جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « promising lines » در نشریات گروه « زراعت »

Cultivar Tolo (AN74) was originated from a cross made between Ali-Kazemi as a local and Nemat as an improved rice cultivars. A set of 45 pure rice breeding lines including AN74 was selected through preliminary observational evaluation of RILs populations, followed by an observational yield trial which was conducted in an augmented design in 2011. Later on, 11 selected lines including AN74 were evaluated in a replicated yield trial in 2012. Then, seven selected advanced promising lines including AN74 were tested in a multi location trial together with four check varieties including Nemat, Tarom-Mahalli, San-Huan-Zhan2 (SHZ2) and Shiroudi in four locations of Tonekabon, Amol, Babol and Behshahr in three consecutive years. Stability analysis through Additive Main effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) indicated that Tolo (AN74) had relative general but specific adaptability to all and central parts, such as Amol and Babol in Mazandaran province. The main characteristics of Tolo cultivar are early maturity with days to 50% of flowering of 78 ± 5 days similar to Hashemi even few days earlier, short plant height of 87 ± 3 cm, a greater 1000 grain weight of 31 ± 1.1 gr, an average grain yield of 7500 ± 500 Kg.ha-1, high tolerance against stripe stem-borer through antixenosis and antibiosis mechanisms, resistant to blast pathogen isolates with 0~1 infection type, good cooking quality with amylose content of 23 ± 1% and good aroma. Hence, with such a valuable characteristics, it has high potential for cultivating in irrigated system, as well as systems with water shortage, short growing duration, mechanized harvesting, double rice cropping and ratooning.

In order to yield comparison of eight cold barley promising lines including CB-85-19,CB-85-14, CB-85-9, CB-85-15 and CB-85-10 along with three barley varieties checks(Bahman, Makoui, valfager), these experiments were conducted using RCBD withthree replications in farmer field of Torbat-e-haydaria and Fariman during 2010-2011cropping season.During the stages of growth and development, the necessary records of agriculturaland morphological traits, including the dates of spike emergence, physiologicalmaturity, plant height and 1000 seeds weight, were evaluated and after harvesting,weighing and recording the seed yield of each line, variance analysis was carried out.A randomized complete block design was performed based on the grain yield. Theresults of combining analysis showed that there were significant differences (P< 0.05)between two experimental locations for grain yield and 1000 kernels weight. Inaddition, there was a significant difference for interaction of genotype × location on1000 kernels weight. The highest grain yield (6.242 t/ha) related to CB-85-10 barleygenotype which was produced from farmer’s field in Torbat-e-haydaria and Fariman.

In order to increase the motivation of farmers to cultivate open pollinated oilseed rape cultivars, new cultivars with appropriate yields should be introduced. Also, due to the effects of climate change, increase in temperature, early arrival of heat and intensification of drought stress at the end of the season in the warm and dry regions, it is also necessary to pay attention to traits such as early maturity in identifying oilseed rape genotypes. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to identify the most desirable lines compatible with warm and dry climates.

In order to investigate agronomic characteristics of the promising oilseed rape spring lines, an experiment was conducted with 21 spring genotypes in the Sistan region in a randomized complete block design with three replications during cropping season 2020-2021.

Analysis of variance showed that there are significant differences for traits including day to end of flowering, plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods in sub-branches, number of pods per main stem, total number of pods per plant, main stem length, yield and biological yield among the studied genotypes. The study of broad sence heritability showed that phenological traits were more influenced by environmental factors; while quantitative traits of yield and its components were more influenced by genetic factors. Also, the number of branches per plant, the number of pods per main stem and grain yield had the highest values of genetic coefficients of variance, respectively. In addition, the number of pods per main stem, plant height, length of main stem, number of pods per plant, number of branches per plant, seed yield, day to end of flowering and biological yield, had the highest broad sense heritability among the studied traits, respectively. In terms of grain yield, G9 line (SRL-99-1) had the highest yield with a value of 2992 kg/ha. This genotype showed a significant difference with the control cultivar RGS003. Also, G11 (SRL-99-9), G2 (SRL-99-2), G1 (SRL-99-1), Dalgan,G18 ( SRL-99-16),  G20 (SRL-99-18), G21 (SRL-99-19)  and  G13 (SRL-99-11) lines were in the next ranks in terms of yield, respectively. Additionally, using various statistical methods such as mean comparison, principal component analysis and cluster analysis, lines were grouped based on the studied traits in this study.

