جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « کشاورزی دیم » در نشریات گروه « زراعت »

In order to select genotypes with high and stable yield, recent research was conducted as uniform regional trials including 16 selected lentil genotypes in four regions of Gachsaran, Khorramabad, Moghan and Ilam, during two cropping years. Genotypes stability was assessed through using parametric and non-parametric statistics. Stable genotypes based on CVi had lower than average yields. Regarding regression coffecicient and deviation from regression, in total, genotype 10 was determined as the most stable genotype by considering yield. Rick equivalence and chokella variance statistics identified genotypes 12, 1, and 10 as stable genotypes. based on Hanson (Di) statistic, genotypes 12, 13 (low yield average) and 9, 10 (high yield average) were more stable and based on coefficient of determination, G9, G12 and G10 were more stable genotypes. Based on Kang index (YSi), genotypes 9, 10, and 2 were identified as stable genotypes. Regarding the results of nonparametric statistics of Nasar and Hyun (Si 1,2,3,6) and Tanarazo (NPi 1,2,3,4), more stable genotypes had lower yield than average. According to TOP statistic, genotypes 9, 11, and 5 were ranked in the top. The SIIG index also identified genotypes 4, 3, 13 and 10 as the most stable genotypes, of which only genotype 10 had higher than average performance.

In order to evaluate grain yield of wheat cultivars in two planting dates and determination of proper cultivars for autumn and entezari culture, a study is carried out during two years, between 2015 and 2017 in Torogh research station in Mashhad. Two planting dates of autumn and entezari culture are the main plot and 16 genotypes of wheat (14 cultivars and 2 promising lines), including Baran, Rasad, Sardari, Sabalan, Crosssabalan, Rijav, Karim, Koohdasht, Dehdasht, Azar2, Homa, Ohadi, Ghaboos, and Aftab cultivars are the subplot. Results show that significant difference exist between cultivars in terms of agronomic characteristics and grain yield. Flowering date of cultivars differ and no cultivar start flowering in the optimum temperature range for flowering. Cultivars of Karim and Rijav with mean yield of 1430 and 1326 kg/ha, respectively, have had the maximum yield and cultivars of Ohadi and Rasad with mean yield of 893 and 925 kg/ha, respectively, the minimum. The difference between maximum and minimum grain yield is about 60%. Delay in planting leads to delay in pollination in all cultivars; therefore, autumn planting date could be recommended. Also for autumn planting, cultivars of Karim and Rijav can be advised and for entezari planting date only spring cultivars such as Karim and Aftab are recommended.

To investigate the effect of climate and tillage system on rainfed wheat and chickpea grain yield and some soil properties in Lorestan province, an experiment was conducted as factorial arrangements in randomized complete block design with three replications. Three tillage systems included: conventional tillage, minimum tillage, and no-tillage, in three cold climates (Nurabad), warm (Kuhdasht) and temperate (Khorramabad) in Lorestan province, Iran, in 2017-18 cropping seasons. Combined analysis of variance revealed that the effect of climate and tillage systems on wheat grain yield and soil bulk density as well as climate and tillage system interaction effect on chickpea grain yield, soil volumetric moisture content, organic carbon content, and soil temperature was significant. The results showed that the highest wheat grain yield (2512.22 kg ha-1) obtained in Kuhdasht and between tillage systems in minimum tillage system (2422.78 kgha-1). The highest grain yield of chickpea obtained in Kuhdasht under the minimum tillage system (1828.8 kg ha-1). The lowest soil bulk density (1.29 g cm-3) obtained in Kuhdasht under conventional tillage system. The highest soil volumetric moisture content (22.09 %), the highest soil organic carbon (2.01 %), and the lowest soil temperature (21.7 ◦C) obtained in Khorramabad under no-tillage system. The results of this research showed that the highest grain yield obtained in the minimum tillage system, and lowest in no-tillage system for both crops. There was no significant difference between conventional tillage and no-tillage system for grain yield of wheat. Kuhdasht had the lowest soil bulk density under the conventional tillage system which was not significantly different from minimum tillage in Khorramabad. Based on the results of this research, grain yield of wheat and chickpea and soil properties were reasonable under minimum tillage system in dryland farming of Lorestan province in Iran.

