جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "hematology" در نشریات گروه "علوم دام"

Ziziphus mauritiana due to having a significant amount of protein and energy has been introduced as a part of fodder for light livestock, especially in conditions of food restrictions. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Indian Ziziphus (Ziziphus mauritiana) leaves feeding on growth performance, hematology and blood biochemical parameters of Adani fattening goat kids.

In this study, 16 Adani male goat kids with an average age of 180 ± 11 days and an average weight of 17.28 ± 1.32 kg were used in a completely randomized design using 2 treatments and 8 replications. At first, based on regular random method, samples were taken from Ziziphus mauritiana leaves. In order to mix Ziziphus mauritiana leaves with other components of the ration, after drying in the sun, Ziziphus mauritiana leaves were cut into small pieces (2-3 cm). Experimental treatments include: 1) basal diet without Ziziphus mauritiana leaves (control diet), 2) basal diet with 20% Ziziphus mauritiana leaves (based on the percentage of dry matter of the ration). In the experimental diet, Ziziphus mauritiana leaves replaced with 20% of alfalfa in the control diet. In order to acclimatize the animals, a period of 15 days was considered. Goats were kept in individual stalls and fed experimental diets for 75 days. During the experiment, the feed consumed two times a day according to appetite and water was freely available to the Goats. Weighing of the goat kids was done weekly and before the morning feed, and the amount of feed given and remaining was weighed daily. On days 0, 35 and 75, blood samples were taken from the the jugular vein of goats kids and the blood parameters included RBC, WBC, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, HGB, platelet, total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, LDL, HDL. , urea, glucose, calcium and phosphorus were measured.

Investigating the growth performance did not show a significant effect between the final weight, daily weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio of the experimental treatments (P<0.05). The results of investigation of haematological parameters showed significant changes in the average concentration of white blood cells (WBC), the average volume of red blood cells (MCV) and platelets at the 35th day, as well as the average concentration of white blood cells and platelets at the 75th day of the experiment (P<0.05). The interaction effect of the feeding level of Ziziphus mauritiana leaves and the sampling time on the blood parameters of Adani fattening goat kids had only a significant effect on the average concentration of white blood cells (P<0.05). Investigation of blood biochemical parameters only showed that feeding of Ziziphus mauritiana leaves had significant effect on the average concentration of calcium at the 35th day and the average concentration of protein at the 75th day of the experiment (P<0.05). The interaction effect of the feeding level the Ziziphus mauritiana leaves and sampling time on the blood biochemical parameters of Adani goat kids had significant effect only on the average concentration of protein of the treatments (P<0.05).

Finally, the results of this study showed that Ziziphus mauritiana leaves can be used up to 20% of the forage consumption of Adni fattening goat kids without negative effect on haematological and blood biochemical parameters.

To investigate the milk yield and composition and some blood parameters of pregnant ewes receiving a slow-release bolus of copper, 120 Lori-Bakhtiari pregnant ewes (in their third and fourth parities with a body condition score of 3 to 3.5) were divided into three groups of 40 heads each in a completely randomized design. Treatments included: 1) control ewes (5.79 mg copper per kg of dry matter); 2) ewes receiving two milligrams of copper per day (one bolus), and 3) ewes receiving four milligrams of copper per day (tow boluses). On the first day, days 10 and 60 postpartum, blood samples were taken from the ewes. Serum copper concentration, serum ceruloplasmin concentration, and white blood cell count were significantly higher in ewes receiving one or two copper bolus than in the control group (P<0.05). Milk production, protein content, and percentage of non-fat milk solids were significantly higher in ewes receiving two copper bolus than in other treatments (P<0.05). Also, ewes receiving one copper bolus had significantly higher milk production, protein content, and percentage of non-fat milk solids than the control treatment (P<0.05). The percentage of milk fat in the control group was higher than ewes receiving two slow-release copper bolus (P<0.05). Milk copper concentration in ewes receiving one or two copper boluses was higher than in the control treatment (P<0.05). In general, both levels of copper improved milk production and some blood parameters, but the use of two boluses is recommended for higher milk production.

Zinc is involved in the regulation of many metabolic processes and zinc deficiency resulting in low appetite, consequently decreased feed intake. Also, zinc deficiency decreases the growth and weight gain of the animal. It has been reported that the daily requirement of zinc for suckling calves is 33 mg/kg DM. While, the amount of this element in cow’s milk is 3-5 mg/kg. Therefore, zinc supplementation may improve the performance of suckling calves. So, this study was performed to investigate the effect of different levels of zinc on performance and some blood and ruminal parameters in Holstein suckling calves.

