جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "minerals" در نشریات گروه "زراعت"

Rootstocks can affect the reaction of the grafted trees to water stress by controlling vegetative growth and nutrients uptake and studying morpho-physiological and nutritional mechanisms and responses of the rootstocks submitted to drought stress would make it feasible to select the tolerant rootstocks. For this purpose, to investigate the effects of drought stress on some clonal Prunus sp. rootstocks, an experiment, in completely randomized design was conducted in a greenhouse in Saman (Sharekord) and Shahrekord University laboratories in 2017-2018.

Rooted cuttings of Cadaman, Myrobalan29c, GF677 and GN15 were planted and maintained under greenhouse conditions employing regular practices including irrigation and nutrients supplementation and pest management for three months. Plants were submitted to drought stress at three levels including 100, 75 and 50% of field capacity for 40 days. Plant height, dry weight, relative water content, water use efficiency, electrolyte leakage and mineral content (P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+ and Zn2+) in leaves and roots were assessed.

The results showed that the total dry weight was significantly decreased under the influence of drought stress. Leaf moisture content and specific leaf weight (SLW) decreased but leaf area ratio (LAR) and specific leaf area (SLA) increased under water deficit condition. Also, due to the drought stress, the greatest decrease in growth rate occurred in Cadaman and Myrobalan29c rootstocks, but no significant changes were observed for GN15 rootstock. Under drought stress conditions, relative water content (RWC) of the leaves decreased, while electrolyte leakage (EL) increased, with the highest figures observed for Myrobalan29c. With the increasing intensity of drought stress, water use efficiency (WUE) decreased for the Cadaman rootstock, but it was increased for GF677 and GN15 rootstocks. While no significant changes were observed for Myrobalan29c rootstock. Drought stress reduced the mineral contents (P, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) in the roots and leaves of the rootstocks. The highest decrease in concentrations of elements such as K+, Ca2+, P and Fe2+ were found for Myrobalan29c and Cadaman rootstocks.

All the tested rootstocks were significantly affected by drought stress, including growth retardation, but they resisted to drought stress at different levels and by varying mechanisms. So that some rootstocks with better use of available water and more nutrients absorption efficiency, showed a greater ability to maintain their biological activities in the face of dehydration. Other rootstocks showed poorer performance against drought stress and underwent damages compared to other rootstocks.

Drought is one of the major environmental constraints that limits plant growth and productivity more than any other environmental factors. Recent Mycorrhizal arbescular application to affeviate drought stress in many plants has been reported. Vermiwash can be used in two forms of foliar application or drench. It contains several enzymes, plant growth hormones, vitamins and macro and micro nutrients which can enhance plants tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress, as well as crop yield efficiency.

In order to investigate Mycorrhizal arbuscular fungi and Vermiwash foliar application on Gazania (Gazania rigens L.) growth and flowering characteristics under drought stress a greenhouse experiment with factorial design was conducted based on complete randomized blocks by considering three factors including MA fungi in two levels (incubation with MA and non- incubated plants), Vermiwash foliar application in four levels (0, 50, 100 and 200 ppm) and imposing drought stress in three levels (irrigation based on 40, 70 and 100% field capacity) with three replications in the greenhouse and laboratory of the Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Tehran University in 2018. Studied traits involved plant height, number and leaf area, flower diameter and number, aerial fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll and carotenoid amount, N, P and K quantity of leaves. Analysis of variance’s results indicated that the influence of main effect of droughtt stress, MA and Vermiwash on the measured traits were considerably functional.

The maximum value of leaf’s carbohydrate was achieved in drought stress with the high severity in 40% of FC witch was 32.46 mg/gr. MA caused elevation in macro elements amount of the leaves. Foliar application of Vermiwash increased flower number and dimention and macro elements amounts as well. Among the Vermiwash treatments, foliat application of 200 ppm treatment reduced the negative effects of drought stress on plants. Comparison of the mean of dual effect of vermicompost in drought stress showed that the highest plant height in 200 ppm Vermiwash was 100% irrigation and the lowest value was in 50 ppm Vermiwash in irrigation 40% of field capacity. The lowest amount of chlorophyll a was observed in 40% water capacity and no Mycorrhizal fungi application. The highest leaf carbohydrate content was observed in irrigation treatments with 40% and 200 ppm Vermiwash.

vegetative growth decreased with increasig drought stress intensity from optimal irrigation level to severe stress. The use of Mycorrhiza and Vermiwash was positive compared to the control (Non-use), consumption of 100 and 200 ppm Vermiwash has better performance than other levels. Gazania responds to intense stress with more intensity than mild stress. It is recommended to prevent severe stress during the plant growth period. In this regard, the use of symbiotic fungi as well as Vermiwash foliar application (100 and 200 ppm) can help maintain plant growth by increasing plant tolerance to increasing stress intensity.

