جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "plant residues" در نشریات گروه "زراعت"

In order to investigate the effects of plant residues, crop rotation, mycorrhizal symbiosis, and zinc sulfate on grain yield and zinc, phosphorus contents of grain, in subtropical rainfed conditions at Gachsaran Rainfed Research Station, a study was carried out as a split factorial experiment in a RCBD with three replications and during four crop years. The treatments included four crop rotations as the main plots (including vetch, wheat, canola, and lentil), inoculation with mycorrhizal symbiosis (inoculation and non-inoculation) and two zinc sulfate rates (such as 0 and 40 kg.ha-1) as subplots. The results showed that the highest quantitative and qualitative yield (such as phosphorus and Zn levels) were achieved in vetch-wheat rotation plus mycorrhizal symbiosis inoculation. Application of zinc sulfate or mycorrhiza in all periodic patterns increased the weight of 1000 seeds, spike weight and grain yield. Cultivation of two types of legumes (lentil and vetch) in the wheat rotation increased grain zinc concentration compared to the other two rotation patterns (wheat-wheat and canola-wheat). Grain zinc concentration was increased 5 and 18 percentage by inoculating with mycorrhiza and zinc sulfate, respectively. In general, the implementation of the periodic pattern of vetch-wheat and lentil-wheat along with the use of mycorrhiza can be recommended as an effective pattern in terms of quantitative and qualitative wheat yield.

Environmental factors, especially temperature, are very important in the proper occurrence of saffron flower initiation stage during summer. In areas affected by heat stress, any factor that reduces the stress intensity seems to be beneficial in improving saffron reproductive growth. Corm storage under desired environmental condition is a potential strategy, when saffron is grown as an annual crop. In perennial saffron plantation, where the corms spend the flowering stage in the soil, other solutions should be considered for the proper occurrence of the flowering stage. One of these solutions is to use plant residues in the field surface to reduce the soil temperature. The presence of plant residues causes shading on the soil surface, increases the amount of sunlight reflection, reduces evaporation from the soil, regulates the moisture content of the soil, and reduces the temperature at the depth of the corm placement. Another possible solution to adjust the soil temperature during the flower initiation phase of the corm is to carry out summer irrigation, but there is not enough certainty about its usefulness. Therefore, the aim of the current experiment was to investigate the effect of storage conditions of corms, as well as the effect of summer irrigation and the application of plant residue mulch on saffron flowering.

To investigate the effect of corm storage conditions on saffron reproductive growth an experiment was carried out as complete randomized block design with seven treatments and three replicates during 2019 growing season, in Qaen, Iran. Experimental treatments were three types of corm storage inside the soil [corm planting in 5th June (A) with natural soil temperature as control, A + summer irrigation in 5th August and A + mulch application obtained from wheat residues at the rate of 8 ton ha-1)] and three types of corm storage outside the soil [Corm storage at room (ambient temperature) for three months started from 5th June + corm planting in 5th September (B), Corm storage in constant temperature (25 oC and relative humidity of ~40 %) in incubator for three months + B, three months corm storage at variable temperature in incubator (one month in 20, 25 and 20 oC) + B and corm storage in room (up to 5th August) and incubator (up to 5th September) + B.
 

Results showed that summer irrigation increased the number, length and weight of cataphylls compered to control. Corm storage outside the soil (room or incubator) reduced the weight and length of cataphylls. Control and summer irrigation treatments had no significant different in terms of flower number, flowering rate and flower yield, but were superior to other treatments in terms of all the mentioned traits, especially compared with the room storage treatment. The highest values of mean flower weight (0.37 g), flower length (7.6 cm) and stigma length (2.83 cm) were obtained in mulch application treatment. Mulch application failed to improve flower and stigma yields, despite decreasing the soil temperature during the flower initiation stage. The highest values of stigma yield were gained at control, summer irrigation and mulch application (8.07, 7.28 and 6.40 kg ha-1, respectively), which were significantly more than those obtained at room storage (3.24 kg ha-1), storage in incubator with variable temperature (3.68 kg ha-1), storage in room and incubator (3.89 kg ha-1) and storage in incubator with constant temperature (4.28 kg ha-1).
 

Overall, the passage of saffron flower initiation stage inside the soil significantly improved the flowering of the plant compared to the passage of this period outside the soil under room or incubator conditions.