This study was conducted using 18 newborn Holstein calves from 4 days of age to weaning (70 days) in a completely randomized design. Experimental treatments were treatment 1 (control, basal diet), treatment 2 (basal diet plus 30 mg / kg DM as zinc sulfate) and treatment 3 (basal diet plus 60 mg/ kg DM as zinc sulfate). The calves were housed in individual pens with cement floors and were offered with whole milk (approximately at 10% of weight) in two equal meals daily at 8:00 and 19:00 during the experimental period. They had free access to the pelleted starter and fresh-water. After 15 days, chopped wheat straw (5 %) and alfalfa (5%) were added to their starter. Daily feed and ort were measured to estimate daily dry matter intake and animals were weighed fortnightly to obtain average daily gain. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein at the end of the trial (day 70) before the morning feeding for measurement of blood mineral (Zn, Ca, P, Fe, and Cu) status and the hematological parameters (hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count, white blood cell count and hematocrit %). Also, the ruminal fluid samples were collected on day 70, 3 h after the morning feeding, by stomach tube and a vacuum pump for determination of ruminal volatile fatty acids concentrations.

The results showed that the use of different levels of zinc had no significant effect on feed conversion ratio in weaning calves. However, average daily gain in treatments 2 and 3 (724.29 and 765.00 g / day, respectively) and dry matter intake in treatment 3 (1692.41 g / day), were significantly (P<0.05) higher than the control treatment (628.29 and 1532.83 g / day, respectively). Supplementation of zinc significantly increased (P<0.05) serum zinc concentration in treatments 2 and 3 (1.184 and 1.168 mg / l, respectively). However, no significant differences were observed among treatments for the concentration of other minerals in blood serum (calcium, phosphorus, iron and copper). Also, supplementation of zinc had no significant effect on blood hematological parameters. Ruminal total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid concentrations, and acetic acid: propionic acid ratio were not affected by zinc supplementation.

Generally, the results showed that a basal diet containing 29.68 mg Zn/kg DM can supply the zinc requirement of Holstein suckling calves. But, zinc supplementation improved the performance of these animals.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of graded creatine monohydrate levels on diets at different levels of protein on carcass characteristics and hematological parameters. A total of 320 Ross 308 one-day-old broilers were in the form of 2*4 factorials, with four levels of creatine (zero, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5%), and two levels of protein (requirements of Ross 308 and 10% higher), with four replicates, were used. Blood sampling was performed at 35 days of age. To investigate the carcass characteristics, at the end of the experiment two birds at each replicate were randomly selected, weighed and slaughtered. 10% higher protein requirement increased daily weight gain, live weight, carcass yield, relative liver, and breast weight, and decreased feed conversion ratio and abdominal fat (P<0.05). Adding 0.3% and 0.5% creatine monohydrate to the diet increased live weight, carcass yield and relative weight of breast and thigh compared to other groups (P<0.05). Protein and creatine levels had no effect on immune cells and Newcastle titer; however, the data indicated a numerical increase in lymphocyte, monocyte and Newcastle titer and a decrease in heterophil. Creatinine concentration in the blood of birds fed with 0.3 and 0.5% creatine monohydrate was higher than broilers fed with 0.1% creatine monohydrate and control group (P<0.05). The results showed that moreover the beneficial effects of creatine at high levels and 10% higher protein requirements on growth performance and carcass traits, blood creatinine concentrations should be increased which could potentially improve immune system function.

This study was performed to investigate the effects of frankincense on growth performance, hematology, intestinal morphology, and testicular and ovarian histology in Japanese quails. The experiment was conducted with 450 Japanese quail chicks in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 5 replicates (15 chicks per replicate). The experimental treatments were as follows: basal diet with no additives (control treatment), and basal diet supplemented with bacitracin antibiotic (treatment 2), 1g/kg of frankincense powder (treatments 3), 2g/kg frankincense powder (treatments 4), 20 mg/kg frankincense essential oils (treatment 5), or 40 mg/kg frankincense essential oils (treatment 6). The results showed that the number of white blood cells in treatment 5 was significantly greater than those in   treatments 2 and 4 (P<0.05). The internal connective tissue layer of the testes was thicker in treatment 6 than that in the treatment 4 (P<0.05). In contrast, no significant effect of frankincense powder or essential oils on growth performance, hematology, and morphological features of the intestine, ovarian, and testes was observed as compared with the control group (P>0.05). In conclusion, the use of frankincense powder or essential oils increased the number of white blood cells but it did not change the other parameters.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of phospholipid supplement and oil sources on performance and blood biochemical parameters of Japanese quails. A total number of 270seven-day-olds Japanese quails were selected, and analyzed in a completely randomized design with 9 treatments, three replicates and 10 quails per each replicate. Experimental diets included: basal diet with 3 levels of phospholipid supplement (0, 0.1 and 0.2%) with 3 oil types (poultry, rapeseed, mixed of poultry and rapeseed). Results showed neither feed intake nor feed conversion ratio were not influenced by the type of oils. Using oil with phospholipid caused reduction in body weight and feed intake however increment in feed conversion ratio (p<0.05).Using poultry oil with/without phospholipid supplementation (0.1%) significantly increased breast and thigh weights in quail’s (p<0.05). Poultry oil with phospholipid supplement showed a significant effect on blood parameters, so that the levels of HDL increased but did not show significant effect with poultry oil and without phospholipid on cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The most neutrophil count was related to treatment received rapeseed oil with 0.1% phospholipid supplement. Overall, the use of poultry oil with phospholipids supplement improved carcass traits and positively affected blood and hematological parameters in Japanese quails.