Germination process can be used to improve the nutritional value of pulses. In this research, the effect of the germination process on nutritional values of mung bean such as moisture, protein, fat, ash, crude fiber, carbohydrates, minerals, and phenolic compounds were evaluated. Germination process was carried out with soaking mung bean seeds for 24 hours and then incubating them in the wet condition for 48 and 72 hours at 15 °C and 25 °C. The germinated seeds were dried and milled at 50 °C. The nutritional values were measured in samples and compared with control samples using a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications. The results of this study showed that protein and moisture content of the germinated seeds were increased as germination has proceeded. On the other hand, germination caused a reduction in the fat content of the mung bean. Germination also reduced the amount of ash, phosphorus and phenolic compounds in the mung bean. Germination until 48 hours increased the amount of crude fiber but after this time the amount of crude fiber was reduced. The amount of carbohydrates, iron, calcium, and zinc also increased after germination. According to the results, 72 hours at 25 °C are the best conditions for increasing the nutritional value of germinated seeds in mung bean.

Rosemary is used in perfume and cosmetic industries. It has several medicinal properties like antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, carminative and nervine spasmodic. Biofertilizers spraying including; amino acids, hormones and vermiwash immediatly effects and causes to maintaining economic affairs and environmental protection. In general, amino acid stimulus and plant growth regulator can improve uptake of nutrients and increase crop yield and photosynthes. Vermiwash contains micro plant nutrients, some nitrogen fixing and phosphate solubilizing bacteria, plant growth hormones and amino acids. Also, harvest time influences the effective combination of medicinal plants, because the quantity and quality of plant essential oils vary in different times. Considering the need to manage plant nutrition in order to increase and sustain production and preserve the environment, this examination was carried out to investigate some qualitative and physiological characteristics of Rosemary under the influence of various nutritional compounds spraying at different harvest time. This examination was carried out in split plot based on Randomized Completely Block Design with three replications at the Zabol Agricultural Research institition farm in 2015. Harvest time included the autumn’s harvest (late autumn), the spring’s harvest (late spring) and the second harvest from plants that cut last autumn (late spring) were considered as a major factor. In addition, nutritional compounds spraying including: Aminolforte (1 L.ha-1), Hiumeforte (1.5 L.ha-1), Salicylic acid (200 mg.L-1), Gibberellin (300 mg.L-1), Vermiwash (1 vermiwash: 1 distilled water) as well as the control were considered as subplot factor. The first spraying was in early autumn and the second one was in late winter. Each stage of spraying was applied about three months before their harvest time. Interaction of autumn’s harvest and hiumeforte had the highest protein content (25 mg.L-1). By interactions of spring’s harvest and gibberellin spraying the maximum of chlorophyll a, oil percentage and its yield (4.05 mg.gr-1, 1.98 & 69/66 kg.ha-1), of vermiwash the higthest phosphorus and the dry matter yield (7845 ppm & 3683 kg.ha-1 ), of hiumeforte the maximum of essential oil content and its yield (1.68 & 61/73 kg.ha-1), and spraying of salicylic acid the higthest soluble carbohydrates (0.016 mg glu.gr-1) were measured in shoot. The maximum amount of catalase (0/016 OD min/mg protein), nitrogen (11400 ppm) and potassium (6716 ppm) were obtained in second harvest from plants that cut last autumn and hiumeforte, aminolforte and vermiwash, respectivly. Because amino acids are absorbed to leaves more quickly through stomata by spraying and involved in the production of nitrogen, protein, and chlorophylls. Therefore, hiumeforte and aminolforte increased protein, catalase and dry matter yield. Hiumeforte increased the essential oil content and yield by participation in both primary and secondary metabolic processes in assocaited with plant growth and development, as a driving factor of production. Gibberellin has a role in the chloroplast structural and possibly due to the high potential of rosemary, the amount of chlorophyll synthesis increased. Indeed, gibberellin increased oil yield, due to the ability of assimilation in the production of secondary metabolites. Salicylic acid maintained the high level of carbohydrates in the Rosemary chloroplasts. Vermiwash contains inorganic and absorbable phosphorus and high levels of exchangeable and non-exchangeable potassium. As a result, it increased the amount of phosphorus, potassium and dry matter yield in Rosemary, duo to the quickly and directly absorption. In general, the spring’s harvest and the foliar application of amino acid compounds, due to fresh leaves and optimum environmental conditions for growth and development, had the greatest impact on improving nitrogen, protein, essential oil content and yield. Additionally, the foliar application of vermiwash in the spring’s harvest had the greatest effect on increasing dry matter yield and improving phosphorus and potassium of Rosemary.

