جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « فلفل قرمز » در نشریات گروه « علوم دام »

Food additives are a group of different substances that are used for different purposes in poultry diets. Antibiotics are a group of food additives that have been used for many years in the poultry industry to improve performance. Numerous studies have shown that the use of antibiotics in poultry diets, although slightly improved performance; however, long-term use of antibiotics causes bacterial resistance and endangers human health. Therefore, today, due to the limitations of the use of antibiotics, the use of natural alternatives such as medicinal plants has been considered. Medicinal plants as a natural feed additive in poultry diets have been effective in improving performance, improving the immune response, maintaining bird health, and reducing the effects of oxidative spoilage. Turmeric is one of the medicinal plants used in poultry diets. Turmeric, due to its curcumin, can improve the antioxidant and immune status of poultry. Another medicinal plant is red pepper. Red pepper has been suggested as a beneficial factor due to its active ingredients such as capsaicin, vitamins A, E, C, and B, minerals, and carotenoids. Red pepper is effective on the immune system of poultry. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of adding turmeric powder and red pepper in corn-based diets on the performance of growing quails.

The experiment was performed for 35 days using 512 day-old Japanese quails (as hatched), in a completely randomized design with eight treatments (three levels of turmeric (0.75, 1.5, and 2.25 %), three levels of red pepper powder (0.75, 1.5, and 2.25 %), an antibiotic treatment (500 ppm) and a control treatment without additive with four replicates and 16 birds in each replicate. Nutritional requirements of quails were extracted from NRC. Live weight and feed intake were measured weekly. To calculate the feed conversion ratio, first, the amounts of feed intake and daily weight gain during the experimental period were determined, and then the value of the feed conversion ratio was calculated by dividing the feed intake by weight gain. At 35 days of age, two male and two female birds from each treatment were numbered and slaughtered and carcass weight, thigh weight, and chest weight were measured. Carcass yield was then calculated by dividing carcass weight to live weight. Evaluation of the immune system of quails was assessed by measuring the weight of the thymus gland and bursa of Fabricius and blood immunoglobulin in terms of antibodies produced against Newcastle virus (HI test).

The results of this experiment showed that at the age of 35 days, quails receiving experimental diets had a higher live weight than the control group (P<0.05). The effect of treatments on feed intake was significant (P<0.05). Adding turmeric and red pepper throughout the experiment reduced feed intake compared with the control group. FCR was significantly affected by experimental diets during the whole experiment period (P<0.01), and quails received 0.75% turmeric powder (2.18) and quails received 1.50% turmeric powder (2.16) had a significantly lower FCR than the control treatment (2.69). Contrary to red pepper, adding turmeric powder improved the FCR of quails (P<0.01). Curcumin in turmeric has a positive effect on bile production, secretion of gastrointestinal enzymes (amylase and lipase), increases the length of intestinal villi, and increases digestion and absorption of nutrients in birds. Some studies have reported the effectiveness of red pepper on digestive enzymes, and performance has been improved in various species. Capsaicin (the main active ingredient in red pepper) has increased the activity of amylase, lipase, and trypsin enzymes in the duodenum. The levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL and HDL, VLDL, and total serum antioxidants (TAC) significantly affected experimental diets (P<0.05). The triglycerides of quails received 2.25% red pepper powder (152 mg/dL) was lower than the control group (261 mg/dL). The reason for lowering blood triglycerides would be the presence of capsaicin in red pepper, which reduces the activity of glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase, thereby reducing fat synthesis.

Based on the results of the present study, feeding 1.5 % turmeric powder or 2.25% chili pepper powder is recommended to improve the performance, blood parameters, and immune response of growing quails.

Effect of red pepper in comparison to commercial growth promoters, Biostrong and Oleobiotec, on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and other traits of broilers under heat stress conditions using 200 day-old broiler chickens mixed male and female of ArborAcers strain in a completely randomized design with four treatments, five replications and ten chickens per replicate were evaluated. Treatments included a basal diet without additives and a basal diet containing 10, 0.1, 0.15 g/kg red pepper, Biostrong, and Oleobiotec,respectively. At the beginning of third week, the birds were exposed to heat stress for six hours per day. During the 42 days of the experiment, the mean minimum and maximum temperatures were 25°C and 33°C. Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, the weight of internal organs, caecal microflora, and precaecal nutrient digestibility were measured for the heat stress period. The use of red pepperimproved the feed conversion ratio and daily weight gain in grower and finisher periods and increased protein, lipid, and dry matter precaecal digestibility, the relative weight of bursa of Fabricius, spleen, and gizzard, and decreased the Ecoli population in caecum compared to the control treatment (P≤0.05). Biostrong and Oleobiotec did not affect growth performance, prececal nutrient digestibility, and the E.colipopulation. Overall, using the red pepper in the diet of broilers compared to commercial growth promoters reduced the adverse effects of heat stress on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and caecal microflora.