In sheep fattening, due to diets that contain high concentrate and low forage, it is possible to reduce the balance of the rumen environment. According to researches, the activity of rumen enzymes also varies with regard to the rumen status, especially pH, and the inherent nature of buffers in improving the rumen's environmental conditions, as well as the possible effect of the physical form of the concentrate on ruminal activity. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the physical form of the concentrate (pellet and mash) and buffer type of ration (bicarbonate sodium and sesquisodium carbonate) on the activity of some ruminal hydrolytic enzymes including carboxymethyl cellulase, microcrystalline cellulase, Filter paper decomposition activity, protease and alpha amylase in different segments of rumen fluid (including solid, extracellular and intracellular sections) and nitrogen retention and blood hematology of Dalagh fattening lambs.

In order to investigate the effect of the physical form of the concentrate and the buffer type of diet on the activity of some hydrolytic ruminal enzymes, nitrogen retention and blood hematology in Dalagh fattening lambs, used 28 male lambs in 6±1.2 months and average weight of 28±2.7. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement and a 98-day period (14 days of adaptation and 84 days of the main period) with 4 treatments and 7 replications. Rumen fluid sampling was performed to measure the activity of some hydrolytic enzymes during the final week of the experiment. Also, on day 60, 4 lambs were randomly selected from each treatment and transferred to metabolic cages. After 3 days of adaptation, for 6 consecutive days, the urine and faces were collected so that the nitrogen balance was also measured using nitrogen consumption and excretion It was estimated through urine and faces. To determine the blood parameters, in final day, 3 hours after the morning feeding, blood was taken from the vein and immediately transferred to the laboratory. Blood parameters such as white blood cells, neutrophils, eosinophil’s, lymphocytes and monocytes were measured and red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean blood cell counts, mean hemoglobin, and mean hemoglobin concentration were also determined.

Based on the results, change in physical form of the concentrate and the buffer type did not have a significant effect on the activity of the total carboxymethyl cellulase enzymes, microcrystalline cellulase, and activity of filter paper decomposition, alpha amylase and protease. Although the experimental diets have been effective in the activity of various segments protease enzymes and filter paper decomposition activity. This effect has not been sufficient to alter the overall activity of these enzymes. In relation to nitrogen balance, no significant difference was found between nitrogen intake, total nitrogen and nitrogen retention in experimental groups, and only excreted nitrogen through feces under the influence of sesquisodium carbonate buffer increased compared to those receiving sodium bicarbonate buffer. Also, no significant differences were found between the hematological parameters of the lambs.

This study showed that the physical form of the concentrate and the buffer type had a significant difference in the activity of the total carboxymethyl cellulase enzymes, microcrystalline cellulase, activity of filter paper decomposition, alpha amylase and protease and nitrogen balance, as well as there are no, between hematology parameters