Due to lack of water resources in the country, adopting deficit irrigation techniques and efficient use of limited water resources is necessary and inevitable. Appropriate strategies to deal with water shortage, use the grafting technique. Hybrid rootstocks have strong and extensive root system to absorb water and nutrients to the plant (scion). So, the use grafting technique of fruit vegetable, can be used as an approach to increase plant resistance to deficit irrigation is raised. Numerous studies in the world, on the basis of specific features of vine crops rootstocks, such as resistance to pathogens, low temperatures and soil salinity have been conducted. As well as various mass vine crops, mixed reaction to the deficit irrigation conditions. But information about the composition of the Various rootstock and scion (indigenous) in response to deficit irrigation have been reported rarely. A field experiment was performed to determine grafting and deficit irrigation effects on the some quantitative and qualitative traits of Souski-e-Sabz melon (Landrace). Experimental design was conducted as split plots based on randomized complete block design with three irrigation levels of 60 (5417.63 cubic meters per hectare), 80 (6853.64 cubic meters per hectare) and 100 (8289.65 cubic meters per hectare) % in, and (consumed water) respectively, based on total available water depletion in the research field of higher education institution Imam Khomeini (RA) under the Ministry of Agriculture in Karaj in 2014 and four grafting combinations include grafting onto Shintozwa and Ferro-RZ, self grafted and non grafted (as control) on three replicates with drip irrigation system were evaluated. Water requirement of melon at different stages of growth and development was measured by a profile probe set. The results were demonstrated that grafted plants onto cucurbit rootstocks had significantly higher values for vegetative growth, yield and water use efficiency in comparison with un-grafted plants. The highest (4.45 kg/m-3) biomass water use efficiency (WUEb) was recorded in 60% irrigation level and also no significant differences between irrigation levels of 60 and 80 % were observed. The highest (7.06 kg/m-3) and lowest (5.59 kg/m-3) fruit yield water use efficiency (WUEy) was recorded in grafting combinations of Souski-e-Sabz onto Shintozwa and Souski-e-Sabz onto Souski-e-Sabz respectively. The maximum (194.12 ml/24ha) and minimum (92.01 ml/24ha) volume of xylem sap was recorded in plants grafted onto Shintozwa and Souski-e-Sabz onto Souski-e-Sabz respectively. The maximum (39.23 tons per hectare) and minimum (27.16 tons per hectare) marketable yield were related to 100 and 60 % irrigation levels respectively. The concentration of N, P and K, in leaves was improved significantly in grafted than in ungrafted and self grafted plants. The highest (12.56°Brix) total soluble solids of fruits were obtained from grafted melon plants under deficit irrigation 80 %. The total acidity was no significantly influenced by the irrigation levels and grafting combinations. The findings of this study showed that the grafting combinations of Souski-e-Sabz onto shintozwa and Ferro-RZ rootstocks, in most of the quantitative and qualitative traits, with no negative effects on the quality of fruit, were more effective than non-grafted and own-rooted plants.

In order to evaluate the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers at different cuts on some properties of the Rosemary, an experiment was carried out as split plot based on Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, at the Zabol University research farm. Three times cuttings were: Autumn’s first cut (late autumn), spring’s first cut (late spring) and autumn’s second cut (six months after autumn’s first cut) was considered as a major factor. The biological fertilizers included Aztobarvar, Phosphate Barvar-2, Petabarvar and chemical fertilizer NPK and the control was considered as a subplot factor. The maximum amount of phosphor (7352 mg.kg-1) was obtained from application of Phosphate Barvar-2. Additionally, the maximum amount of potassium (5542 mg.kg-1) and the minimum of sodium (4760 mg.kg-1) was obtained from Petabarvar. Protein, dry matter yield and oil yield, oil percentage, chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll significantly increased under the interactions of spring’s first cut and Aztobarvar biologic fertilizer by 28/36 mg.liter-1, (3294 and 53/90 kg.ha-1) 1/63, 6/66, 1/94 and 81/4 mg.gr-1 respectivly.The results also indicated that the interaction of spring’s first cut and Petabarvar biologic fertilizer had the highest essential oil yield (41.46 kg.ha-1) and interaction of autumn’s second cut and Aztobarvar biologic fertilizer produced the highest amount of nitrogen (12955 ppm) in shoot. The result showed that, the application of Aztobarvar biologic fertilizer in spring’s first cut improved and enhanced the quantitative and physiological characteristics of Rosemary, this would probably have been due to facilitating nitrogen uptake and optimal environmental conditions.

