جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "challenge" در نشریات گروه "شیلات"

The covid-19 disease caused millions of people in the world to face a food supply crisis. This research was planned and implemented to investigate the impact of the spread of this disease on the fisheries activities of Iran as one of the branches of food supply. The operation of collecting research data through (1) designing general and specific questionnaires, distributing them throughout the country and completing them by fisheries activists in the areas of shrimp farming, coldwater and warmwater, fishing communities, and seafood processing centers of different provinces, (2) gathering information, directives, and necessary data such as the production statistics of the Iranian Fisheries Organization, and (3) a review of the research and actions carried out in other countries. The average reliability of 1044 completed questionnaires was determined as 0.81 based on Cronbach's alpha. The results showed that during the outbreak of the disease, providing inputs and raw materials for growers and processing factories was more difficult (with an average of 65±3%) and more expensive (with an average of 56±5%). The domestic and international restrictions imposed during the quarantine period can be considered as one of the main factors for the difficulty in providing raw materials. In this context, 79% of these people believed that the transportation of raw materials was more difficult these days and affected the supply of the product. The decrease in demand and the increase in the cost of production increased the amount of storage of the manufactured product, which increased the risk and cost for the producers. 70% of the respondents have observed and announced the concern about disease transmission by fish and the decrease in demand among consumers. In the field of employment and economy, the increase in the cost price of the produced product was observed to a higher extent in aquaculture sectors and seafood processing factories. Instead, the fishing community reported the highest rate of job loss among the research target groups. 80% of the production sectors announced that their income decreased during the outbreak of the disease. Also, the results of this research showed the reduction of workers and employees of the production sectors in all groups during the outbreak of the disease. In general, about 78% of the audience announced that the fisheries activities of the country were affected by the negative effects of the coronavirus disease. According to these results and the short-term impact of this disease, among the strategies to deal with crises, the strategy of endurance for similar crises is proposed. To increase the resistance of the country's fisheries sectors in similar cases in the future, solutions and measurements have been proposed such as classifying fisheries activities as vulnerable businesses, developing assistance programs and emergency operational packages, implementing promotion and information measures, regional management in the provinces to meet the needs of the markets, extending, automatic renewal of farm exploitation licenses, the strengthening and development of cold storage plants and processing factories, the necessity of immediate support for local fishermen, and the expansion of online methods of selling aquatic products.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels two commercial prebiotic(Behdam) and probiotic(Moltibehsil) on the growth performance, biochemical parameters of body extract and resistance against the challenge tests of Ctenophryngodon idella for 45 days. This experiment conducted in a completely random design with seven treatments which contain triplicates. Three levels of probiotic and prebiotic (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg of ration) were added to the basic diet. At the end of the feeding trial, the results some growth performance indices(including: weight gain, specific growth rate, Thermal Growth Coefficient,  Velocity of growth body weight, daily growth coefficend and Survival rate) on the grass carps larve had significantly difference with control group (P<0.05). Subsequently, elevated Body extract biochemical (AST, ALT and Cortisol) analyses was observed in C. idella fed with probiotic and prebioticcompared to control group (P<0.05). Whiles There were no significant differences in amount of ALP, Glocose, total protein and lysozyme among experimental groups (P>0.05). Also, the addition of Behsam and Moltibehsil to the diet increased larval resistance against the challenge tests and Significant differences were observed in expermentral treatment compar with control group (P>0.05). This study highlighted that the different levels of Behsam and Moltibehsil in rearing of grass carp larvae had positive effects on growth performance and resistance to challenge tests, but had a different effect on body extract biochemical parameters in this fish.