جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « زنبورداری » در نشریات گروه « علوم دام »

The living environment of the honey bee is a suitable place for all kinds of pests and diseases to live. Also, the presence of honey, wax, larvae, pupae, and a large number of bees in a dark space and some other things, including desirable temperature and humidity inside the hive, has attracted all kinds of pests and diseases. Varroa mite is the main obstacle to the survival of bee colonies. If you do not control it, it can cause the collapse of bee colonies in a few years. Varroa mite control is essential to maintain bee colonies in most beekeeping areas around the world. Beekeepers routinely use chemical treatments to control this mite. Nowadays, excessive use of chemical pesticides and incorrect management has led to widespread resistance in Varroa mite populations and the residual of these pesticides in beehive products. However, beekeepers usually use more chemical pesticides to control this parasite. Today, researchers are trying to find safer ways to control Varroa mites. Honey bee Specialists and international researchers have introduced several plant compounds as suitable alternatives to chemical pesticides in controlling Varroa mites. Therefore, the most important plants used in honey bee colonies to control Varroa mite have been introduced in this review.

Nowadays, despite the importance of the beekeeping industry in various regions and societies due to its social, economic and environmental functions (such as facilitating the pollination of plants), this industry still faces challenges and neglected opportunities that affect the performance and management status of beekeeping farms. Hence, the present research has tried to identify and prioritize the solutions to improve the performance and management status of beekeeping farms in Fereydunshahr county located in Isfahan province. Data was collected with a researcher made questionnaire. The sample size was 140 beekeepers who were selected by stratified sampling method among the beekeepers of Fereydunshahr county (210 beekeepers). The results from the descriptive analysis and the exploratory factor analysis demonstrated that the formation of an integrated system for the adequate and timely distribution of inputs and services, increasing the attention of the government on beekeeping sector and improving the development services, facilitating the provision of credit and investment in the beekeeping sector, And providing appropriate insurance services in order to increase the resilience of beekeepers has the highest priority among other solutions.

Honey bees and beekeeping belong to a large economic organization where the administrators are the beekeepers, the workers are the bees, and the products produced are ecosystem goods and services, mostly incomprehensible, and beekeeping is an inclusive and diverse activity. This activity, which provides multi-systemic advantages to society helps to the sustainable development of rural areas, and helps the development of global sustainability. The increased globalization of honey yield, trading and packaging, the stimulation of international competition, the control of diseases and pests has caused many of the problems and threats that it faces today. In addition, extremely high losses of managed honey bee hives have raised concern about bee health amongst stakeholders and the public. In order to develop policies and strategies for the Khorasan Razavi province beekeeping sector, SWOT analysis was used to find how strengths can be used to realize new opportunities and how weaknesses can reduce progress or magnify organizational threats. In order to achieve these goals, data from various sources from 2019 to 2021 were used and economic studies of apiculture were performed to investigate the opportunities and challenges of Production and trading of honey in different regions of Razavi Khorasan Province, and then strategic intervention options were identified for detection of opportunities.The results showed that the strategic position for the bee group is aggressive. Therefore, it is very important to create and complete the production chains of bee products, as well as to remove mandatory pricing from the priority strategies in the beekeeping sector.

Meteorological indexes are among the factors affecting the yield of various agricultural and livestock products. Given the leading climate change, examining the impact of meteorological limit indices on livestock production can now be an important challenge for producers. Therefore, the purpose of this meteorological analysis is on the trend of Iran's beekeeping industry in the years 1960 to 2018.

Spearman correlation coefficient was used to study the time series statistics of beehives in Iran and meteorological indices of temperature and precipitation. Standard meteorological indexes are obtained on the basis of daily information and statistics recorded at meteorological stations. R software and related packages were used to estimate the indexes. After quantitative and qualitative study of meteorological statistics, related time series were prepared. Finally, heat and humidity indices were compared with the population of bee colonies by standard methods.