  In this study, 8 lines with desirable characteristics were identified. The superior lines which were identified in terms of yield and its components in this study, could be introduced as new lines compatible with the warm regions if the trend of superiority continues in adaptability tests.

Rice breeding with genetic background of Iranian cultivars provides an opportunity to improve these cultivars that have high adaptability to the environment and favorable marketability. Therefore, seven promising lines, orginiated from cross combinations of Iranian and exotic rice genotypes, along with two check varieties including Tarom-Mahali and Shiroudi were evaluated in four experimental fields in Mazandaran provinces located in east zone (Behshahr), centre (Babol), west (Tonekabon) and Rice Research Instutute (Amol) in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates during 2016-2017 (totally eight environments). Results of simple variance analysis showed that there were significant differences between genotypes for number of days to 50% of flowering, plant height, number of fertile tillers and grain yield. Combined analysis variance indicated that the effect of genotype and interaction effects of year and location and also year and location and genotype on grain yield were siginificant. G5 genotype had the highest yield in all environments and G1 genotype was in the second place in terms of yield. Stability analysis through AMMI method indicated that rice promising line G5 (DAH, originated from cross between Dasht and Ahlami-tarom) showed high of grain yield (5888.7 Kg/ha in average) and performed stable situation over environments, G1 genotype (AHS, a cross between Ahlami-tarom and Sepidroud) with 5312.1 Kg grain yield /ha in average, showed moderate stability in most of the environments.

Sesame is an oilseed crop with high resistance to dehydration. This plant with the minimum moisture requirements has a good performance compared to the other crops in the summer. Recognition of high-yielding genotypes under these conditions is one of the priorities of sesame breeding programs. In the current study, 10 promising sesame lines derived from segregating generations that were superiors in the preliminary evaluations were evaluated along with 6 local genotypes in the form of RCBD with 3 replications in the Sistan region during two cropping seasons. Different quantitative and phenological traits were evaluated during the growing periods. ANOVA results indicated significant differences among genotypes for their grain yield, biological yield, plant height and thousand seed weight. Using Duncan's mean comparison method, genotypes 3, 13, 5 and 7 were identified as superior genotypes. The correlation study of the studied traits showed a positive and significant relationship between grain yield and 1000-seed weight. Also, biplot diagram of genotypes distribution on the first two components showed that genotypes 3, 5 and 13 are different from other genotypes in the term of quantitative traits and were considered as the best ones. Cluster analysis for all traits using Ward method also distinguished genotypes 3 and 13 from other genotypes. Additionally, genotypes ranking based on the selection index of ideal genotype (SSIG) revealed genotypes 3 and 13 as high ranking genotypes. Therefore, using different multivariate analysis methods, genotypes 3, 13 and 5 are introduced as desirable yielded genotypes with high compatibility in the Sistan region.

To evaluate and select the promising lines of dual purpose grain-forage sorghum under drought stress conditions, a field experiment assplit plot arrangements in randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out atresearch field station of Seed and Plant Improvement Research Institute, Karaj, Iran, in 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. Irrigation levels (60 mm, 120 mm and 180 mm of evaporation from class A evaportation pan) were assigned to main plotsand 10 sorghum lines (KDFGS4, KDFGS6, KDFGS9, KDFGS10, KDFGS12, KDFGS13, KDFGS14, KDFGS16, KDFGS20 and KDFGS21) randomized in sub-plots. Combined analysis of variance showed that irrigation effect was significant (P≤0.01) on plant height and grain yield.  However, irrigation effect was significant (P≤0.05) on dry weight, fresh weight, biological yield and 1000 grain weight. The highest fresh and dry weights of forage was obtained in 60 mm (normal) treatment. The results of biplot multivariate analysis and correlation between droughr indices and grain yield under non-stress and stress conditions showed that MP, GMP, and STI were important in predicting performance of sorghum genotypes. These indices can be used for selecting drought tolerant genotypes. Lines No. 8 (KDFGS16), 1 (KDFGS4), 9 (KDFGS20) and 3 (KDFGS9) were high yielding. The highest correlation coefficients between tolerance indices in stress and non-stress conditions was observed for MP, GMP, STI and YI.. Considering the results of biplot analysis and MP, GMP and STI, sorghum genotypes KDFGS20, KDFGS13. KDFGS14, KDFGS21, KDFGS16, KDFGS4 (lines No. 9, 6, 7, 10, 8 and 1, respectively) were identified drought as tolerant.

