جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "calcium carbonate" در نشریات گروه "زراعت"

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different water hardness levels on the efficacy of clodinafop-propargyl and mesosulfuron+iodosulfuron+mefenpyr-diethyl with and without adjuvants in control of winter wild oat (Avena ludoviciana). The experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design in factorial arrangement with three replications at the research greenhouse of Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection during 2017-2019. The experiment factors included herbicides doses at four levels of 25, 50, 75% and 100% of the recommended field rate of each herbicide (the recommended dose for Topik and Atlantis were 64 and 18 g a.i ha-1 , respectively), concentrations of hardness at five levels (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 ppm of Calcium bicarbonate) and different levels of ammonium sulfate and urea ammonium nitrate adjuvants at three levels (0, 1 and 2% v/v). The results indicated that the water hardness higher than 500 ppm led to a reduction in the efficacy of clodinafop-propargyl in control of winter wild oat. However, the efficacy of mesosulfuron+iodosulfuron+mefenpyr-diethyl was not influenced by any level of water hardness. According to the results of this experiment, the use of ammonium sulfate 2% or ammonium urea nitrate 1 to 2% reduced the negative effects of hard water containing calcium carbonate with a concentration of more than 500 ppm on the effectiveness of the herbicide clodinafop-propargyl, and reduced the recommended dose of this herbicide by 25 to 50%. Furthermore, the use of ammonium sulfate 2% or urea ammonium nitrate 1% increased the efficacy of mesosulfuron+iodosulfuron+mefenpyr-diethyl.

The effect of salicylic acid and calcium carbonate on water use efficiency and some physiological characteristics of maize (Zea mays L.) under water deficiency condition in Marvdasht, Fars Province Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of salicylic acid and calcium carbonate application on water use efficiency and some physiological characteristics of maize as Split factorial based on Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications during 2010 and 2011 growing season. The main factor was irrigation levels including three levels (75 mm, 100 mm and 125 mm pan evaporation), from four-leaf stage to the end of growing season and the secondary factors were spraying of four concentration of salicylic acid (control, 1 mM 1.3 mM and 1.7 mM) from the four-leaf stage to the end of growing season and application of four concentration of calcium (control, 1 kg per hectare, 2 kg per hectare and 3 kg per hectare). The studied traits were leaf area index, chlorophyll a and b, proline, grain protein and grain yield. The treatments of Hormone concentration of 1.7 mM and 3 kg per hectare of calcium carbonate at all levels of irrigation caused significant increase in studied traits. Key words: maize, water deficit stress, salicylic acid, calcium carbonate and yield.

Reducing iron solubility in calcareous soils causes iron chlorosis symptoms in the plant. In order to investigate the response of M. scutellata to direct and indirect iron deficiency, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. The experimental factors included three levels of lime (0, 4 and 8%) and five levels of Fe (0, 5 and 10 mg Fe Kg soil-1 as soil application and 0 and 2.1 µM Fe as foliar spray). Zero Fe concentrations in soil and foliar Fe fertilization was considered as control-S and control-F treatment, respectively. The results showed that the amendment of 8% CaCO3 in control treatments caused typical Fe deficiency symptoms, including decreases in chlorophyll, total and extractable leaf Fe concentration, protein, leaf relative water content, membrane stability index and increases in leaf total phenolic and flavonoid concentration when compared to 0% lime. The soil and foliar Fe fertilisation led to the improvement of Fe chlorosis, increases in chlorophyll, Fe, protein, and decreases in concentration of phenolic compounds in three levels of lime. The foliar Fe fertilization in three levels of lime increased total and extractable leaf Fe content, compared to two soil Fe treatments, but foliar Fe fertilization (in 4 and 8% of lime) yielded progressively lower leaf phenolic compounds. The highest leaf chl concentration in 8% lime was observed in 10 mg Fe Kg soil-1 and foliar Fe fertilization. The presented data indicate that the use of foliar application of Fe (Fe- EDDHA) is potent to reduce the effects of lime induced chlorosis in plants in calcareous soils.

In order to study the effect of priming on the germination and growth parameters of vetch seedling under the salinity stress, an experiment was carried out in seed Technology Laboratory of Ramin's Natural Resources and Agriculture University, Khuzestan. The experiment was carried with three replications. The salinity treatments were applied in four levels: o (Control), 6,12 and 18 DS/m by levels of priming of different resources including gibberellic acid (25 mg/kg), calcium carbonate (20g/L), salicylic acid (25 mg/kg), polyethylene glycol (15 times), water(PH=8.04, EC=2.41), distillated water and control (without priming). The results showed that the different levels of salinity lead to decrease the seed germination and seedling growth parameters in all primed and non-primed seeds. Moreover, the priming caused to improve the germination in all levels of salinity compared to control group (without priming). Among these, the prime of calcium carbonate had a positive role in reducing the effect of salinity stress on the parameters such as seed germination and seedling growth so that the primed seeds by calcium carbonate had less reduction in above-mentioned parameters than other primed seeds

