جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « sugar beet » در نشریات گروه « زراعت »

Sugar beet cultivars, candidate to enter the Iranian trade market, must pass the value cultivation and use (VCU) test successfully. For this purpose, 29 candidate cultivars from different companies were subjected to product comparison in the form of two experiments with the same control cultivars in 2018 and 2019. The experiments were conducted in two separate experiments of 16 and 17 cultivars in four replications in the provinces of West Azarbaijan, Khorasan Razavi, Hamedan and Fars under natural infection conditions. According to the results of the tests, among the new genotypes, 7 cultivars including BTS 7715, BTS 2015 N, BTS 1930 RHC, Annamira, Annemartha, Joker and BTS 3645 RHC were introduced as superior cultivars. These cultivars had higher sugar yield and also, they had better yield stability and disease resistance compared to the other candidate cultivars.

Different environmental and genetic factors such as variety, climate, soil and agronomic practices factors are effective in increasing root sodium content and reducing the yield and quality of sugar beet roots. Therefore, in this research, using meta-analysis, the effect of these factors has been determined and agronomic practices for reducing the sodium content of the roots and increasing the quality of produced sugar. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine management practices with significant effects on yield and quality of sugar beet roots in Iran.

This study was conducted on data collected from the experiments carried out at Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI) in Karaj and Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center in different provinces in Iran for the period of 1997 to 2020. Data were analyzed from 33 final technical reports of research projects of the the experiment that had appropriate agronomic management treatments. The data and information of these reports were created as a database containing 450 rows in 26 columns. The corresponding data to the investigated treatments were considered from the database and then the reaction ratio, average of the reaction ratio, standard deviation and the significant effect of each factor on sugar beet root yield and quality traits were determined.

The results of meta-analysis of agronomic practices factors in the period of 23 years of research showed that lack of irrigation in the early season after crop establishment caused significant decrease in root sodium content (α=0.05). The effects of row and plant spacing, land preparation methods, crop rotation, late season moisture stress, mild and severe drought stresses, on root sodium content were not significant. Crop rotation caused significant increase in root, sugar and white sugar yields by 17.5%, 23.7% and 26.7%, respectively. Early and late season drought stresses and severe drought stress caused significant decrease in root yield by 21%, 42%, 33%, respectively. Reduction in white sugar yield were 18%, 43% and 32% under above mentioned drought stresses conditions.

The crop rotation of legumes-wheat-sugar beet compared to the conventional rotation of wheat-sugar beet increased sugar beet root yield by about 20%. The best method of soil preparation was detrmined as plowing or using sub-soiller in autumn and carrying out other operations including disc and furrower in spring. Increasing the planting row spacing to 60 cm caused significant decrease in root, raw sugar and white sugar yields by 6% to 10% due to the decrease in plant density. Changing plant spacing within rows from 20 cm to 15 cm did not have significant effect on sugar beet traits. Water deficit at the early season and after the establishment of sugar beet crop decreaseed the sodium content of sugar beet roots during the season, and also reduced root, sugar and white sugar yields, but the amount of yield reduction was lesser than drought stress at the end of season. Therefore, it is recommended to continue irrigation during the sugar beet technological ripening stage. Irrigation could be applied after 70% decrease of the soil moisture content to reduce water use without any significant reduction in root yield.

In crop breeding programs, comprehensive information is needed regarding the genetic structure of plant materials and their combinability. In this regard, the present study was carried out with the objectives of evaluating the general combining ability of parents and the specific combining ability of crosses, determining the nature and extent of gene action, and finally estimating the heritability of quantitative and qualitative traits of sugar beet hybrids by the analysis of line-tester crosses.

The study was conducted as a line-tester crossing using nine lines and two testers of sugar beet. For this purpose, maternal lines were planted in the middle lines and pollinator lines were cultivated in two lateral lines and all the crossings were done by observing the points related to isolation. A number of 18 hybrids obtained from the line-tester cross were cultivated and investigated in the agricultural research station of Shiraz in randomized complete block design with four replications during the crop season of 2019-2020.

