and V245 from the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae were employed in this work to assess on the adults of M. coryli. To assess the toxicity of four isolates, the Probit tool in SPSS 21 software was employed with a fatal dose of 50% of the LC50. The LC50 values for DEMI001, IRAN715C, M14, and V245 isolates on adults of M. coryli in laboratory and field settings were 1.9×106, 2.34×106, 0.469×106, 1.79×106 and 7150×106, 101000×106, 4860×106, 14700×106 con/ml, respectively. According to the findings of this investigation, isolated M14 is particularly efficient on adult filbert aphids. In addition, a larger concentration of fungal suspensions is required in the field to suppress adult aphids than in the laboratory. The additive or synergistic effects were not seen when assessing the interaction between two effective isolates. As a result, the use of isolate M14 in the hazelnut aphid integrated management program (IPM) is suggested.

In this study, we investigated the effects of forest operation on runoff and sediment using small-scale plots. The runoff and sediment samples were collected from 36 sample plots with dimensions of one by two meters in different areas of the operation. We used the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) for modeling, with 65% of the data for training, 10% for validation, and 25% for testing. We evaluated the accuracy of the model using the coefficient of determination (R²), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE), and compared our results with optimized models obtained through trial and error. We collected information and produced runoff and sediment maps using GIS. Our results showed that the most important factors affecting runoff production were soil bulk density, rainfall intensity, slope, rainfall values, percentage of grass cover, and canopy cover percentage. For sediment, the most important factors were rainfall intensity, soil bulk density, slope percentage, and surface cover percentage. The MSE and R values for runoff modeling were 0.009 and 0.9 in the training stage and 0.01 and 0.82 in the test stage, respectively. For sediment modeling, the MSE and R values were 0.01 and 0.86 in the training stage and 4.3 and 0.8 in the test stage, respectively. Our results showed that neural networks have high capability in modeling runoff and sediment in forest lands. We also conducted an overlap analysis to measure the accuracy, precision, and efficiency of the results and methods presented in our study. Therefore, the proposed model can be used to combine ANN and GIS in the simulation and modeling of runoff and sediment in forest areas."

To help harness and prevent land grabbing in forest and rangeland, a research project was conducted to identify the causes of this phenomenon. The main purpose is to identify the factors affecting the occurrence and spread of land grabbing from various aspects. The principles and indicators of the evaluation of land administrative systems method have been used to determine the study framework and the Delphi method was used to ask experts, analyze and determine the land grabbing factors and final conclusion. The research and questioning of 15 experts were carried out for about 2 years. The effect of each factor on land grabbing was measured by the Likert scale in Delphi method. During the study, 39 cases were identified as the effective factors in land grabbing. The existence of rent-seeking, lack of land management program, and weakness in increasing the level of public awareness and creating a culture for the preservation of forests and rangelands are recognized by experts as the most important factors of land grabbing. It can be concluded that land grabbing is a phenomenon resulting from social, economical, managerial, legal, historical and cultural contexts in the society and since it is considered as the biggest economical corruption in the country, more hardware and software measures are needed to prevent it.

Examining and monitoring the history of changes in fire regimes in forests and pastures has a key role in the current and future planning of fire management in natural areas. The purpose of this study was to monitor the temporal changes of fire events in the past and the possibility of predicting future fire events using the time series model in Kermashah Province. For this purpose, MODIS time series data of fire events were collected from 2002 to 2018. Then an appropriate time series model was used to predict fire events. The results showed that the incidence of fire in the forests and pastures of Kermashah during the study period had a slight but significant upward trend. It was also observed seasonality in fire events and the maximum incidents in the forests and rangelands of Kermanshah occurred in late summer and early autumn, respectively. Considering the seasonality of fire events and the model fit criteria, the seasonal ARIMA (Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) model was selected and the results showed that the model had an acceptable validity for furcating the future fire events. According to the forecast, the incidence of fires will relatively increase in both forests and rangelands compared to previous years with a relative statistical confidence of 98%. The results of this study, which showed the general trend, seasonality and the possibility of predicting fires, can be considered as a good solution in proper planning for fire management in forests and pastures.