In order to study the effect of different levels of soil nitrogen concentration and water hardness on glyphosate efficacy in redroot pigweed control, an experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design in factorial arrangement with three replications in 2011 at the College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Experimental treatments were included of soil nitrogen content at 5 levels (18, 50, 90, 200 and 300 mg/kg soil), glyphosate doses at 7 levels ( , 75, 100, 125, 150, 175 and 200 % of glyphosate recommended dose for redroot pigweed), and calcium carbonate concentration in water as an index of water hardness at 5 levels ( 0, 100, 300, 600 and 1200 ppm). Spray solution was applied at 8-10 redroot pigweed leaf stage and 30 days after spray plants survival and shoot dry matter was measured. Results showed, herbicide rate, soil nitrogen content and water hardness significantly affected (P≤0.01) on growth and survival of redroot pigweed. Increasing herbicide doses decreased redroot pigweed survival and growth in pure water spraying. Increasing water hardness decreased glyphosate efficacy in control of redroot pigweed and increased glyphosate ED50 parameter. Minimum (906 gr. a.i ha-1) and maximum 1606 gr. a.i ha-1) glyphosate ED50 for redroot pigweed was observed in 0 and 1200 ppm of water hardness. Increasing soil nitrogen content from 18 to 300 (mg/kg soil) increased glyphosate efficacy in redroot pigweed and glyphosate ED50 decreased from 1745.2 to 896.49 (gr. a.i ha-1).

To assess the effects of two types of substrate (wheat straw and sugar cane bagasse) and different levels of calcium carbonate (0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% of dry weight of substrate) and different levels of ammonium sulfate (200, 500 and 700 mg/ kg dry weight of substrate) on growth and yield of P. florida a factorial experiment in 3 replications was done. Based on the growth results, yield and biological efficiency of wheat straw substrate (267.43g in per bag, 67.88%) was significantly higher than sugarcane bagasse substrate (110.5g in per bag, 33.64%). The use of calcium carbonate and ammonium sulfate in the substrate increased the yield and biological efficiency of P. florida but various levels of them showed no significant difference. Both substrates were not significantly different in terms of protein content of pinhead. The use of calcium carbonate in substrate decreased the protein content of pinhead and the use of ammonium sulfate in substrate increased the protein content of pinhead.

In order to study the effect of soil nitrogen content and water hardness on glyphosate efficacy on common lambsquart control, an experiment was carried out as a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement with three replications in 2011 at the College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Experimental treatments were included soil nitrogen content at 5 levels (0, 50, 90, 200 and 300 mg/kg soil), glyphosate doses at 7 levels (0, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175 and 200 % dose guideline glyphosate for common lambsquart), calcium carbonate concentration in water as index of water hardness at 5 levels (0, 100, 300, 600 and 1200 ppm). Spray was done at 8-10 common lambsquart leaf stage. 30 days after glyphosate spray, plants survival and shoot dry matter was measured. Results showed, herbicide rate, soil nitrogen content and water hardness had significantly affect (P<0.01) on growth and survival of common lambsquart. Increasing herbicide doses decreased common lambsquart survival and growth in pure water spraying. Increasing water hardness decreased glyphosate efficacy in control common lambsquart and increased glyphosate ED50 parameter. The lowest (1453.17 gr. a.i ha-1) and the highest (3424.45 gr. a.i ha-1) glyphosate ED50 for common lambsquart was observed in 0 and 1200 ppm of water hardness. Increasing soil nitrogen content from 18 to 300 (mg/kg soil) increased glyphosate efficacy in common lambsquart and glyphosate ED50 decreased from 3217.03 to 1612.58 (gr. a.i ha-1).

For finding out the effect of nitrogen and calcium carbonate fertilizers on nitrate and nitrogen accumulation in aboveground biomass, calcium concentration and dry weight of leaves of saturja hortensis L., a factorial experiment was carried out on the basis of randomized complete block design with three replicates in Karaj in 2008. The nitrogen fertilizer in four levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 Kg.ha-1) and calcium carbonate (lime) fertilizer in three levels (0, 5 and 10 t.ha-1) was used. Accumulation of nitrate and nitrogen, calcium concentration and dry weight of leaves were measured. The results showed that calcium carbonate had significant effects on nitrogen (p<0.01) and nitrate accumulation (p<0.05) and calcium concentration (p<0.01) but it had not significant effect on dry weight of leaves. Also the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrate and nitrogen accumulation and dry weight of leaves was significant (p<0.01). Results of means comparison of traits showed that by increasing of nitrogen fertilizer and calcium carbonate application, nitrate and nitrogen accumulation in leaves increased and decreased, respectively. In addition, by increasing of nitrogen fertilizer levels, dry weight of Savory leaves increased. In this study, due to reduction of nitrate accumulation, increased yield of savory and economical advantage, the treatment of 5 t.ha-1 calcium carbonate (lime) × 100 kg.ha-1 ammonium nitrate is recommended.