The results of analysis of variance of root yield, sugar yield, white sugar yield, sugar content, white sugar content, sodium, potassium, harmful nitrogen, alkalinity coefficient, extraction coefficient of sugar and molasses sugar percentage showed that among studied hybrids, there is a significant difference at the 1% probability level in terms of all the traits except the two traits of sugar content and white sugar content. Line-tester analysis confirmed that the additive and non-additive effects of genes are involved in the expression and inheritance of root yield and sugar yield; However, in the genetic control of white sugar yield, sugar content, white sugar content, sodium, potassium, nitrogen, alkalinity coefficient, extraction coefficient of sugar and molasses sugar percentage, genes with non-additive effect have not played a role, and according to the significance of the general combining ability effect of the line or tester for the mentioned traits, only genes with additive effect are involved in the control. In total, from the used lines in the present study, 950123 and from the experimental testers, F-21121 had positive effects with regard to the improvement goals of sugar beet. S1-24 and F-21122 were associated with negative effects and caused a decrease in the breeding value of the traits.

Overall, obtained results showed the existence of diversity among hybrids derived from crossing between lines and testers. Based on the results, genes with both additive and non-additive effects are involved in the control of root yield and sugar yield, but in the inheritance of sugar yield, sodium, potassium, harmful nitrogen, alkalinity coefficient, extraction coefficient of sugar, and molasses sugar percentage, only genes with additive effect are involved. Considering that general combinability shows the additive effects of genes, so parents with high general combining ability also have a large additive effect that can be used in cultivar production.

Plant breeding is based on genetic diversity. Genetic diversity originates from natural evolution and is the most important component in the stability of biological systems and ensures long-term adaptation and population survival . Conventional agriculture has caused a drastic reduction in the diversity of crop plants. Among the 30,000 identified edible plant species, only 30 species are the main sources of nutrition for the world's people. Considering that the existence of genetic diversity is necessary for success in plant breeding, therefore, the selection of superior genotypes from among the modified populations depends on the existence of genetic diversity. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the genetic diversity of sugar beet half-sib families in the conditions of natural infection with rhizomania and cyst nematode and to determine the relationships of different traits using multivariate statistical methods.

This experiment was studied the half-sib families of sugar beet (90 lines) in a field naturally infected with cyst nematode and rhizomania at Torogh Agricultural Research Station (Mashhad) in 2020 using Augmented design with four controls, Aria, Fernando, Pauletta and Sharif.

The results of analysis of variance showed that there was a significant genetic diversity among the half-sib families studied in terms of root yield, sugar yield and white sugar yield. The highest amount of heritability among the evaluated traits was related to white sugar yield with 86.87% heritability, which indicates that this trait is less influenced by environmental factors. In this research, white sugar yield had a positive and significant correlation with all traits except molasses sugar percentage at the probability level of 1%. Stepwise regression showed that the two attributes of sugar yield and extraction coefficient of sugar cause more than 99% of changes in white sugar yield. Path analysis results showed that sugar yield had the most direct and positive effect on white sugar yield. Based on cluster analysis, the experimental genotypes were classified into three distinct groups; So that the first group included half-sib families that had high root yield and sugar.

Due to the existence of considerable diversity between the traits and experimental half-sib families, half-sibs with desirable traits can be selected based on breeding goals and used in future breeding programs in order to prepare cultivars resistant to cyst nematode and rhizomania diseases.

To evaluation and selection of different genotypes of sugar beet for winter cultivation in Razavi Khorasan province, a randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted separately in two regions (Jovin and Torbet-Jam) in 2018-19.In the Jovein region, 94.11 percent of the total variation in the data was explained by three components. Based on these findings, the characteristics of molasses sugar, sodium content, sugar extraction coefficient, and root yield are the most appropriate selection criteria for winter planting genotypes. Using Ward's method, cluster analysis revealed that the investigated genotypes were distributed into three clusters in both regions. FDIR19B3021 genotype in the first cluster of the Jovin region and FDIR19B4028 genotype in the Torbet-Jam region, SBSI-6 and SVZA2019-JD0402 genotypes in the second cluster as desirable genotypes for the Jovin and Torbet-Jam regions, and SVZA2019-JD0400 genotype in the third cluster. The Perfekta variety was selected as the Torbet-Jam representative for the Jovin region. The results of the experiment demonstrated that the genotypes used in the two regions are distinct, and that the increase in root impurities is a problem associated with winter cultivation, despite the fact that the root yield is maximized. The FDIR19B3021 genotype is recommended in the Jovin region, while the FDIR19B4028 genotype can be suggested in the Torbet-Jam region.