The results showed that the number of bee colonies was affected by meteorological indexes so that the highest correlation coefficient between the number of bee colonies with warm nights (TN90p) was 0.84, (TN10p) cold nights and cold days (TX10p) was 81, respectively. 0-, hot days (TX90p) equal to 0.79, heat duration (WSDI) equal to 0.75, number of days with very heavy rain (R20mm) equal to 0.66, annual amount of rain on wet days (PRCPTOT) equal to 0.61 is significant at the level of 0.05. The results of Petite homogeneity test showed a jump point or sudden change in 1990 for the beehive population at a significance level of 0.05. This jump point occurred upwards. Also, the population trend of the incremental bee hive has a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.98. An average of nearly 2 million hives increased statistically in the second half. The highest agreement (0.84) was with the increase in the number of hot nights during these 60 years. The meteorological index of hot nights (TN90p) has increased from 10 to 20 days and is equivalent to 100%.

Overall, the results showed that the number of bee colonies is affected by meteorological limit indices. Also, the results of various studies on the effect of Global Warming on insects, including bees, have shown that with small fluctuations in ambient temperature, there will be many changes in their behavior and life. In such a way that the rate of reproductive activity, pollination, diversity and distribution and susceptibility to pathogens and their pests are affected and in the long run, can lead to many changes in the bee population. Therefore, in order to strengthen, institutionalize, and support this sector, while recognizing the environmental tensions that are growing in the future, help beekeepers by raising their awareness.

Beekeeping in Iran is one of the production activities that has unique characteristics. One of the characteristics of beekeeping is creating employment with the use of low capital. Therefore, beekeeping can be a good source of income for people with little capital. Although beekeeping is currently one of the low-income jobs, it is possible to increase the income of beekeepers by improving their technical efficiency. Efficiency is considered a very important factor in increasing the production and productivity of production resources, especially in the agricultural economy and rural development of developing countries. On the one hand, these countries face a lack of resources and limited opportunities, and on the other hand, they do not use the existing technologies efficiently; Therefore, studies related to the inefficiency in the production of livestock products and efforts to improve the efficiency and optimal use of resources in these countries will help to increase the productivity of production factors and increase the production of agricultural products. This study aimed to investigate the technological gap ratio (TGR) and factors affecting the technical efficiency of beekeeping in Rudsar Count in Guilan Province of Iran.

The required data were collected by completing questionnaires from 150 beekeepers in Rudsar County in 2020, which were determined using a random sampling method. In the present study, the data cloud method was used to identify the outliers in the data set. After deleting the outliers, the sample was divided into two homogeneous groups in terms of size using cluster analysis. The BCC model was used to estimate the technical efficiency relative to the group frontier and the metafrontier model was used to estimate the technical efficiency relative to the coverage frontier.

The results showed that the average TGR of the studied beekeepers is about 76%. This means that if all the studied beekeepers reach metafrontier technology, it is possible to increase production by 24%. Beekeepers that migrate have a higher technological gap ratio and the result of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed that the difference in TGR is statistically significant. The results of multivariate regression of factors affecting technical efficiency showed that the variables of work experience, type of ownership, participation in training and extension classes, the main job of the beekeeper, number of beehives, and migration variable had a positive and significant effect on technical efficiency of beekeepers. Considering that there is a statistically significant difference between the TGR of beekeepers who migrate and do not migrate, so by solving the problems related to beekeeping migration, the level of beekeepers' production can be improved by using current resources. In the present study, the variable of the number of beehives and ownership had a positive and significant effect on the technical efficiency of beekeepers studied, so the technical efficiency of beekeepers can be increased by increasing the number of beehives and expanding private ownership.

By solving the problems related to the migration of beekeepers, it is possible to improve the production level of beekeepers by using current resources. In addition, by increasing the number of hives and developing private ownership, the technical efficiency of beekeepers can be increased. Considering that some farmers and gardeners do not allow beekeepers' hives to settle in their fields and gardens due to ignorance of the importance of bee pollination, it is necessary to promote cultural activities in this regard. Also, providing the necessary conditions for beekeepers to have easier and cheaper access to production inputs, such as giving low-interest loans, can increase the production of beekeepers and increase their income.