Quinoa is a plant from the Amaranths family, C3 and native to South America. This plant has been considered due to its high nutritional value and tolerance to salinity and drought stresses. This plant is grown in Peru with a rainfall of 300-500 mm and a minimum temperature of -4 °C in rainfed area (28). Quinoa can withstand temperatures of -4 °C in the 8-12 leaf stage and recover after cold damage (14). In order to increasing crop diversity of rainfed area of Golestan province with cool winter type (10), a preliminary evaluation of the seed yield and yield component of quinoa lines was carried out in Goragan.

In order to compare seed yield of 11 quinoa lines (NSRCQ 1- NSRCQ 2- NSRCQ 5- NSRCQ 6- NSRCQ 7- NSRCQ 8- NSRCQ 9- NSRCQ 10- NSRCQ 12- NSRCQ 13- NSRCQ 14), Originating from Peru and Bolivia and selected in National Salinity Research Center with different maturity time, cultivated in a randomized complete block design with three replications on 29 November, in 2015-2016 at Iraqi Mahaleh Research Station, Gorgan, Iran. During the season, weed management was carried out by hand two times and aphid controlled by pesticide. At harvest, after removing border plants harvested and seed yield, thousents kernel weigth (TKW) and germination percent of produced seeds were measured. Lateral panicule number, plant height, panicule weight and biomass of 10 selected plants were measured. For evaluation of freezing risk and rainfall rate 65 years weather data (1952-2017) of gorgan station was evaluated. Data were analyzed by SAS v.9.1 software. The cluster analysis and analysis of the main components were performed using Statgraphic software.

The results showed that yield in autumn cultivation in Gorgan was between 1.5 to 4 t ha-1 and TKW of genotypes was between 1.2 and 4.7 g. Investigation of correlation between traits showed that genotypes with shorter days to flowering had lower TKW and plant height. Line 1 was the earliest with the least height and grain yield. The principal component analysis also showed that the two components had the highest contribution in determining the seed yield, and the percentage of germination, the number of panicles, thousand seed weight in positive direction and day to maturity in the negative and in the second component of biomass had the highest impact. The results of cluster analysis also showed that lines NSRCQ11, NSRCQ10, NSRCQ9, NSRCQ7 and NSRCQ6 had high seed yield, TKW, seed germination percentage and biomass. Among the top lines, line 4 with a seed yield of 3.5 t ha-1, 3.9 g TKW, 100% seed germination and a lack of cold damage was promising. The risk of frost based on the past 65 years weather data of the Gorgan station is 24.6%.

Quinoa was exposed to frost in autumn cultivation in Gorgan province, but it was recovered. Selection of appropriate genotype in Gorgan province could be based on frost tolerance at temperatures below -4 ° C, day to flowering, TKW and seed yield. Quinoa cultivation in autumn cropping in rainfed condition in the province with a potential yield of 3.5-4 t ha-1 with high seed size is possible.

Recently barley cultivated area has been increased in Iran due to its adaptation to drought and salinity. To investigate some barley promising lines under saline conditions and introducing the superior lines, a field experiment was carried out in Zarrindasht region, Darab, Iran, during two consecutive years (2010-2011 and 2011-2012(. In this experiment, Nimrooz as the control variety along with 13 promising barley lines were compared in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The average soil and water salinity of the experimental site were about 6 and 9 dS.m-1, respectively. The results showed that the highest grain yield belonged to EBYT-79-10 line in both years (with two years mean of 5095 kg.ha-1) which was 21.3% more than the control variety Nimrooz (with average grain yield of 4173 kg ha-1). Also, L.527/Chn-01…, MBD-85-8, Karoon/Kavir//…, On-Farm No. 4 (Yazd), MBD-85-6,¡ Rihanee"s"//… and Productive/Rojo with grain yield of 4740, 4705, 4575, 4470, 4390, 4275 and 4205 kg.ha-1, respectively, were superior than control and the other lines produced lower yield than control. Grain yield of the studied lines and showed a significant negative correlation with sodium concentration of plant leaf and a significant positive correlation with potassium concentration and potassium to sodium ratio. In the present study, EBYT-79-10 with highest grain yield, proper early maturity, less water consumption and suitable salinity tolerance was identified as the best line for cultivating under saline conditions of Zarindasht regions, Darab, Iran.