Forests may be heavily damaged during armed conflict. The key question is which rules created in international humanitarian law to protect forests during armed conflicts It can be said that, despite the few rules, some of them can be identified in the set of international rules. This paper attempts to answer this question by using a descriptive-analytic method. These are two categories. First, the general rules that encompass the area of forest law, in addition to the humanitarian law. Secondly, specific rules that specifically cover vegetation and forests, including the Protocol on the Prohibition of the Use of Firearms and the ENMOD Convention. The basic presumption of this article is based on the answer to the main question is rules on the forest protection during armed conflict are few and need to be developed in international humanitarian law for better the protection of forests.

Despite the efforts made in the formation of non-governmental organizations and their role in the protection and sustainability of natural resources, non-governmental organizations have not yet been able to gain a proper position. The aim of this study was to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing NGOs in environmental and sustainable forest management. The study population included experts and members of 12 natural resources and environment non-governmental organizations in Golestan province, 120 of whom were selected as the sample. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire in which the questions were designed based on the opinions of experts and members of non-governmental organizations obtained during 60 interviews. SWOT method was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the weight of strengths is more than the weight of weaknesses and the weight of threats is more than the weight of opportunities faced by NGOs. Based on the results of analyzing internal and external factors, the best strategy for NGOs is an offensive strategy that emphasizes the use of existing strengths and opportunities to expand the activities of NGOs.

Land degradation and environmental heterogeneities are factors that affect forest ecosystems worldwide and their characteristics. Despite the significant role of soil seed bank to the rehabilitation of degraded plant communities, the floristic studies in many terrestrial ecosystems have focused only on aboveground vegetation. This study carried out to investigate the effect of land-use change from forest to agriculture and long-term and short-term abundance of this disturbance on aboveground vegetation and soil seed bank in Cheghasabz forest park in Ilam County. A total of 66 sample plots (1 m × 1 m) were established using a random systematic method to measure the aboveground vegetation. For soil seed bank, around each of the sample plots, a sample 20 cm × 20 cm area to a depth of 10 cm randomly collected. The seedling emergence method (in greenhouse) and the Braun-Blanquet cover-abundance scale was used to study of soil seed bank and vegetation, repectively. The results showed that in all three studied areas, the number of species in the soil seed bank decreased compared to aboveground vegetation. The dominant life form in the three studied areas were therophytes for both the soil seed bank and aboveground vegetation. The phytocorya distribution of plant species in all land uses also showed that the elements of Irano-Turanian and Iran-Touran-Mediterranean are dominant for both soil seed bank and aboveground vegetation. The density of soil seed bank decreased significantly in agricultural land use. Along DCA axes, based on soil seed bank and aboveground vegetation two distinct vegetation composition separated. The first group includes plots of the soil seed bank and aboveground vegetation in long-term abandoned lands and forest stands, and the second group consisted of seed bank and vegetation of short-term abandoned lands. Long-term abandonment from agriculture as a management measure and relying on the seed bank can be efficient in restoration of vegetation and returning to pre-disturbance conditions.

Estimation of forest aboveground biomass is important in regional carbon policies and sustainable forest management. Since forests are the largest carbon store, it is important to evaluate the forest biomass to estimate carbon storage and its impacts on climate change in global scale. Optical and active microwave remote sensing data both play important roles in forest biomass monitoring. Our aims in this research are biomass modeling and estimation using multilayer perceptron neural network in Gorazbon district, Kheyroud Forest in Mazandaran province. Estimation was performed using the Landsat and ALOS PALSAR dataset and also 201 ground sample plots in two years of 2007 and 2012. The capability of the ALOS PALSAR Global Mosaic product with 25 m resolution was also evaluated in biomass estimation. The effects of environmental factors such as slope and aspect were specifically evaluated on the accuracy of biomass estimation. Finally, the best model was presented in 2012 by ALOS PALSAR Global Mosaic product with R2= 0.83 and RMSE = 108.99 which has very little difference from other optical and radar images. According to the research results, newer sensors using up-to-date technology will deliver much better results compared to the previous generations. Of course, to ensure these results, it is necessary to conduct additional studies in this field as well.

The Heart moth had outbreaks in forest regions of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in recent years. During, 2011-2012 biologicol aspects of this moth were studied in field and laboratory conditions. For this purpose from the first of February to end of June in this province twenty trees were selected and eggs, different larval stages and pupa on four twigs in four geographical directions were surveyed weekly. The adults emergence and flypeak were determined by light trap and adult fly peak were recorded. Surveys were conducted to pest owerwintering determination The results indicated that different larval stages feed on buds and leaf. The larval longevity were 22± .26 and 29± .14 days and pupal longevity were 8± .3 and 11± .16 days in laboratory and field condition respectively. The adult longevity were 7± .2 and 9±.11. Then the adults mated and females laid eggs in group on the end of top twigs under scales that caused by females. This pest have one generation per year and owerwintered as egg. The moth were idendified by Dr. abai in last years.