The population of Vanessa cardui has increased in some years due to rising rainfall and vegetation, and is abundantly seen in gardens and farms in the flowers, that cause problems for beekeepers and farmers. Late in winter of 2018 and spring 2019, the population of V. cardui increased in some area and made problems for beekeepers due to over population and feeding of mature butterflies from the nectar of the plants, were as a rival against honeybees.Thistle butterflies are dependent on tropical and temperate habitats to complete their life cycle. The growth and length of each generation in tropical and semi-tropical areas is 33 to 44 days and in the temperate and cold areas is 60 days or more. Mature butterflies are alive after emerging from pupa, for 10 to 24 days but in general, durability of them in the generation of egg to death is about one year. Each female butterfly lay about 500 eggs. They are able to create several generations during migration. V. cardui has a wild dispersion in the world and distributed in the Asia, Europe, Africa, America and Australia but not reported in southern Australia and Antarctica. Therefore, thistle butterfly is a cosmopolitan butterfly. Thistle butterfly was reported also from most provinces of Iran. In the spring of 1992, over population of thistle butterfly and more than that in spring 2019, caused damage to the beekeepers. Of course, in 1992, the major population of V. cardui were in south of the country and rarely in the north and temperate regions. But, in 2019, they migrated to the northern areas of the country and cause worried for farmers and beekeepers. V. cardui has long migration. Two immigration paths of this species have well studied between North Africa and Europe, and also between South and North America. Colorful butterflies during this migration are traveled over 15000 kilometers. Immigration of V. cardui from North Africa to northeast Spain is going to be with the help of wind, and atmospheric phenomena plays an important role in their migration. V. cardui feed on more than 100 plants such as goats-rue, clover, bugloss, salvia, self-heal, thyme, stonecrop, centaury, syrian thistle, cotton thistle and yarrow.  When these butterfly are found abundantly, they are acting as a rival against honeybees and other pollinator insects in the use of nectar on the flowers of the plants. Generally, reduction of available nectar for honeybees, Increase the need to feed the colonies and consequently enhance cost of beekeeping. During this period, the pollen used by honeybees in this area is not invasion by butterfly. Despite the high rainfall in winter 2018 and early spring 2019, there was no acceptable production in honeybee colonies of most region in Alborz Mountains. So, beekeepers for sustainability of their colonies will continue to feed the colonies in the spring to compensate the deficiencies of the nectar because of invasion of V. cardui in the region. This situation had less intensity in the western parts of the country and Zagros Mountains, so honey production was more in apiaries of Zagros Mountains. It seems that, deploying honeybee colonies on far-flung routes of butterfly migration will reduce their negative impacts.

The dust storm hurricanes due to its fine grain size, have traveled a long way and affected widespread
areas, where 14 of Iran's provinces affected by the dust storm that coming from the neighboring countries.
In the recent years, the occurrence of dust storm had been increased in the Iran, special in the southern and
western parts. This increase trend resulted in negative effects i.e. on the bee keeping and honey production.
Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of dust storm on decrease of honey production. The
precipitation data and honey production were provided form related organization. In order to data analysis,
the SPSS software was employed. The One-Sample-T test was used regarding to investigate the effects
of dust storm on decrease of honey production. Given that the potential honey production is 11.5 kg in
Iran, we conclude that dust storm occurrence had significant (P-value < 0.05) negative effects on the honey
production resulted in decrease its production. In order to the impacts of dust storm hurricanes on the average
honey production in hives, the regression analysis was used. The results showed that occurrence of the dust
storm and drought had significant (P-value < 0.05) negative effects on the average honey production in hives.
Our results revealed that 65 % of decrease in honey production is due to occurrence of the dust storm and
drought, in Andimeshk Province

