جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "fiber" در نشریات گروه "زراعت"

Maize cultivation is rapidly expanding in the world due to its high adaptability to different weather conditions, and it is an exceptional product that can be effectively used as feed and forage products to meet the ever-increasing needs of livestock. Low irrigation is an approach to increase water productivity with the view of increasing production per unit of water consumption. The research results show that water stress has a significant effect on the quantity and quality of forage. Lack of water is one of the important factors in reducing the level of corn, so this experiment was conducted in order to check the possibility of saving water consumption by using low irrigation method and choosing the best hybrid in low irrigation conditions.

In order to investigate the effects of low irrigation and different maize hybrids on the quantitative and qualitative traits of maize forage in the Gorgan region, an experiment was conducted in split plots arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the Iraqi station of the Gorgan. Low irrigation was implemented in four levels in the main plots (100, 75, 50% and 25% of water requirement) and subplots in four levels (including hybrids SC703, SC704, ZP548 and BK50). To determine the amount of water consumption three days after each irrigation, the amount of moisture was determined by sampling the soil and immediately after reaching 40 to 60% usable moisture, irrigation was done. Irrigation was done as a drip using tapes, the distance between the nozzles was 20 cm and the amount of water output per nozzle was 2 liters per hour. Harvesting was done from the two middle lines by removing half a meter at the beginning of the row and weighed separately (leaf, stem, cob) in a separate laboratory, and their fresh weight was recorded and then placed in an oven with a temperature of 65 degrees Celsius for 72 hours, Then the dry weight was calculated. The samples of dry forage were sent to the laboratory of Forests and Ranges Organization (Tehran) and the amount of protein, fiber and other quality attributes of forage were measured by infrared spectrometry with PertenInformatic 8620. The data were analyzed using SAS 9.1.3 statistical software and the means were compared with the LSD test at the 5% probability level.

The results of analysis of variance showed that low irrigation effect was significant on all studied traits. Also, the effect of the studied hybrids on all the traits was significant except for insoluble fibers in acidic detergent and water-soluble carbohydrates. Also, the interaction effect of hybrid × low irrigation was significant only on forage yield (Total biomass, ear fresh weight, stem and leaf fresh weight, and total dry weight). The results of means comparison showed that the highest biomass yield was observed in the 100% water demand treatment, which was 7.2, 49, and 79.7% higher than the 75, 50, and 25% irrigation treatments, respectively. However, the highest water consumption efficiency with a significant difference compared to other levels was observed in the treatment of 75% water requirement (5.99 kg m-3). Also, with the increase of irrigation levels, the amount of crude protein, crude fiber, water-soluble carbohydrates and insoluble fibers in the neutral environment increased significantly, and among the studied hybrids, the SC703 hybrid had the highest forage yield (43692.4 kg ha-1).

Considering the shortage and high economic value of water, the reduction in rainfall and the occurrence of successive droughts in recent years, optimum use of water can allocate more land to irrigated cultivation in addition to achieving appropriate and economic performance. The results showed that the lack of water reduces all quantitative traits. Among the studied hybrids, SC703 had the highest forage yield per unit area. On the other hand, low irrigation treatment at the level of 75% of the total water requirement is recommended to achieve the highest water consumption efficiency in Gorgan region.

Despite the progress of the livestock industry in Iran, the production of forage plants commensurate with this development has not been considered. Therefore, this study has been conducted during 2017, with the need to produce feed for livestock and poultry and with the aim of determining the best density and planting date on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Guar forage. Taking place in the Rasht Rice research Institute-station located in the Village of GilPordehsar in the Sangar city, it evaluates four planting date (May 12, May 26, June 9, and June 23) and three plant densities (200, 400 and 600 plant.ha-1) factorially in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results show that the planting date of May 26 and the density of 600 plant.ha-1 in terms of fresh forage yield (35.02 t/ha), crude protein (19.02%), dry matter (54.35%), and carbohydrate (26.12%) are superior to other planting dates and plant density under test. The highest yield of dry forage (6.1 t/ha) and neutral detergent fiber (58.23%) has been observed on May 12 and a density of 600 plant.ha-1. The amount of crude fiber has increased with delay in planting, but the percentage of Ash is not affected by different planting dates and densities. According to the results, in order to obtain the highest quantity and quality of forage in Guilan Province, the planting date of May 26 and the density of 600 plant.ha-1 is recommended.

In order To evaluate the effect of yield and components yield of cotton as direct seeding and transplanting systems in Gorgan climatic conditions a randomized complete block study with four replications on Amirabad area of Gorgan in 2016-2017. Experimental treatments were included different sowing methods at seven levels (direct seed sowing at a distance on the row 20 cm at 65,000 plant. ha-1, single planting at 20 and 40 cm, and 65 and 32.5 plant.ha-1, two-plant seedling transplanting. 40 cm density 65 thousand plants.ha-1, single plant transplanting for two lines at 31 and 61 cm and 65 and 32.5 thousand plant.ha-1 and two types of single plant transplanting for 61 lines Cm was 65,000 plants.ha-1). The results of the experiment showed that the planting method treatment affected all the above parameters except the phonological stages. Comparison of mean data showed that transplanting system increased the number of open bolls and total bolls, plant dry weight, fiber weight of one plant and boll, and fiber yield. However, the highest plant height and the number of closed bolls were obtained from direct planting system. Also, the highest mean fiber yield 3595/154 kg.ha-1) was obtained from single plant transplanting system for single planting of 40 cm with a density of 32500 plants. ha-1, which increased fiber yield by 23/40٪ compared to the direct planting system.