This research was performed to determine the nutritional values of Halocnemum strobilaceum and Halostachys caspica and study the effects of different phenological stages (vegetative, flowering, seeding) on the chemical composition in these species. The results showed that crude protein, ADF, NDF, DDM, ash, EE, ME, DMI, RFV, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, copper, zinc, iron and manganese were different significantly in different phenological stages (p H. strobilaceum). The content of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, copper, iron, manganese measured at different growth stages, were more than critical level for ruminants.; however, the content of phosphorus and zinc were less than critical level. Generally, mineral elements of two species are provided all elements livestock needs, except zinc and phosphorus.

There are a lot of medicinal plants which theyre found as wild in plains and hillsides habitat. The plants have high importance, Since theyre used to feed and cure the diseases in the world. So, the researchers of the field have focused on doing research on native species of the country. Bitter apple The scientific name Citrullus Colocynthis L. is from the family of cucurbitaceae, Herbaceaous, lying or rising stem and fiber-covered. The plant grows greatly in south of Iran especially in province of Sistan and Balouchestan.
The research was performed in the form of a nested plan completely random with four replication. The fruit of the plant was collected from its 8 growing areas in 4 cities (Iranshahr, Nikshahr, Sarbaz and Zabol) at the stage of investigation. It was recorded the most important habitat conditions of the areas (such as: height, latitude and longitude). It was measured the physiological features of the seed from the collected samples (oil percent, ash percent, Ca, Fe, N, P, K, Mg, Zn elements, protein and carbohydrates). It was provided the Ethanol and Butanol extract of the fruit and they were analyzed chemically by Gc and Gc/MS machines. The obtained data were compared by Duncan comparative test at five percent level.
the results represented that the habitat conditions lead to significant difference in amount of the seed ash percent, Ca, N, K, Zn elements and seed soluble carbohydrate at one percent. As there was the most amount of seed ash and carbohydrate in the city of Zabol , the most amount of Zn, C, K elements in the city of Iran-shahar. The results represented that there wasnt significant difference between cities and the areas inside the cities in the amount of seed phosphor, protein and oil percent. Also, the results represented that Fe element available in the seed of the plant had significant difference at five percent level and the areas at one percent level. It was observed the most amount in Iran-shahar and Zabol cities. Also, Mg element of the seed had significant difference in cities and it wasnt observed significant difference in the areas of the city. The results of Ethanol extract of the fruit represented that there were cucurbitacins A, B, C, D, E, L, and two compositions of colocynthis and colocyntheis in the fruit with various amounts which the habitat conditions led to significant difference at one percent. Cucurbitacin E is considered the most important cucurbitacin of the plant which the city of Nik-shahr showed the highest amount. The results of Gc/MS of Butanol extract of the plant fruit identified compositions like alcohols, ketones, Epoxy compounds and hydrocarbons. Which theyre accounted part of active biological compounds, the compounds features are probably to help using traditional medicine.
Difference in seed physiological features and chemical compounds of the plant fruit between cities and areas inside the cities can be due to difference in ecologic features of the area like temperature, humidity, the sea surface height, sort of soil and also food elements affected on each other, actually there was a certain height surface in each studying cities and areas that it influences on seed physiological features and chemical compounds of the plant fruit, besides providing suitable growth conditions and it requires to study more on the province and other areas with various weather, Bitter apple is belong to important medicinal plants which grows in poor soil, dry and tropical conditions. So it is proper for this province.