The study of phenotypic diversity is highly recommended as a first step before conducting in-depth biochemical or molecular studies. Hence, morphological description is the most important issue in the process of studying and preserving plant genetic diversity. The use of different traits to study phenotypic diversity reveals the genetic structure and degree of diversity of the study population, which forms the basis of genetic breeding. In breeding programs with the aim of improving the crop and increasing productivity, recognizing the genetic diversity associated with important agronomic traits and also determining the relationship between them is of particular importance.

In this regard, 155 sugar beet hybrids were planted in five incomplete blocks in Khoy Agricultural Research Station during 2020 in the augmented randomized complete block design with five controls of Sina, Novodoro, Modex, Lorquite and Pirula. Germination uniformity and growth uniformity were recorded during the growing season. Experimental harvesting operation was performed by counting and weighing the roots of experimental plots. The roots were then transferred to the sugar technology laboratory of Khoy Agricultural Research Station to wash and prepare a random sample of pulp. To estimate sugar yield, first the root yield of each hybrid was generalized per ton per hectare and by multiplying the percentage of sugar and root yield, sugar yield was obtained. Phenotypic, genetic and environmental variances, phenotypic, genetic and environmental variation coefficients, general heritability and genetic advance were calculated. After calculating Pearson correlation coefficients between the studied traits, stepwise regression analysis was performed for sugar yield characteristics; Then, according to the traits entered in the regression equation, path analysis for sugar yield was performed. Experimental genotypes were grouped based on the Ward method and the optimal number of clusters was determined based on k means.

The results of analysis of variance of the studied traits indicated that there was significant genetic diversity among experimental hybrids in terms of germination uniformity, root yield, sugar content and sugar yield. In all studied traits, due to the influence of environmental factors on them, the phenotypic diversity coefficient was estimated to be higher than the genetic diversity coefficient. Four traits of germination uniformity, root yield, sugar yield and sugar content showed high inheritance. Among the different studied traits, sugar yield and root yield had a positive and a very significant correlation at the probability level of 0.1%. The results of stepwise regression analysis confirmed that the three traits of root yield, sugar content and germination uniformity cause more than 99% change in sugar yield. The results of path analysis confirmed the results of correlation analysis and stepwise regression and showed that the most direct and positive effect is related to the root yield. Based on cluster analysis, experimental hybrids were classified into four distinct groups; So that in the first group was hybrids that had high uniformity in germination and good yield in terms of roots and sugar.

Genetic diversity is now accepted as a special field that can contribute to food security and nutrition. Genetic diversity of crops is the basis of sustainable development. Therefore, there is a need to identify diverse genetic resources using various statistical tools and use them in breeding programs. In the present study, genetic diversity in terms of different traits among sugar beet hybrids was investigated using statistical methods. The results showed that there was considerable genetic diversity among the experimental hybrids in terms of the majority of traits, which confirms the extensive genetic variation in breeding hybrids and provided the paternal basis of this rich diversity in the studied germplasm; Experimental hybrids were divided into four heterotic groups for all traits. Given the diversity of traits and experimental hybrids, hybrids with desirable traits can be selected based on breeding goals and used in future breeding programs to achieve the goals.

High yield and yield stability across a range of environmental conditions is one of the main objectives of crop breeding programs. In this study, white sugar yield stability of nine sugar beet cultivars commercially released in Iran from 2011 to 2020 with an introduced foreign cultivar as check was evaluated using randomized complete block design with four replications in six research field stations; Karaj, Ardabil, Kermanshah, Mashhad, Moghan, Miandoab, in four cropping seasons 2017-2021. The combined analysis of variance revealed that effects of genotype, year, location, and year × location, genotype × year, genotype × location and genotype × year × location were significant (p ≤ 0.01) on white sugar yield. Analysis of genotype × environment interaction showed that the first seven components were significant (p ≤ 0.01). Based on AMMI1 analysis, cv. Asia, cv. Shokoufa and cv. Arta had white sugar yield stability. Linear mixed model analysis showed that the effects of genotype and genotype × environment interaction were significant (p ≤ 0.01) on white sugare yield. Based on the BLUP method, cv. Perfecta, cv. Asia and cv. Shokoufa had the highest predicted mean value of white sugar yield. Biplot of white sugar yield with the WAASB index showed that cv. Asia, cv. Arta and cv. Shokoufa had higher sugar yield as well as higher white sugar yield stability. Ranking of sugar beet cultivars based on WAASB/white sugar yield ratio identified cv. Arta, cv. Asia and cv. Shokoufa as high yielding with white sugar yield stability. Simultaneous ranking and selection of cultivars based on 50:50 WAASB/white sugar yield ratio resulted the same. Therefore, cv. Asia followed by cv. Shokoufa and cv. Arta had relatively higher WAASBY indices. Considering the results of this study, cv. Asia, cv. Shokoufa and cv. Arta were identified as high yielding with higher white sugar yield stability.