To evaluate the drought tolerance in forage sorghum promising lines, a filed experiment was conducted as split plot arrangement using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at the Research Farm of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran, in 2011 and 2012 growing seasons. Main plots consisted of three irrigation regimes (irrigation after 60, 120 and 180 mm evaporation from class-A Pan) and sub-plots included five forage sorghum promising lines (KFS2, KFS3, KFS12, KFS17 and KFS18). Combined analysis of variance showed that the effect of irrigation regimes on fresh and dry forage yield and plant height was significant (P ≤ 0.01). Under sever drought stress the highest forage yield was obtained from KFS3, KFS2 and KFS18 lines (112.3, 97.5 and 95.9 t.ha-1 respectively). Results revealed that stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean productivity (GMP) and mean productivity (MP) indexes had significant positive correlations with forage yield under stress and non-stress conditions and were identified as suitable indices for screening of forage sorghum promising lines. The results of biplot analysis indicated that KFS3 line with the highest STI (1.18) had high forage yield potential and low susceptibility to drought stress. The results of multivariate biplot analysis and correlation of indices using forage yield data under stress and non-stress conditions showed that MP, GMP and STI were the suitable indices for predicting forage yield of sorghum promising lines and superior genotypes could be selected based on these indices. KFS3 promising line was identified as highly adpated forage sorghum genotype to drought stress condition.

Adequate knowledge of the interrelationships among traits is essential in planning and evaluating breeding programs for rice improvement. The objectives of this research were to study the stability of seven rice genotypes over the studied environments, determining the interrelationships among traits and identifying suitable traits for indirect selection to improve rice grain yield. Six promising rice lines selected from preliminary yield trial in 2011-2012, including Shirodi as control cultivar were evaluated using randomized complete block design with three replications in two locations of Mazandaran province (Tonekabon and Sari) during three growing seasons from 2012-2014. Combined analysis of variance showed significant effects of genotype and genotype × environment interaction for grain yield. The GGE biplot analysis showed that genotype 6 (G6) with the highest grain yield (6218.06 kg.ha-1) was ranked in second place in term of stability. The GT biplot analysis revealed that grain yield was positively correlated with number of filled grain, number of total grain and plant height and negatively correlated with number of tillers per plant and panicle length. Therefore, number of filled grain, number of total grain and plant height were suitable traits for indirect selection to improve rice grain yield. In conclusion, G6 [No. 39 from IR 67015-22-6-2-(A37632) × (Amol3 × Ramzanalitarom)] and G5 [No. 126 from IR 67015-22-6-2-(A37632) × (Amol3 × Ramzanalitarom)] were the best genotypes that can be considered to release the new varieties.

Generating pyramid lines via multiple crosses is one of the most important strategies for rice breeding. 126 F3 lines generated from Ghaem as a female line and Shastak, Fajr, Domsiyah and Nemat as male lines including Neda and Sangetarom as check varieties studied in the form of augmented design at the experimental field of GABIT. Variance analysis indicated significant differences of agromorphological traits between check and others lines. Cluster analysis of check varieties based on ward method was conducted and Pearson correlation coefficient indicated possitive and significant correlation (P=0.1) between fertile tillers (r=0.91) and 1000 grain weight (r=0.97) with yield. Although 28 lines indicated significant differences with Ghaem check variety but only GF//GD-03-3 and GD//GS-03-1-23 lines have shown higher yield regarding to high yield Neda check variety. Three GD//GS-03-1-23, GD//GS-03-1-25 and GF//GN-03-2-18 lines have had excellent ideotype and seven clusters obtained from cluster analysis in which superior lines belonged to cluster 4 and 5.

To determine the most important morphological characteristics affecting the yield of rice, experimental farm in 2010 at Sari of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University based on a randomized complete block design with three replications were conducted. Studied genotypes were included 27 promising lines of rice and two parental varieties of rice, namely Sange Tarom and Daylamani. In this experiment, traits such as plant height, fertile tillers, flag leaf length and width, panicle length, number of primary and secondary spicklets, grain length and width, number of filled grains per panicle and grain yield were studied. Analysis of variance showed that rice genotypes were different (p< 0.01). Line7 and Line17 had the highest yield (7.485 and 6.952 ton/ ha) and 7 lines such as Line10 had the lowest yield (3.477 ton.ha-1) respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the yield negatively correlated with plant height (r = -0.35) and positively correlated with fertile tiller number (r = 0.22). Cluster analysis classified studied rice lines into three groups in which the third group with three lines (lines of 2, 7 and 17) in a separate group from controls parents. These lines had good performance in terms of grain yield and yield components. Mean while, path analysis indicated that fertile tiller had a significant direct (0.394) and indirect (0.41) effects via leaf area on grain yield. Therfore, this trait along with plant height could be recommende for selection of rice promising lines.