Basil (Ocimum basilicum) is an annual plant which belongs to the Lamiaceae family. It used as a drug, spice and fresh vegetable. Drought stress is one of the important limiting factors of plant growth. Water stress has significant effects on morphological and biochemical characteristics of purple Basil. As the soil water content decreases, the plant height, stem diameter, number and area of leaves, leaf area index (LAI), herb yield and leaf chlorophyll contents (a,b and total chlorophyll) decrease, as well. However, the amounts of anthocyanin and proline increase. Cycocel (CCC) which chemically called chlormequat chloride is an alkylating agent and a quaternary ammonium salt.. Cycocel is used as plant growth regulator. Application of Cycocel increases the number of siliques/ plant, seed yield and dry matter produced of oilseed rape. Cycocel application decreases the plant height and increases the yield level and protein percentage of seed in faba bean. This research was performed to investigate the effect of Cycocel on morphological characteristics, the percentage of nitrogen and potassium of basil plants under drought stress conditions
This research has been conducted in the research station of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman with 56o 58' E longitude, 30o 15' N latitude, and 1753.8 altitudes. According to the regional information from 1952 to 2005, the average temperature was 17.1 o C, the average rainfall was 154.1 mm, the average annual relative humidity is 32%, and the climate of Kerman according to De Martonne method is semiarid. A split plot experiment based on RCBD with three replications was employed. Three levels of irrigation, including 50 (severe stress) (I3), 75 (mild stress) (I2) and 100 (full irrigation) (I1) percent of crop water requirement were assigned to the main plots while five levels of Cycocel application (zero (control), 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 milligrams per litre) were assigned to the sub-plots. Cultivation was carried out in March and harvested in late June. In this study the plant height, fresh and dry weight of root and shoot, root to shoot dry weight ratio, percentage of nitrogen and potassium, leaf relative water content and leaf area index were measured. For its statistical calculation, SAS (v. 9.1) software and for the comparison of the averages the Duncan’s test was used. The level of possibility used in the analysis was five percent.
The result of the analysis of variance of measured traits has shown in Table 1. Data analysis of variance (Table 1) shows different levels of irrigation, Cycocel and irrigation with Cycocel interaction were significant at the level of one percent on plant height. Effects of different irrigation treatments and Cycocel concentration on fresh and dry weight of shoot were significant at one and five percent, respectively. However, the effect of irrigation and Cycocel interaction on shoot dry weight was not significant. Root fresh and dry weight were influenced by irrigation levels (Table 1). The effect of irrigation and Cycocel interaction on root dry weight, percent of nitrogen and dry weight of root to shoot ratio was significantat one percent. The effect of irrigation on root to shoot dry weight ratio was not significant. Moreover, the effects of Cycocel treatments on root to shoot dry weight ratio were significant at the five percent level. The effect of irrigation, Cycocel on percent of nitrogen and potassium was significant and potassium decreased with the increasing of water stress.
The highest percentage of potassium (2.26%) belonged to the full irrigation and the concentration of 2000 milligrams per litre Cycocel and the lowest belonged to the interaction of severe stress and zero, 500 and 1000 milligrams per litre Cycocel. Irrigation and Cycocel had a significant influence on leaf relative water content at the level of one percent.
According to the results which obtained through this study, in basil plant, root fresh and dry weight, shoot fresh and dry weight, leaf area index, leaf relative water content and plant height reduced by increasing drought stress. Root-shoot dry weight ratio increased in response to increasing stress in all the plants which treated by Cycocel . Cycocel treatments reduced plant height, root fresh and dry weight, shoot dry weight and LAI. Leaf relative water content and shoot fresh weight increase with increasing the concentrations of Cycocel. The interaction of 2000 milligram Cycocel per litre with irrigation has the greatest effect on the traits.

The effects of ten citrus cultivars including Sweet lime (Citrus limettioides Tanaka), Mexican lime (C. aurantifolia Swingle), Lisbon lemon [C. limon (L) Burm F.], Sweet orange [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck], Clementine mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco), Grapefruit (C. paradisi Macfadyen), Kara mandarin (Satsuma King mandarin), Bakraei (C. reticulata C. limettioides), Volkamer lemon (C. volkameriana Ten. and Pasq) and Sour orange (C. aurantium L.) as rootstocks were studied on vegetative growth, dry mater and mineral concentrations of Mexican lime scion, grown on calcareous soil in greenhouse. The experiment was arranged in a compeletely randomized design with ten treatments (rootstocks) and five replications. Results showed that, type of rootstock highly affected the vegetative growth and mineral components of Mexican lime scion. Vegetative growth and mineral contents in scion differed with different rootstocks. The highest scion length were on Mexican lime, Lisbon, Bakraei and Volkamer lemons and the lowest on Kara mandarin. Leaf analysis of eleven elements showed significant differentes among rootstocks. The highest N content obtained from scions on Bakraei, P on Volkamer lemon and Bakraei, K on Kara mandarin, Ca on Sour orange, Mg on Sweet orange and Clementine, Na, Fe and B on Grapefruit, Cu on Volkamer Lemon, Zn on Mexican lime and Clementine and Mn on Lisbon lemon. General conclusion that, scion on Volkamer lemon rootstock caused faster vegetative growth and higher mineral content compared to the other rootstocks.