In order to evaluate the effects of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) residues with the application of zinc sulfate farms on zinc, protein, phytic acid concentration in wheat grain and grain yield of wheat, an experiment was conducted in the growing season of 2012-2013 in Dehaghan city farms in Isfahan through a complete randomized block design in three replications with six treatments (control, zinc sulfate, wheat residue, bean residue, wheat residue + zinc sulfate and bean residue + zinc sulfate). Results of ANOVA showed there were significant difference in the effect of experimental treatments on yield, zinc and phytic acid concentration, phytic acid to zinc molar ratio and protein content of wheat grain. The results showed that the highest yield (3.8 ton ha-1), protein (10.3%) and grain zinc concentration (36mg.kg-1) was related to bean residues + zinc sulfate treatment and the lowest yield was belonged to control treatment (2.8ton.ha-1), (7.54%) and (26mg.kg-1), respectively. The plant residues application, particularly bean residues + zinc sulfate reduced the molar ratio of phytic acid to zinc compared to the control (36%). Amongst the plant residues, bean residues had the lowest value of carbon to nitrogen ratio (15.4). Finally, in the current research conditions, bean residues + zinc sulfate treatment was higher compared to the other treatments having considerable in this experiment with the highest zinc, protein, phytic acid in wheat grain, phytic acid to zinc molar ratio and yield.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the hetrotoxicity potential of decayed plant parts of the two weed species: i.e. Secale cereale and Lolium rigidum in various phenological stages on germination traits, chlorophyll content and total phenols content of barely seed (the variety of Sahra) in the primary stage of germination in pot culture and weed science laboratory of Gonbad Kavous University. In this experiment, various quantities of the prepared powder from whole organs of the every weed (0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 g per one kg loamy soil) were kept to decay in the pot culture for 40 days. Then 20g of decomposed residues in various quantities were placed in sterilized petridish as the factorial experiment based on the compeletly randomized design in three replications were added for every weed individually. In the experiment the traits such as germination percentage, germination rate, radicle and shoot length, vigor index and content of chloropyll a, b, total as well as total phenols content were measured. Results showed that the interaction effects of the phenological stages and various quantities of the plant residues of Secale cereale weed on the whole studied traits except total phenols content were significant. Regarding Lolium rigidum, the results were similar to the results of the Secale cereale except the interaction effect of these factors on the germination percent, the rate of germination and chlorophyll b content (p

This research was conducted in order to study the effect of using plant residues and zinc sulfate on the absorbability of zinc in soil and its concentration in the grain wheat as well as the effect on the concentration of phytic acid, phytic acid molar ratio and grain protein. The experiment was conducted in the form of a statistical randomized complete blocks design with eight treatments (control, zinc sulfate, alfalfa plant residues, beans and wheat and alfalfa plant residues, beans and wheat plus zinc sulfate) in three replications in a farm in Isfahan province, Dehaghan city. Due to the amount of organic matter and zinc in the soil, zinc sulfate by 60 kilogram per hectare and plant residues by 10 tons per hectare was added to the considered treatments. After that, the amount of 250 kilogram per hectare of common grain wheat of region (Sepahan cultivar) was planted. The obtained results showed that the application of zinc sulfate in the soil on the yield grain and zinc concentration of grin was significant. In treatment that plant residues with zinc sulfate was added in the soil, there was a significant increase in the measured properties compared to the control and plant residues application and zinc sulfate treatments. Among the plant residues of wheat, beans and alfalfa, alfalfa residues led to more increase in zinc concentration and grain protein and more decrease phytic acid and phytic acid to zinc molar ratio in grain. It can be concluded that the application of zinc with plant residues can cause more increasing in zinc concentration and grain qualitative parameters.

In order to evaluate the effect of different rates of nitrogen (N) and corn, rapeseed, sunflower and wheat residues on plant height, biological and grain yield and N use efficiency of wheat, an experiment was conductedduring 2010-2011 at Agricultural College of Shiraz University. The experimental design was split-split plot based on RCBD with four replications. Treatments were N (45, 90, 135 and 180 kg ha-1) as main factor, type of plant residues (no residues, corn, rapeseed, sunflower and wheat) as sub factor and rates of crop residues (25 and %50) as sub-sub factor. Results indicated that rates of N, types and rates of crop residues had significant effects on plant height, yield components, biological and grain yields, and N use efficiency. The highest yield components, grain yield and N use efficiency were achieved by 180 and 45 kg ha-1 N, respectively. Increasing the rate of residues from 25 to %50, decreased all of traits except plant height and spikes per m2. The highest grain yield was obtained from no residues treatment. Wheat grain yield significantly decreased with residues incorporation and this reduction was lowest with sunflower residues.