In recent years, the advances made in the field of genetics, food, breeding, and marketing in the poultry industry have led to the use of modern methods and devices to achieve the highest production with the lowest cost in the industry. So today, food additives are used in the poultry industry to achieve high production with the lowest cost. Medicinal plants contain substances called active ingredient or active ingredients are made and stored and have physiological effects are on the body of a living creature leave. Medicinal plants due to certain compounds can affect the production and improving digestive and finally affect the bird feed digestibility. This plant contains active ingredients: Capsaicin and is capsanthin. Some antimicrobial compounds extracted from plants including: Terpiner, Betapinen, alfapinen, Linaleolandterpineol.

n this study 160 day-old male (Ross 308) broiler chicks in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates per treatment, were used from age 1 to 42 days. In each
experimental unit 10 chicks were reared in the same environmental conditions. Experimental diets (treatments) were as consisted of 1) basal diet without additives (control), 2) control diet containing 0.04 percent Flavophospholipol, 3) control diet containing 0.1% of red pepper powder, 4) control diet containing 0.3% of red pepper powder, diets were fed in two periods. Body weight and feed intake were measured weekly and daily mortality was recorded and then these data were used to calculate the performance parameters of body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio. To study the structure of the ileum villus tissue sample of the target tissue as much as 4 cm from the beginning of the ileum supply and after unloading
the contents and washing was kept in 10% formalin paraffin wax technique for producing histological slides were thin.

The results showed that weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion were not affected by treatments. The addition of red pepper powder did not have a significant effect on the body
weight of broiler chicks, consuming more than one percent of the red pepper extract had no effect on weight gain, possibly due to an increase in the intake of red pepper fruit in broiler chickens. Capsaicin stimulates fat metabolism from stored tissue and also activates both liver enzymes G6PD and lipoprotein lipase and thus does not affect weight gain. Adding capsaicin 0.2% does not affect feed intake. It has also been reported that no difference was found in the consumption of broiler chickens fed with Pune, Cinnamon and Pepper extract with five grams of Lamiaceae plants. Medicinal plants, as part of active substances, are very mischievous or may have a nasty taste, and in the diet may cause the animal to refuse eating and reduce feed intake. Adding
capsaicin 0.2% does not affect feed intake (13). It has also been reported that no difference was found in the consumption of broiler chickens fed with Pune, Cinnamon and Pepper extract with five grams of Lamiaceae plants. Based on these results, feeding with 0.1% red pepper powder increased the lactobacillus population as compared to the control and antibiotic group (P <0.05). Also, the total amount of the formulas in the treatment fed with 0.1% red pepper and antibiotic was decreased in comparison with the control (P <0.05). Red pepper powder, due to capsaicin, reduces the pH of the diet and thus increases the bacteria producing lactic acid and reduces the total bacterial form. A mixture of capsaicin, cinnamaldehyde and caracole
reduced the number of pericardial cholera and pericardial cholestridium in the intestinal tract. Vegetative herbicides reduced the number of asherikhakli e coli and Clostridium perfringens in the intestines of broiler chicks. Also, a mixture of herbal essential oils can reduce colonies of clostridium performs in the intestine and feces of broiler chicks. Lactobacilli is produced by the production of lactic acid as an antimicrobial that eliminates the external membrane of gram-negative bacteria, and, by decreasing the intestinal pH, inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Antibacterial activity of medicinal plants is directly related to the concentration and composition of the active ingredients. These compounds reduce the thickness of the intestinal epithelium, modify the microbial population and reduce the pathogenic microorganisms of the poultry function Improve The results of this study showed that feeding with red pepper powder increased the length of upper ileum compared to the control group (P <0.05). Upper ileum increased in chicken fed 0.1% red pepper in comparison with the control and antibiotic groups (P <0.05). Crypt depth was not affected by experimental treatments. In the case of herbs, there are various reports of increasing, no change, as well as a decrease in the length and depth of the intestines of broilers during the use of medicinal plants.

In the present study, the use of red pepper powder increased the useful bacteria (lactobacilli) and reduced the harmful ones (total polymorphisms). It also increased the length and width of the intestines of broiler chickens, although it did not have a significant effect on yield. Therefore, red pepper can be thought of as a suitable alternative to flavophospholipol antibiotics by reducing the overall bacterial form and increasing the intestinal parenchyma