The yield and quality of sugar in this plant, like other plants, are strongly influenced by environmental factors, and high modifications occur in its quantitative and qualitative performance. Therefore, the present research was designated and implemented to study the effect of genotype-environment interaction on the quantitative and qualitative production potential of sugar beet cultivars and also determine their adaptability to a wide range of environments with different conditions.

Seven cultivars of sugar beet, consisting of four domestic and three foreign cultivars formed the genetic material of the present study. The plant materials under investigation were cultivated in the randomized complete block design with four replications in four regions of Borujerd, Piranshahr, Jovein, and Shirvan in 2021. After harvesting and estimating root yield, sugar content, white sugar yield, and extraction coefficient of sugar for each of the experimental cultivars, analysis of the stability of root yield and white sugar yield were done by using the additive main effect and multiplicative interaction model and simultaneous analysis of the stability of four measured characteristics with a multi-trait stability index.

The additive effects analysis results of AMMI's model showed that genotype, environment, and genotype-environment interaction were significant at the 1% probability level. Analyzing the multiplicative effect of AMMI's model into principal components showed that in both studied traits, only the first two components of the interaction were significant at the 1% probability level. According to the biplot of the mean yield against the weighted average of absolute scores of the principal components, the Dena in terms of root yield and Dena and Sina in terms of white sugar yield was known as stable cultivars with suitable yield. In the biplot of the first and second principal components of the genotype-environment interaction, the Dena in terms of root yield and Dena, Ekbatan, and Sina in terms of white sugar yield was recognized as cultivars with suitable general adaptability. The studied areas were divided into three mega-environments in terms of each root yield and white sugar yield, so Jovein and Shirvan were identified as the first mega-environment, Borujerd as the second mega-environment, and Piranshahr as the third mega-environment. Based on the results of the multi-trait stability index, the Perfekta was the most ideal cultivar at the same time in terms of all four traits of root yield, white sugar yield, sugar content, and extraction coefficient of sugar, and after that, Flores and Sina were the ideal cultivars.

According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that the environmental conditions and their interaction with the genotype play a significant role in influencing the phenotypic expression of traits in different sugar beet genotypes and cause yield fluctuations from one environment to another. Therefore, it is necessary to be more careful when releasing genotypes to introduce genotypes that are adaptable to the conditions of the target environment and produce suitable products.

To assess root and white sugar yield stability of 11 spring sugar beet genotypes together with three check cultivars, a field experiment was carried out using randomized complete block design with four replications in six agricultural research stations; Toroq (Mashhad), Zarghan, Khoy, Kermanshah Miandoab, and Karaj, Iran, in 2020 and 2021. Combined analysis of variance showed that genotype × environment interaction was significant (P < 0.01), and genotypes had different performance in different environmental conditions. Based on regression coefficient, deviation from regression, Shukla’s stability variance, Wrick's ecovalence, and coefficient of determination, GB-6 and GB-10 genotypes were identified with high root and white sugar yield and yield stability. Although the number of genotypes with yield stability increased by using superiority measure and coefficient of variation, three genotypes including; GB-11, GB-10, and GB-2 showed the highest yield stability for root and white sugar yield, respectively. Using GGE biplot method, GB-11, GB-10, GB-2 and GB-6 were identified with higher root and white sugar yield, than average of all genotypes, and higher yield stability, respectively. Considering the results of this research, GB-6, GB-11, GB-2, and GB-10 were identified as high-yielding genotypes with high yield stability.

Sugar beet is one of the most important industrial plants that is grown in various climates. Crop nutrition management is one of the most important factors in increasing the yield and quality of sugar beet crop. In the proper nutrition of the crop, every element should be available to the plant enough, because in the case of nutritional imbalance, adding a number of nutrients in addition to reducing yield, also disrupts plant growth and ultimately leads to a slight reduction. And the quality of the product will be.