Beekeeping as an economic activity, while preventing the degradation of pastures and forests in developing countries, has many opportunities for improving the livelihoods of small farmers by engaging them in this work (Masuku 2013; Jaafar-Furo 2014). Despite the expected important role of beekeeping in improving the livelihoods of farmers, jobs related to bees generally, have a low income (Mirmohammad Sadeghi et al. 2007). Several factors such as climate, vegetation (Golchin and Jalali 2013; Karimi et al. 2009) and human factors (management and knowledge) affect the performance of beekeepers. If production in the agricultural and livestock sectors is due to three major sources of land, labor and capital, without the factor of management it is incidental to produce. The returns of both physical and economic factors generally depend on the manager's skill in the combination of resources in an appropriate and efficient manner (Nuthall 2006; Daneshvar Khaki 2010). It should be emphasized that although the beekeeper has no control over environmental and climatic factors, an empowered beekeeper can make the most use of climate and environmental conditions by making appropriate decisions. Therefore, there is a need for planning to improve the performance and productivity of this activity, and this involves understanding the production status of beekeepers and their actions. According to the Agricultural Jihad Organization of the West Azerbaijan province in 2013, average honey production per colony (yield), was 19.3 kg in the province, while average production was reported in Osnavieh region equals 6.6 kg. Distribution of yield among beekeepers in the region was also significant. The range of yield varies from 3 kilograms to 40 kilograms per hive unit (Abdi, personal communications 2014). Therefore, the main issue of the present research was why, despite the almost similar conditions in the region, there is a meaningful difference between beekeepers? Therefore, the present study assumes that some of these differences are attributable to beekeeper's breeding practices. In this regard, different activities of beekeepers, as a result of their knowledge and management skills, effect on the performance of their apiary. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different activities of beekeepers on apiary yield
Material and This research work was conducted in Oshnavieh region in the district of West Azerbaijan province, Iran. The target groups were the beekeepers which their numbers are estimated to be 218 households. Cochrane’s sampling formula was adopted to get the appropriate sample size for this research, which involved 115 of beekeepers. Samples selected through randomized sampling method. Information related to honybee production system was recorded by interviewing the farmers in their farm unit, using a structured questionnaire (research tool). The questionnaire included several sections. The dependent variable was the performance of the apiary in 2015 and in this research, income per hive was used to measure the yield. The data obtained were managed, collected and analyzed using Excel and SPSS20. The descriptive analysis was used to describe the sampled population in the study. The correlation test was used to describe the relationship between variables and multiple linear regressions was used to explore the effective variables on the yield of beekeepers.
the results showed that all beekeepers were male and most of them (95.7%) were married. The average age of beekeepers was 40 years; most of them (40%) were in the age group of 29 to 41 years old. Most respondents (83.5%) live in the village and among respondents, 105 were heads of household. 99 beekeepers were trained in beekeeping. Based on the results of this research, beekeeping was the main occupation of 74.8% of the respondents and the remaining 25.2% were occupied by beekeeping as the second occupation. The average number of hives in the apiary was 218 hive, and 70% of beekeepers had less than 250 hives. Average sugar consumption per hive was 17.35 kg. More than 92% of beekeepers migrate their honey colonies, with a mean distance of 357 km. The results showed that almost all beekeepers use beekeeping clothing (hats, gloves, clothing, etc) and bee brush, but in contrast, a small number of beekeepers use artificial insemination and bee venom collector. Results showed that beekeepers had 40 different activities related to the production system. Average income per hive was about 1950000 rails. Correlation analysis revealed that education and actions of beekeepers e.g. Considering standard space of hive placement, migration (movement), considering health issues, removing sick hives from the field had positive significant correlation with farm yield (P The result of regression analysis showed that two variables including the amount of sugar feeding and second migration distance is determining 39.8% of the farm yield variance.

The presence of nectar-and pollen- bearing plants as vegetative cover in rangelands can provide the ground for job opportunities in the context of beekeeping as an aspect of rangeland's multipurpose uses. Beekeeping, as an approach, based upon indigenous knowledge, is suggested to create jobs, and to somehow compensate for the animal husbandry's diminishing income (the fall of income due to the necessity of lowering the number of aniamls to ease the exerted pressure upon rangelands). Realizing the close relationship between bees and the flowering plants a study of the flowering plants (time of flowering in particular) appealing to honeybee, as well as an identification of the places where these plants grow more, are among the important tools of management towards a determination of a region's appropriateness as regards beekeeping. The end results are expected to be a prevention of rangeland degradation due to overgrazing, accompanied by the development of beekeeping job opportunities. A lack of knowledge in the field would, on the other hand, be a severe hindrance to proper exploitation of rangeland's beekeeping potential. In the course of the present study, the potentiality of the region concerning an identification and use of the region's plants in beekeeping enterprises has been put into consideration. Randomized sampling of plant types, cavere percentage, and plant combination percent was performed through a number of three 200 m2 transects along which a number of thirty plots (each of 1 m2 area) were assigned. In the study are a (Middle Taleghan), the most conspicuous plant families visited by bees were respectively Labiatae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Apiaceae, Rosaceae, and Crucifera. Seventy nine out of 175 plant species are visited and utilized by bees most. These species which form the dominant plant cover in poorer rangelands are lowly valued as viewed by animal keeper. A further knowledge of these plants along with particularly a close identification of their flowering days would lead to the preparation of a beekeeping calendar and an estimation of the rangeland's potential that can be dedicated to the enterprise.