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a pulse crop with high nutritional properties and is an important source for food, feed and forage. It is a drought-tolerant crop that is mainly cultivated in dryland farming and able to fix nitrogen at least 20-60 kg/ha. Nitrogen fixation and other characteristics of this crop are the reasons for expansion of chickpea cultivated land and use of this crop in rotation with other crops. It has been reported that planting date, cultivar and seed density have the important effects on quantity and quality of chickpea seed. Traditionally chickpea is planted in early spring in mostly cultivated land in Mediterranean regions and specially in our country and Khorasan Razavi province, while this crop could be cultivated in autumn or early of winter and reported that these planting dates had improved seed yield. Diverse cultivars of dryland chickpea with special characteristics have been introduced in our country that have the ability to adopt in dryland regions and increase the yield in unit area of dryland cultivation. Also has been reported that seed density affects on chickpea yield in dryland conditions. With attention to these matters, the aim of this experiment was determination of optimum planting date, introduction of proper chickpea cultivars and seed density for improvement of seed yield and developed chickpea cultivated land in dryland conditions of khorasan Razavi provinces.

In order to evaluate the effects of planting date and seed density on three cultivars and two landraces of chickpea, an experiment with split-split plot in randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted on Torogh agricultural and natural resources research station in 2015-2016. Treatments included of two planting dates, end of autumn (2015 Dec. 27) and usual planting date (2016 Mar. 8) as main plot, five genotypes of chickpea, included of Saral, Jam, Binalood cultivars and Neyshaboor and Ghouchan landraces as sub plot and two seed density of 40 and 50 seed/m-2 as sub-sub plot. After moldboard plow and disc, base fertilizer added to soil and plots determined. Each plot included of 6 row with 4 meter length and 25 centimeter row width. Weeding was made by hand and pest control was made by pesticides. Growth stages recorded weekly and in ripening stage, 5 plants harvested from each plot for determining of yield components and then whole plant of each plot harvested for seed yield determination.

Results showed that besides of yield and yield components, growth stage of studied genotype was affected by planting dates. Saral cultivar that was early maturity in first planting date, in second planting date was late. Also results showed that most of studied traits significantly were affected by planting date and with delay in planting date they significantly reduced. There was significant differences between planting dates and studied chickpea genotypes for many traits such as plant height, number of pod per plant, harvest index, biological yield, 100seed weight and grain yield. Mean grain yield of first planting date was 860 kg/ha that had significant advantage to second date (360 kg/ha). Jam cultivar and Neyshaboor landrace with mean yield of 761 and 764 kg/ha had the greater mean grain yield than other cultivars in two planting dates, but Jam and Saral cultivars and Neyshaboor landrace with grain yield of 1038, 900 and 908 kg/ha, respectively in first planting date, had the most yield and Binalood cultivar in second date with 30 kg/ha had the least seed yield among cultivars in this experiment.

 First planting date (27 Dec. 2015) improved the quantity and quality of produced grain in all cultivars and therefore is preferred to traditional planting date (8 Mar. 2016) and recommended. In the end of autumn planting date Saral and Jam cultivars and Neyshaboor landrace are best for cultivation from quantity aspect of grain production but if marketing is considered, because of small grain of Neyshaboor landrace (100seed weight was 17.7 g), Jam and Saral cultivars with 100seed weight of 25.9 and 26.8 g, respectively are appropriate for first planting date. In this study reaction of cultivars to planting date was differed and this point must be considered in selection of cultivars for each planting date. Seed density had not significant effect on the most important traits and therefore lower density will be recommended. With this considerations, chickpea has the potential as a useful crop in rotation with other dryland crops.