To evaluate the salt tolerance characteristics of 17 newly modified wheat lines, a field experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design at the Research Farm of Birjand Agricultural Faculty from 2009 to 2011, with the EC of irrigation water and soil saturated paste extract of 8.93 and 10.81 dS.m-1, respectively. The treatments included the 17 new wheat lines plus three salt tolerant cultivars (Kavir, Arg, Bam) as check treatments with three replications. The treatments were irrigated with low saline water at early stages of growth (2-3 leaves) to provide a better establishment and then were treated using the high saline water (8.93 dS.m-1) till the end of the crop physiological maturity growth stage. Composite analysis of variance showed that cultivars and lines were significantly different (p<0.01) in regard to days to heading (DHE), days to maturity (DMA), plant height (PLH), peduncle length, seed weight and grain yield. Correlation analysis showed significant positive relations between grain yield and thousand kernel weight (TKW) (r = 0.42*) as well as spike length (r = 0.48*), while there was a negative relationship with DHE. Amongst yield components, grain weight showed a higher role in grain yield (YLD) under salinity stress compared with other traits. Cluster analysis classified the genotypes into three categories (tolerant, moderate and sensitive). Under the imposed salinity situation, analysis showed that the lines 8, 9, 16, 17 had the highest yields of 5.27, 5.22, 5.03 and 5.09 tons per hectare, respectively, which were even greater than the performance of tolerant cultivars. Results of this study highlight that under current situation of the study area, the above selected lines are nominated as salt tolerant lines suitable for wheat mass grain production as well as wheat breeding programs.

Fourteen genotypes were studied for grain yield and its stability in experimental stations of Ardebil،Eqlid، Arak، Zanjan، Tabriz،Mashhad،Jolgerokh،Miandoab،Hamedan and Karadj using randomized complete block design with three replications in tow years، Results of combined analysis of variance showed that the interaction effects of year×location and genotype×year×location were significant at 1% probability level، For determination of genotypes with high yield and stable، parametric and non-parametric statistics were used، Among the methods which were used. AMMI model was found more effective than the others. Based on AMMI (AMMI1،AMMI2andAMMI3) results،genotypes no; 2،5،6،7،8 and 9 were determined as stable in most of the locations، genotypes no; 9،10 and 13 for Karadj، no; 2 for Zanjan، no; 4 for Jolgerokh and Ardebil، and no; 7 for Mashhad showed specific adaptability.

This study was conducted at Moghan Agricultural Research Center in 2000-01 with five promising lines, two cultivars Chamran and Shiroodi as checks for yield, two cultivars Falat and Forontana as diseases checks. The main objective was to evaluate the promising lines for grain yield and diseases resistance in Moghan region. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used under two different irrigation conditions; furrow and sprinkler irrigations. Combined analysis of variance over two irrigation conditions showed significant effect of genotype at the 1% of probability level on plant height, number of tiller per plant, number of fertile tiller per plant, length of peduncle, grain weight per plant. Mean comparison of lines showed that no significant differences but lines N-81-8, N-81-9 and N-81-18 produced 6000, 6060 and 6310 Kg/ha, respectively. These lines lines were also resistance to yellow rust (O-MR) and fusarium head blight (O). Line N-81-18 not only produced the highest grain yield but was highly resistance to yellow rust and fusarium head blight, under both furrow and sprinkler irrigation conditions. This line could be a promising candidate to be released in Warm Humid Caspian Zone. According to the results of this study sprinkler and furrow irrigations can be used for evaluation of new lines. In this study line N-81-18 with high grain yield and resistance to both yellow rust and fusarium head blight was designated as suitable candidate for Moghan region.

Eight promising lines of bread wheat which had been selected through the preliminary and advanced traits, together with two check cultivar Shiroudi and Tajan were evaluated for yield, adabtability and response to cereal diseases in an on farm experiment conducted in two sites in Moghan. Combined analysis of variance on yield and yield components showed significant differences of lines in yield and other traits. Lines Sw89.3064/Star… and Attila/Milan with 5.7/8 and 5.709 tonha-1 had the highest yield in both sites. Although other lines produced yield as high as the check cultivar Shiroudi, but due to high resistance or tolerance to yellow rust, leaf rust, fusarium head blight and powdery mildew which are prevalent diseases in the region, two lines Sw89.3064/Star… and Sha4/Chil were selected as superior lines in this experiment.