One of the solutions to provide part of the forage required by livestock is the dual-purpose use of cereals including hull- less barley genotypes and the reaction of known cultivars in different crops dates. The present experiment in the form of a randomized complete blocks statistical design was performed as a split factorial with three replications in the cropping year of 2018-2019 in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Three planting dates November 11, December 11 and 20 January in the main plots and random combinations of hull- less barley genotypes EH-85-9, EH-87-4, EH-86-12 and Loot and normal barley cultivars ( Zahak cultivar) and two forage harvesting behaviors in stage 31 zadox and non-forage harvesting were compared in subplots. The results showed that with delay in planting, total dry matter yield (14 percent), protein yield (14 percent), leaf area index (38 percent),) and photosynthesis rate (21 percent) decreased. The highest forage yield (15976 kilogram per hectare), protein yield (726 15976 kilogram per hectare) and the lowest percentage of fiber (31 percent) belonged to EH-86-12 genotype. The highest rate of photosynthesis (25 micromolar per square meter per second) and the lowest rate of transpiration rate (2.8 percent) belonged to Loot cultivar. The highest grain yield (5400 kilogram per hectare ) and forage yield (13016 kilogram per hectare) belonged to the planting date of November 11 and EH-86-12 genotype due to higher forage yield and better stability (2 percent reduction) in heat conditions due to delay in planting date and also the possibility of harvesting forage in the vegetative stage with minimal negative impact on grain yield, as a suitable genotype for forage and grain production in Ahvaz and similar areas can be a priority in cultivation, development and more research activities.

In a field experiment, the effects from application of nitrogen and boron on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Varamin cotton variety have been studied at Tehran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center in 2016. The experiment has been carried out, using a randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement with three replications, with the main factor being nitrogen at four levels (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg ha-1) and the sub-factor, involving boron at three levels (no leaf spray, one leaf spray, and two leaf spray). The effects of nitrogen and boron and the interaction of nitrogen and boron on the quantitative traits of cotton, namely the mean number of bolls per plant, average boll weight, fiber yield, and fiber gin out, with the qualitative traits including fiber length and strength. Highest seedcotton yield (5233 kg ha-1), fiber yield (2080 kg ha-1), fiber percentage (40%), fiber length (31.3 mm), and fiber strength (29.7 g / textile) belong to 200 kg N per hectare and twice spraying of boron. There is a correlation between the qualitative properties of the fibers and nitrogen, whose regression relation follows the quadratic equation. Results show that in soils with less than 0.5 mg / kg boron and less than 0.81% organic carbon storage, nitrogen and boron application significantly increases seedcotton and fiber yield and the fiber quality is also improved. Therefore, in such soils, it is recommended to utilize 200 kg N with two times of foliar boron application from boric acid source with a concentration of five per thousand at flowering stage for two weeks thereafter.

An experiment was carried out in calcareous soil with 0.42 mg.kg-1 available boron (B) and 0.33 mg.kg-1 available zinc (Zn) in research farm of Tehran agricultural and natural resources research and education center to determine the effects of boron and zinc application on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of cotton during the two-years study with using a randomized complete block design with the factorial arrangement. Different levels of boron consumption from boric acid source (0, 5, 10 kg ha-1 application in soil and one as leaf spraying treatment) as boron factor and different levels of zinc consumption from zinc sulfate source (0, 30, 60 kg ha-1) application in soil and one as foliar application were considered as zinc factor. The main effects of boron, the main effects of zinc, and the interaction effects of boron and zinc were significant on yield, yield components, and qualitative properties of cotton fibers. The highest yield, number of bolls per plant, single boll weight, intermediate distance, and plant height and fiber length were obtained from the foliar application. To maximize the yield and improve the quality of the fibers, it is recommended to use zinc and boron foliar spray at a concentration of five per thousand twice during the growing period.

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a multipurpose plant; since its seeds contain multi-saturated fatty acids it is grown as an oilseed plant. Drought stress at late season, reduces both seed yield and quality. On the other hand, the use of nanoparticles due to their high contact surfaces can reduce the effects of environmental stresses. Hence, the present study was carried out to investigate the effects of Nano-silicon oxide (10 and 20 mM), Nano-titanium dioxide (25 and 50 mM) and Nano-zinc (30 and 60 mM) on the growth and yield of spring safflower exposed to different moisture regimes (non-stress, drought stress, and severe stress) in 2015. The results of this study showed that the application of nanoparticles decreases the negative effects of drought stress. Among nanoparticles, the application of nano-titanium improved the amount of chlorophyll index, concentration of protein, ash and oil, moisture content, α-amylase activity and canopy temperatures by 11.45, 28.68, 15.47, 14, 38.02, 16.38 and 16.71 percent, respectively. The highest amounts of linoleic and oleic fatty acids were observed in 50 mM nano-titanium treatments and non-application of nanoparticles under drought stress conditions. It can be concluded that application of nanoparticles, especially nano-titanium, may have a positive effect on reducing the effects of drought stress and improve the quality and quantity of safflower seed oil.