جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « فرسایش خاک » در نشریات گروه « زراعت »

Soil erosion causes storms and the release of fine dust. This has a significant impact on climate change and creates global problems. The first effect of dust on agriculture is in the field of reduced production, reduced diversity and reduced vegetation density because fine dust is a factor that causes negative effects on plant physiology. geomorphological features, soil type and vegetation are the most influential factors in desertification and dust production. Strengthening natural ecological cycles and rehabilitating forests and plantation pastures is the best basic solution to control wind erosion. The main widely used plant species in arid and saline areas are halophyte rangeland species. Among these, two plant species of Salsola imbricata and Salicornia iranica grow well in the desert pastures of Iran. These two species of halophyte due to their unique characteristics, such as drought resistance, salinity, deep root system, high efficiency in water use, etc. as an important forage plant in soils It is considered dry and is important for planting in saline lands where other crops are not producing well or in areas where irrigation with saline water is possible. But on the other hand, determining the most appropriate planting date means determining the time when vegetative and reproductive growth of the plant is most in harmony with climatic factors and the plant is less exposed to adverse environmental conditions. , Plant development and production during the growing season and is one of the most important management factors in the production of all crops in order to reduce the negative effects of environmental stresses. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of planting date on biostability of these two plant species against stress. It was fine.

This experiment was performed as a split in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the crop year 2020 in Pakdasht city. Factors tested include: three planting dates:, 20 March, 3 April and 19 April as the main plots, dust factor at three levels: (control (without dust), dust spread on the plant for 5 days and 10 days) to The sub-plots and species factor (Salicornia iranica, Salsola imbricata) were considered as sub-plots. In order to spray dust on the space plants, a cubic of transparent plastic was made to the dimensions of each plot and was placed on each plot during the application of stress. The time of application of fine dust stress was on the second of July, 1399. The traits of the studied plant species were measured at the flowering stage. For calculation, chlorophyll content (Arnon.1949), membrane lipid peroxidation assay (Yidirim and et al. 2009), measurement of relative leaf water content (Ritchie et al. 1990), protein content assay (Bremner. 1996), carbohydrate assay Soluble (Hasid and Neufield. 1964) 2 plants were selected from each plot and traits were measured. To measure forage yield, 5 plants from each subplot were calculated and weighed.

Among the agronomic factors, planting time is one of the most important factors determining plant yield. Planting date for each species in a specific area should be considered according to the ambient temperature and soil at the time of planting and also based on the non-interference of flowering plant to high temperature. Both species are more suitable, so to achieve the desired forage yield, it is necessary to plant both plants when the average temperature is 25-25 ° C and to avoid planting delays. On the other hand, the storage capacity of more dust in the plant is one of the determining factors in selecting species compatible with fine dust and reducing air pollution. Salsola also showed more dust holding capacity than Salicornia due to waxy leaf cover, slightly wrinkled margins. Therefore, according to the obtained results, Salsola plant can be a better choice for cultivation in the center of fine dust and control of fine dust.

Most saline areas where plants do not have suitable conditions for growth are exposed to soil erosion and desertification. Plant species that are highly resistant to drought and salinity can be cultivated in these areas. These plants can prevent soil erosion. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of planting date and salinity on the biological stability of Salicornia iranica against fine dust stress.

This experiment was performed as a factorial split in a randomized complete block design with three replications during the growing season 2019-2020 in the research farm of the college of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran. Factors tested included: three planting dates: April 1, April 6, April 31 as the main plots, fine dust agent at three levels (control (without applying fine dust), spreading fine dust on the plant for 5 days and 10 days), to Sub-plots were considered in two separate areas: saline area (area one with the salinity of 7.55 dS / m) and non-saline area (area two with the salinity of 2.8 dS / m). The mass used in this experiment was Yazd mass.

The results showed that fine dust treatment and planting date had a significant effect on all traits. The highest membrane stability in zones one and two on the date of first planting in the control treatment was obtained with an average of 79 and 78%, respectively. The highest chlorophyll-a in zones one and two were obtained on the date of the second planting in the control treatment (without application of fine dust) with an average of 76.2 and 77.6 mg per leaf fresh weight, respectively. The highest amount of chlorophyll b in zones one and two on the date of the second planting was obtained in the control treatment (without the application of fine dust) with an average of 58 and 59 mg.g-1 fresh weight, respectively. Comparison of the mean data in region one showed that the highest percentage of relative leaf moisture on the first planting date in non-stress conditions (with an average of 81%) and in region two (salinity 2.8) on the second planting date in the control treatment (Without the application of fine dust) with an average of 80%. The highest and lowest heights of the Salicornia plant were on the second planting date in the control treatment (without application of fine dust) in zone one with an average of 60 cm and the second planting date on the third planting date in the ten-day treatment with a mean of 18 cm, respectively. Was obtained The highest wet and dry forage yields were observed in zones one and two on the second planting date in the control treatment (without application of fine dust) with an average of 218, 9.8, and 107, 77 g.plant-1, respectively.

The results showed that Salicornia performed better in saline soil. On the other hand, the study of traits showed that the planting date could increase the resistance of Salicornia to fine dust stress because in the second planting date, the percentage of reduction in all traits was less than the first and third planting dates. Among the agronomic factors, planting time is one of the most important factors determining plant yield. The planting date for each species in a particular area should be considered according to the ambient temperature and soil at the time of planting and also based on the fact that the plant does not interfere with flowering at high temperatures.

To evaluate the effect of dust on the growth and physiological properties of wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) and wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum), a greenhouse experiment was conducted in the Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran during 2016 and 2017. The experiment was repeated twice in the same greenhouse condition with eight weeks' interval. The pots were arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications. Analysis of variance was done as factorial split in time. The factorial combination of two weeds species (wild mustard and wild barley), and three dust concentrations (0, 750 and 1500 µg m-3) were as the main factors, and four harvest times (8 leaves (BBCH-18), beginning of stem elongation (BBCH-30), beginning of flowering (BBCH-61) and beginning of fruit developing (BBCH-71)) were as the sub-factors. Results indicated that total fresh and dry weights were reduced with increasing the amount of dust. At the BBCH-71 growth stage, 750 and 1500 µg m-3 dust concentrations reduced the total dry weight of both species up to 30 and 48%, respectively. 1500 µg m-3 dust concentration decreased both photosynthesis and transpiration rates by approximately 50%.

In order to evaluate the effects of convention and conservation (no-tillage and reduced tillage) tillage methods on wheat and chickpea yield and yield components and soil physical properties under rainfed conditions in Kermanshah (N: 34°19', E: 47°17'), some experiments were performed in Sararood Dryland Agricultural Research Station during three cropping seasons (2011-2014). In the first year, chickpea was planted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five replications, covering the three tillage methods. In the second and third years, split plot experiments were performed based on RCBD with five replications. The tillage systems located in the main plots while crops, were in sub-plots. Results in the first year showed that, except of soil organic carbon, all studied traits were affected by tillage system (P≤0.01). In the second year, the highest soil moisture was observed in no-tillage plots of chickpea, and the highest yield and yield components were observed in the reduced tillage system of the third year. The no-tillage and reduced tillage systems produced the maximum yield, thousand grain weight and plant height in bread wheat. In general, most of the traits were influenced by tillage types. Regarding the results of the experiments and the other benefits of conservation tillage, reduced tillage recommended as a good replacement for conventional tillage in dryland areas of Kermanshah.