In this survey, species diversity of sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) in north forests Iran was studied. Eight Malaise traps were installed in Mazandaran and Golestan at different forest sites from March to November of the year 2016. Sampling procedures were similar at different locations. The collected specimens were identified to species level and the number of each species was counted. Totally, 37 species were collected and identified. The species diversity were calculated by software SDR4. Results showed based on indices of evenness, richness and diversity that Shamooshak forest in Golestan and Haftkhal forest in Mazandaran with 18 and 14 species respectively had the highest diversity. Moreover, diversity and evenness in Golestan was more comparing to than Mazandaran province. Among all species, Tenthredopsis ornata with 127 specimens (37.79%), Cladius pectinicornis with 58 specimens (17.26%), and Allantus didymus with 34 specimens (10.12%) had the most abundance respectively.

In this study, a rapid and efficient protocol was developed for in vitro plantlet regeneration of Lasora (Cordia myxa L.) using different explants. Seperate experiments, one for shoot regeneration optimization, one for proliferation, and one for induction were conducted in this study. Factorial design 3*7 based on compeletly randomized design was used for shoot regeneration but just compeletly randomized design used for proliferation and induction. The highest frequency of shoot regeneration (4.33) from cotyledon was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 4.0 mg/l kinetin (KIN) and 0.01 mg/l 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The explants started regenerating shoots after 15-21 days in culture. To proliferation the regenerated shoot, the explants were transferred to MS medium containing different concentrations of KIN or BAP with 0.01 mg/l NAA. Shoot multiplication and elongation took place on the same medium. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at 1.0 mg/l was most effective for root regeneration. Using the current protocol, it tooks 2 months to regenerate plantlets. The in vitro regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimatized and established in greenhouse conditions.

Today, one of the major concerns in the world and Iran is land use change from forests and pastures to agricultural lands which causes soil quality mitigation and global climate change. One of the indicators of soil quality and health is the evaluation of microbial activity and the estimation of microbial biomass of the soil, which in a short time responding to management practices in different ecosystems. This research was conducted to study the effect of climate and forest, pasture and agricultural land uses on soil microbial activities and biomass in Ilam province in 2016. The impact of climate was considered with selection of two regions including Ayvan, with semi-humid climate and Ganjavan, with semi-arid climate. Three land uses including forest, pasture and agricultural land were investigated in each region. After field studies in the land uses, five soil samples were randomly taken from 0-10 and 10-30 cm depths. In laboratory, soil microbial properties including microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, basal respiration and substrate induced respiration as well as soil organic carbon were measured. The results showed that the highest organic carbon and basal respiration were obtained in the Ayvan climate with forest ecosystem to be 42.54 and 20.72 percent, respectively. Agriculture land use in both climates had the least amount of these properties. Organic carbon, base respiration and substrate induced respiration decreased in different land use with increasing soil depth. The microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in forest and rangeland land use in Ayvan climate were higher than Ganjun climate. The highest microbial biomass carbon (813 mg g-1 soil) was obtained in forest land use at topsoil (0-10 cm). Soil microbial biomass decreased with increasing soil depth. Soil metabolic coefficient in subsoil (10-30 cm) was higher than topsoil (0-10 cm), and the highest metabolic coefficient of soil (0.179 percent) was observed in subsoil (10-30 cm) with agricultural land use. The lowest metabolic coefficient (0.087 percent) was observed in the soil surface (0-10 cm) with forest land use. In general, the results showed that in dry climate, by changing the land use from forests to pasture and agronomy land in dry climate decreased organic carbon and soil microbial activity. Therefore, correct land management in semi-humid and semi-arid regions can play an important role in improving soil quality and health.

