جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "ارقام سیب زمینی" در نشریات گروه "گیاهپزشکی"

Potato, as one of the strategic crops, plays an important role in the economy of the country. The potato golden cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis), was reported from Hamedan province in 2007. In present study, the reaction of 19 commercial potato cultivars and 23 advanced potato clones together with resistant and susceptible cultivars were evaluated against potato golden cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis in greenhouse and field conditions. As the result, the cultivars Savalan, Jili, Sagita, Panamera and the clones 5/25, 870787, 1/27, 870861, 13/75, 1 were evaluated as susceptible. The cultivars Anosha, Banba, Kolomba, Kaiser, Fabula and clones 24/24, 19/75, 8701125, 11 and KSG613 were evaluated as resistant which could be introduced as the new resistant cultivars. The cultivars Khavaran, Boren and the clone 8708133 were evaluated as tolerant. The cultivars Challenger, Georgia and Taurus (commonly cultivated in Iran) were evaluated as susceptible. Besides the phenotypic evaluations, the molecular approches were also employed to amplify two TG689 and 57R markers linked to the H1 resistance gene in studied cultivars and clones.

Potato tuber moth, Phthorimea operculella, is one of the most important pests of potato in Iran. Biology of the pest on two commercial potato cultivars, Sante and Arinda, was studied in Andimeshk, north of Khuzestan province, Iran. Samplings were weekly performed from two separate fields cultivated by two cultivars during two agricultural seasons (2013-2015). Adults and immatures monitoring were done by using sex pheromone trap and direct count respectively. Results showed that adults occurred with two months difference in the first and second agricultural seasons which is related to different means temperature in the two studied seasons. Significant correlation was observed between adult densities and weekly means temperature. First adults appeared on both cultivars in early February and December in the first and second agricultural seasons and peaked at the end of March, respectively. The peaks of egg number were observed at The end of March for the first and second agricultural seasons, respectively. First larvae were observed in early and mid of March in the first and second years. Larvae peaked at The end of March and mid of April for the first and second years, respectively. No considerable difference was observed among occurrence, peak and activity time of the developmental stages of potato tuberworm on The two tested cultivars.

In this research، the host preference and life cycle of the Colorado potato beetle، Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)، was studied on 33 potato cultivars. Significant difference was observed for all studied traits (P>0. 05 & P>0. 01). The lowest number of adults was attracted to cultivars Raja، Carlita and Bridget with mean values of 0. 33±0. 17، 0. 50±0. 29 and 0. 50±0. 29 adults، respectively. The lowest egg masses were observed on Bright، Bridget and Raja with means values of 1. 00±0. 00، 1. 50±0. 29 and 1. 50±0. 29 egg masses per hill، respectively. The longest larval and pupal developmental times were observed on Satina، Idol and Eba with mean values of 36. 57±1. 19، 36. 25±0. 89 and 35. 58±1. 23 days، respectively. The highest larval and pupal mortalities were observed on Delikate، Carlita، Armada، Raja and Bridget with mean values of 91. 11±2. 22، 88. 89±2. 22، 84. 45±2. 22، 80. 00±3. 85 and 80. 00±7. 70 percent، respectively. The longest life cycle times of pest (egg to adult) were observed on Idol، Satina and Elles with mean values of 42. 91±0. 37، 42. 62±1. 40 and 42. 17±1. 27 days، respectively. Therefore، it was concluded that among the 33 cultivars studied in this research، cultivars Bridget، Raja and Bright were the least suitable cultivars for the Colorado potato beetle and they can be used in the IPM of the pest.

Potato virus Y (PVY) is the type species of the genus Potyvirus in Potyviridae، and is one of the most important potato infecting viruses which can cause severe crop loss in epidemics. This damage and reduction of yield depends on several factors including potato cultivar، time of infection and virus strain. Currently all tobacco and potato fields are sensitive to PVY and its infection is widespread in many potato fields in Golestan province. Use of resistant varieties is considered as the most effective and economic، and safest method to reduce damages of plant viruses. This study was performed to determine the reaction against PVYO of four prevalentpotato varieties cultivated in the potato fields of Golestan، including Banba، Boren، Marla and Satina، and to identify possible sources of resistance. Eight leaved plants from each cultivar were inoculated mechanically with extract of tobacco leaves infected by PVYO. Plants were kept in greenhouse and symptoms evaluated for four weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using the recorded ratings of the symptoms. Inoculated plants were tested by DAS-ELISA. PVY symptoms، with different severities، were observed in all varieties. Satina was the only variety which its symptom ratings was significantly lower than the total mean، but the maximum titer of virus was observed in DAS-ELISA experiments for Boren variety.

The potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is one of the most damaging pests of cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crop, in both field and stores in tropical and subtropical regions. The biological parameters of this pest were evaluated in the growth chamber at 24±1ºC, 65±5% RH and photoperiod of 14:10 h (L:D) on leaves of ten potato cultivars, Agria, Agata, Almira, Arinda, Baneba, Fiana, Marfona, Ramus, Satina and Volvox. The mean of total development duration (from egg to adult) of P. operculella was significantly different among potato cultivars. The longest immature development time (29.47±0.20 day) was estimated on Marfona leaves. The lowest values of females longevity and life cycle of P. operculella was obtained on Fiana and Volvox cultivars leaves, respectively. There was no significant difference among the preoviposition, oviposition periods and daily fecundity value of P. operculella females feeding on examined cultivars while its postoviposition period and total fecundity on the different potato cultivars differed significantly. The shortest oviposition period was estimated to be 2.57± 0.35 days on leaves of Marfona cultivar. The average of total fecundity per female was lowest on Marfona cultivar (44.61 ± 4.21 eggs). P. operculella has lower performance on leaves of the Marfona cultivar, subsequently, this cultivar was resistant in comparing to other cultivars and can be used in integrated pest management program of potato tuberworm.