Ostrich industries have been recently developed in many countries around the world, especially for the production of meat due to its favorable fatty acid profile and low fat content as compared with other kinds of red meat (Angel 1996). Modern strategies in ostrich production are improving health status and consumers’ requirements and also promoting their growth performance. In recent years, special attention has been paid to the use of herbal products, especially essential oils, in poultry diets as natural alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters. In addition to growth promoting effects of these compounds (Windisch et al. 2008; Brenes and Roura 2010), they can stimulate immunity (Habibi et al. 2014). Essential oils as a growth stimulant play an important role in improving health in different species of poultry; however, no specific study has been done regarding the dietary inclusion of herbal products in the ostrich diets. In this study, the effects of different levels of essential oil (EO) mixture supplement (containing an equal level of peppermint, eucalyptus, fennel and thyme) were examined on growth performance and hematological and biochemical parameters in African domestic ostrich chickens from ages 5 to 7 months.
Material and There were three treatments as follows: control (without essential oils), and levels of 200 and 400 mg EO per one liter of drinking water. A total of 18 ostrich chickens were used in this experiment (6 birds per treatment). The basal diet was formulated to meet nutrient requirements for the optimum growth conditions as recommended by Brand and Olivier (2011). Body weights and feed intake were recorded on a monthly basis for the 2-month duration of the trial. Feed conversion rate (FCR) was also calculated as the ratio of feed intake and body weight gain of respective groups. Blood collection was made from the wing vein from six birds per treatment by using vacutainer tubes, following about 12 h fasting to avoid diurnal influences. For hematological determination, blood samples were placed into EDTA anticoagulant-treated bottles (3 mg/2 ml) to prevent clotting. For serum biochemical analysis, blood samples were put into tubes containing a clot activator and serum gel separator. Samples containing EDTA were stored in ice box and immediately transferred to the laboratory for analyses. The other samples were centrifuged at 2,000×g for 10 min and frozen at −20°C until analysis. To determine blood leukocyte profiles, 100 leukocytes per samples were counted by an optical microscope. The heterophil to lymphocyte ratio was calculated as stress indicator. All data obtained from the trial were analyzed by General Linear Model (SAS Institute 2001), based on a completely randomized design. When, a significant probability value (P The level of 200 mg of EO significantly improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio from 5 to 7 months of age (P0.05). Among different levels of EO, only 200 mg of EO mixture (peppermint, eucalyptus, fennel and thyme essential oils) in the drinking water improved growth and body weight gain compared to the control group, during the whole experimental period. There are conflicting effects on the use of herbal essential oils in other studies. For example, Khaksar et al. (2012) reported that the addition of thyme essential oils at 100 g/kg diet increased the weight gain of Japanese quail chickens during the 35-day period. In contrast, Kirkpinar et al. (2011) showed that body weight gain was not affected by the garlic essential oils or garlic and oregano essential oils mixture, and even the oregano essential oils caused weight loss in the broiler chickens. Improving the performance due to the application of herbal essential oils can be due to various factors, including the presence of active compounds in herbal essential oils, which have beneficial effects on digestive activity and improve the feed efficiency and also eliminate harmful microorganisms in the digestive system and feed products (Hashemi and Davoodi 2011). In a study in pigs, it has been reported that the blood hemoglobin concentration is not only dependent on the dietary protein level, but other nutrients, especially iron, are also effective on its concentration (Jolliff and Mahan 2011). Therefore, the increased absorption of nutrients, especially protein and iron, can be effective in increasing the blood hemoglobin level of broiler chickens receiving 200 mg essential oils. Increasing the absorption of nutrients, especially protein, has been reported by supplementation with vegetable essential oils in the other studies (Cao et al. 2010; Amad et al. 2011). Reducing the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio in the 200 and 400 mg of essential oils groups indicates that the addition of these essential oils to the drinking water of ostrich chickens has a positive effect on resistance to stress and even improving the immunity of the birds. Similar to the results of the current study, Hassan et al. (2011) reported that the addition of eucalyptus to the Japanese quail diet reduced the blood cholesterol and total lipids compared to the control group. The terpenoids from essential oil components extracted from the herbs have been reported to have a hypocholesterolemic effect (Elson and Yu 1994). This property is attributed to the inhibiting effect of these compounds on the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, which is the first enzyme in the pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis (Elson 1995).
In general, the addition of 200 mg EO to the drinking water of ostrich chickens was particularly effective in improving the growth, resistance to stress and cholesterol metabolism.

This trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of different sources of selenium supplements on growth performance, hematological and rumen metabolites in finishing Mehraban lambs for 70 days. The trial experiment consisted of 24 male lambs, 4-5 months of age and 35.8±2.7 kg average in weight randomly allotted to 4 treatments. Treatments were: 1) Control diet (diet without selenium supplementation, containing 0.06 mg/kg of selenium); 2) Control diet + 0.2 mg/kg Se as selenium yeast (organic selenium); 3) Control diet + 0.2 mg/kg Se as sodium selenite and 4) Control diet + 0.4 mg/kg Se as sodium selenite. During the course of the experiment lambs were weighed on first day and on days 14, 28, 42, 56 and 70 to determine body weight change. Blood samples were taken on days 0, 35 and 70 and rumen samples were taken on days 35 and 70. Feed was administered daily and orts recorded to get net feed intak. Supplementations of organic and inorganic selenium to diet did not have significant effect on lambs growth performance, hematological parameters, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and creatine phospho kinase (P<0.05), while increased blood GPX activity compared to control group (P<0.05). Also, supplementation of 0.2 mg/kg organic selenium increased total volatile fatty acids and decreased ammonia concentrations in rumen, compared with non supplemented group (P<0.05). In overall, it may be concluded that organic supplement of selenium improves rumen parameters of growing Mehraban lambs.1