جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « دیواره سلولی » در نشریات گروه « زراعت »

In order to evaluate the forage quantity and quality of Sorghum in intercropping with soybean, a field experiment was carried out as a factorial based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, during the 2016 growing season. The first factor included different planting patterns with eight levels (soybean monocultures with densities of 40 and 50 plants m-2, sorghum monocultures with densities of 10 and 15 plants m-2, and intercropping of the two plant species with the mentioned densities); the second factor consisted of two levels of inoculation with nitroxin (Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum brasilense) Bio-fertilizers and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas flurescence) and non-inoculation. The results showed that the highest (25.59 tons ha-1) and lowest total dry forage yield was obtained in intercropping soybean (with densities of 40 and 50 plants m-2) + sorghum (15 plants m-2) with inoculation and soybean monocultures (with densities of 40 and 50 plants m-2) without inoculation, respectively. Also, the highest and lowest values of forage ash, digestible dry matter (DDM) and net energy of lactation (NEL) were obtained in intercropping soybean (50 plants m-2) + sorghum (10 plants m-2) and monoculture of sorghum (15 plants m-2), respectively. The highest content of the acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was obtained in the monoculture of sorghum (15 plants m-2) without inoculation. In addition, application of bio-fertilizer increased the content of crude protein (CP), DDM, dry matter intake (DMI) and NEL by 6.29, 1.71, 3.29 and 2.72%, respectively, as compared to the control. Also, the highest land equivalent ratio and monetary advantage intercropping (MAI) were achieved in the intercropping of soybean (50 plants m-2) + sorghum (15 plants m-2). Generally, intercropping of soybean (50 plants m-2) + sorghum (15 plants m-2) and soybean (50 plants m-2) + sorghum (10 plants m-2) could be introduced as the best treatment in terms of forage quantity and quality, respectively.

In order to evaluate the forage quality in grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) intercropping with application of mycorrhiza fungus (Glomus intraradices), a field experiment was carried out as a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with 10 treatments and 3 replications at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Iran during 2017 growing season. Treatments included planting patterns (sole planting of grass pea and barley, 75% grass pea+ 25% barley, 50% grass pea+ 50% barley, 25% grass pea+ 75% barley) with and without mycorrhiza inoculation. The highest water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and crude fiber (CF) were achieved in monoculture of inoculated and no-inoculated barley and 25% grass pea+ 75% barley planting patterns. Also, the highest neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) belonged to monocultures of barley, while the lowest NDF and ADF related to grass pea sole cropping. Thus, the highest total digestible nutrients (TDN), dry matter intake (DMI), digestible dry matter (DDM) and net energy for lactation (NEL) were obtained in monoculture of inoculated grass pea. In addition, inoculation with Glomus intraradices improved the mixture forage quality by reducing the concentration of ADF and ADF, while DDM, DMI, TDN and RFV were increased. Overall, based on the examined quality indices, inoculated grass pea was found potent to produce a good-quality forage.

Maize has an important role in livestock nutrition. Thus, improving its forage quality through agronomical managements seems to be of high importance. To evaluate quality traits of forage maize cultivars in response to plant densities, a factorial experiment based on RCBD with three replications was carried out at the Research Station of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh during 2013-2014 growing season. The first factor was plant density with three levels (93000, 105000 and 119000 plant.ha-1) and the second factor was maize cultivars with five levels (Zola, Simon, NS, 540 and 370). Results of the experiment indicated that dry matter production was affected by the interaction of plant density and cultivar, where cultivar 540 produced the highest dry forage (980 g.m-2) by density of 119000 plant.h-1 and cultivar NS the lowest (933 g.m-2) dry forage by density of 93000 plant.m-2. However, all cultivars under study produced higher dry matter under higher plant densities. It was also observed that Zola cultivar, with 638 g.kg-1 of hemicellulose, had the lowest forage quality. Other cultivars were in the same statistical group. Phosphorous content of forage was in its highest value in 93000 plant density, while calcium content was not affected by plant density. Lower plant densities resulted in higher crude protein content. Cultivar no. 540 produced the highest crude protein yield (kg.ha-1) suggesting its superiority to the other cultivar. This cultivar can be recommended for growing in this region and other regions with same climatic conditions for producing high quality and quantity of maize forage production.

Two greenhouse-cucumber cultivars, Festival and Negeen that are resistant and susceptible to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-cucumerinum, respectively, were used for histopathological studies. On days 3, 6, 10 and 18 after artificially inoculation with fungal plugs that were placed as close as possible to the crown and root of seedlings, samples were prepared from crown and roots of infected plants. After sectioning, fixation and staining, samples were investigated microscopically. Cortex tissue discoloration, tissue disintegration, development of mycelium in cortex of root and increasing in production of pectic compounds occurred in infected tissues. Pathogen growth, disintegration and discoloration in resistant cultivar restricted to the superficial layers of cortex, while in susceptible cultivar these phenomena developed in whole root system and reached to the vascular stele. The pectic compounds production in infected tissues started a few days after inoculation and the level of these compounds in resistant cultivar was higher than susceptible cultivar at day 18 after inoculation. According to these results, cell wall rigidity and level of cell wall pectic compounds can be considered as two important components of resistance in breeding programs for development of resistant cultivars to the disease.