This research was conducted in the year 2019 as a split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in two regions of West Azerbaijan province, Khoy and Naghadeh counties. Nitrogen factor at four levels as N1 (fifty percent at planting and fifty percent at 6-8 leaf stage), N2 (fifty percent at planting and fifty percent at 8-12 leaf stage), N3 (1.5 times N1) and N4 (1.5 times N2) in main and boron plots in four levels B1 non-use, B2 soil use, B3 as foliar application in two stages of 6-8 leaves and 8-12 leaves and B4 as foliar application in two stages of 8 and 16-20 leaves in the subplot.

The results showed that in all four levels of nitrogen, root boron accumulated at the B4 level and reached its highest level and the minimum root boron was obtained from plants treated in B1 (control treatment). The highest efficiency of boron treatment in increasing root boron observed in N1. Root yield also increased due to increasing amounts of nitrogen and boron. Application of nitrogen at higher levels resulted in an increase in sodium, potassium, α-amino nitrogen and consequently molasses sugar, which with the increase of root impurities, the percentage of root sugar also decreased. Technological yield of sugar is also dependent on root impurities, which decreased with increasing impurity of technological yield, so that the effect of B4 on increasing the technological performance of sugar was more pronounced in N1 and the highest technological yield of sugar was obtained in N1B4. The coefficient of reduction of sugar productivity in all four levels of nitrogen in Khoy was lower compared to Nagadeh, so that at least it belonged to N3 plants in Khoy.

In general, the results showed that the application of nitrogen at higher levels resulted in increased sodium, potassium, harmful nitrogen and molasses sugar and reduced technological performance of sugar and with increasing boron treatment more sugar was stored in the root and consequently root yield increased.

Shortage of irrigation water is the most important limiting factor in sugar beet production, therefore, winter sowing can be a suitable strategy to increase water produvtivity and production of this crop. For this purpose, 11 sugar beet early cultivars were sown in the first half of February and were studied on two different harvest dates (early and late July) at Moghan Agricultural Research Station (Iran) during three cropping seasons (2019, 2020 and 2021). Since bolting percentage in all studied sugare beet cultivars was zero, therefore, this trait was not included in the analyses. Combined analysis of variance showed that the effects of year and cultivar were significant (P≤0.01) on all the studied traits: root yield, sugar content, Na+, K+, alpha amino N, sugar yield, molasses sugar content, white sugar content, white sugar yield and extraction coefficient of sugar. The harvest time and year interaction effect was significant (P≤0.01) on all traits. Cultivar and year interaction had significant effect on all traits except root yield and molasses sugar content. Cultivar and harvest time interaction effect was only significant on K+ and white sugar yield. Mean comparisons indicated that the highest white sugar yield obtained in the second (12.60 ton.ha-1) and first (12.18 ton.ha-1) harvest time of 2021cropping season, respectively. Cv. FDIR19B3021 (14.38 ton.ha-1), cv. Dravus (14.26 ton.ha-1) and cv. SVZB2019 (14.18 ton.ha-1) had the highest white sugar yield in 2021 cropping season, respectively. Cv. FDIR19B3021 (10 ton.ha-1) and cv. Dravus (9.70 ton.ha-1) had the highest white sugar yield in the second harvest time, respectively. Considering the results of this experiment, cv. FDIR19B3021 and cv. Dravus can be recommended for winter sowing in Moghan region should the crop is harvested in late July.

The promotion and development of winter-sown sugar beet is one of the significant approaches for using seasonal rainfalls and saving irrigation water for its production. For this purpose, the present study was conducted to study the of genotype × environment interaction effect on white sugar yield of 11 winter season short-season sugar beet cultivars, and selection of superior cultivars in three regions of Moghan,(2019, 2020 and 2021) Torbat-e-Jam (2020 and-2021), and Joveyn (2020) using randomized complete block design with four replications. Combined analysis of variance showed that the environment, genotype and genotype × environment interaction had significant (P ≤ 0. 01) effect on white sugar yield. The GGE biplot method revealed that the first and second main components explained 83.64% of the total variation in white sugar yield. Based on the GGE biplot method, in Moghan 2021, cv. SVZB2019 and Dravos, and in Moghan 2019 and 2020, in Torbat-e-Jam 2020 and 2021 and in Joveyn 2020, cv. FDIR19B3021, cv. FDIR19B4028 and cv. SVZA2019 identified as the best cultivars with high white sugar yield and yield stability, respectively. In general, it was concluded that the environment played a significant role in phenotypic expression of the white sugar yield in the winter-sown short season sugar beet cultivars. Therefore, it would be necessary to select and release sugar beet cultivars adapted to climatic and agronomic conditions for winter sowing in target environments.