The experts in various fields consider the legal shortcomings as a factor in illegal obtaining of forests and rangelands (National Lands) in Iran. Therefore, it was necessary to analyze the shortcomings and problems of the law acts and regulations related to the forests and rangelands in a scientific framework. These questions were raised which of the forest and rangeland-related acts and regulations are in shortcoming and problem? And which acts and regulations of other sectors conflict with the protection of National Lands? In order to answer these questions, a research study was conducted using the Delphi method, which is based on a survey of experts. According to the results of the research, 19 acts and regulations on the illegal acquisition of forests and rangelands areas have problems and shortcomings. “The Organization, Duties and Selection of Islamic Councils of the State and the Choice of Mayors act (1996)” was voted as the most problematic law act in the field of forest and rangeland conservation. Some reasons for the problems of  acts and regulations were mentioned as the ignorance of Natural Resources Management organizations in some of the allocations and their failure to inquire, the disruption of nationality of forests and rangelands, the non-deterrence of penalties for certain acts because of the low amount of penalties, the permission to carry out illegal construction in the forests and rangelands, the establishing conditions that facilitate the free allocation of forests and rangelands, and facilitate the National Lands documents issuance in the name of persons. Finally, a number of law acts and regulations in the country regarding the maintenance of forests and rangelands are in shortcomings and problems that need to be amended or revoked.

In this research, the fauna of parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera) was studied in 14 forest regions in Mazandaran province (northern Iran) during 2010-2016. The sampled areas were: Fin Forest Park in Chalus, Dohezar and Sehezar Forests in Tonekabon, Mirza-Kochak-Khan Forest Park in Amol, Dalkhani Forest in Ramsar, Lajim Forest in Sari, Shahid Zare Forest Park in Sari, Khoshroudpey Forest in Galogah, Palang-Darreh in Shirgah, Urim Forest in Savadkooh, Telar Forest Park in Qaemshahr, Asal-Mahalleh in Ramsar, Javarem Forest Park in Zirab, Pahneh-Kola Village in Sari, and Seyed Abusaleh Village in Qaemshahr. In total, 85 parasitoid species within 67 genera and eight families, Braconidae (23 species, 15 genera), Chalcididae (two species, two genera), Chrysididae (four species, three genera), Encyrtidae (six species, six genera), Eulophidae (two species, two genera), Ichneumonidae (41 species, 33 genera), Mymaridae (single species) and Pteromalidae (six species, five genera) were collected and identified. Seven species, Aleiodes pallidicornis (Herrich-Schäffer, 1838), Apanteles parasitellae (Bouché 1834) (Braconidae), Cryptus moschator (Fabricius, 1787), Gelis karakurti (Rossikov, 1904) (Ichneumonidae), Mokrzeckia menzeli Subba Rao, 1981, Solenura ania (Walker, 1846), Solenura nigra (Walker, 1872) (Pteromalidae) are new records for the fauna of Iran.

SWOT framework was used to analyze the components of the marketing mix. Identification and acknowledgment of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats was conducted using interview questionnaire, then A comprehensive questionnaire was developed using Super Decision-Q software. According to the object and purpose of the present study, due to lack of relations, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique was used to analyze the data. Experienced non-wood forest products businessmans, university professors and experienced stakeholders were qualified as an expert. Sampling was selective and experts were selected according to literacy and experience in each stage. The results of analysis of five components of the marketing mix using SWOT framework for components of the product, price, place, promotion and the environment showed that the unique quality of products in the province, imports of cheap foreign products, the possibility of transportation with a variety of vehicles, government support for employment initiatives taken in the field of processing and promotion of suitable harvesting with respect to the weight of 0.152, 0.193, 0.226, 0.155 and 0.118 are the most important strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Livelihoods of rural communities living in the northern Zagros forests is largely dependent on the forest. Given the importance and economic value of non-wood forest products, marketing mix of West Azerbaijan province in this study were analyzed. This research regarding the purpose is applicable and regarding the method is descriptive. SWOT framework was used to analyze the components of the marketing mix. Identification and acknowledgment of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats was conducted using interview questionnaire, then A comprehensive questionnaire was developed using Super Decision-Q software. According to the object and purpose of the present study, due to lack of relations, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique was used to analyze the data. Experienced non-wood forest products businessmans, university professors and experienced stakeholders were qualified as an expert. Sampling was selective and experts were selected according to literacy and experience in each stage. The results of analysis of five components of the marketing mix using SWOT framework for components of the product, price, place, promotion and the environment showed that the unique quality of products in the province, imports of cheap foreign products, the possibility of transportation with a variety of vehicles, government support for employment initiatives taken in the field of processing and promotion of suitable harvesting with respect to the weight of 0.152, 0.193, 0.226, 0.155 and 0.118 are the most important strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats