جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Guilan province » در نشریات گروه « شیلات »

This study was conducted to evaluate the technical efficiency of Gilan seine fishing cooperatives. In this research, the data envelopment analysis method was used and the data of this research were collected by using a questionnaire from the cooperatives for the year 2017. The results showed that these cooperatives had about 93% technical efficiency on average. So, the cooperatives can have 7% more fishing without increasing their inputs. Also, about 46% of cooperatives are in a state of incremental returns to scale or scale economies and about 26% of cooperatives are in a state of decreasing returns to scale or scale diseconomies. In addition, this study identified the most important reference cooperatives as well as the possibility of reducing inputs for cooperatives that are not 100% efficient. In general, although the fishing cooperatives of Guilan province are in a favorable position in terms of technical efficiency, but, considering the amount of technical efficiency and returns to scale, it is better that the Fisheries Organization of Iran provide more support to cooperatives that are less efficient to become more efficient and reduce costs, and encourage more efficient and superior cooperatives.

Environmental hazards such as the destruction of habitats of endemic fish are one of the obvious challenges on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea. This research, which has been written by descriptive-analytical method and using the approach of interdisciplinary research, seeks to examine the strategies of the criminal justice system in this regard and in Guilan province. Degradation, illegal fishing and disruption of biodiversity are among the challenges facing fish habitats in Guilan province. Iran's criminal justice system needs appropriate responses to action (situational and social prevention) as well as responsiveness (increasing deterrence of punishments as well as compassionate institutions such as Take alternatives to imprisonment and social punishment). Victory in this way will lead to the empowerment of the sensitive Caspian ecosystem as well as the sustainable development of Guilan province. This study has found that the Iranian criminal justice system has clear capabilities for proper criminal management of the destruction of fish habitats in Guilan province and throughout Iran.

This survey was an applied and survey type that their data were collected through visits of farms and completion of the questionnaire of 58 selected farms of carp in Guilan province. In terms of building pond design, 39.7% of them had suitable walls, 56.9% had a suitable slope. Rivers (62.6%) and wells (25.86%) were the main sources of water supply to the ponds, and wastewater was discharged to rivers in most cases (62.1%). The physical filtration of the input water, water tank and sediment pond was available in 26.3%, 19.3% and 1.7% of the ponds, respectively. Principal preparation steps in most ponds were not fully implemented.In all the farms, fish were fed from the province and in 58.6% of the farms were co-isotherm before the introduction of fish to the pond was well respected. 53% of breeders made fish meals handmade. Cow and poultry fertilizers Urea and phosphate are the most widely used fertilizers in fields but the use of these fertilizers in most cases is non-compliant with Fisheries instructions were carried out. Non-target living factors were seen in most of farms and there was no serious program to control them. Health sampling was carried out only in 10.3% of the farms. Most farmers had no academic education, while a limited number of them had completed training courses. Only 10.3% of the farms benefited from the technical expert. A review of the questionnaires shows that there are many weaknesses against some of the valuable experiences of this industry's activists. The responsible organizations can play an important role in eliminating of many problems and increasing the production and income of the producers by taking advantage of experts’ opinions and providing essential and applied training.

Water pollution is a major global problem which requires continuous assessment and revision in water resources policy at all levels. Karganrood river is one of the most important river in Guilan province and on its way crossing agricultural areas in Talesh country and villages collect the pollutants. One of the main sources of rivers and lakes pollution is intering urban and industrial wastes into rivers that due to the entry of these materials, the structure of the rivers is transformed; because it is disrupting the natural flow of fish migration and so preventing the formation of floods and appropriate conditions for fish spawning. Study of microbial contamination was performed over a one year period and sampling was performed seasonally and once every season. The contamination rate was studied by counting total coliforms (MPN) method. The stations studied were selected from the upstream, middle and estuary regions and sampling was carried out from the surface and sediment of the river. Most of the total and fecal coliform contamination were related to bed and estuary regions which reducing water flow, passing through urban and agricultural centers and entering the centers' wastes into the river and settling in the river bed and estuary have led to increase the amount of contaminations. Totally, the contaminations average (surface and sediment) include: the highest amount of coliform contamination was 44.3 numbers in 100 cubic centimeters and the highest amount of fecal coliform contamination was 26.9 numbers in 100 cubic centimeters in summer season. It should be noted that, all the results of studied physical and chemical factors were in the standard range of discharge to the surface water and the bacterias' growth were increased due to increase of the weather temperature; so, decresing water volume in summer season causes increase of the bacterias percent in water

Technical management in agricultural productions is a key factor for increasing the yield and reducing the cost of production. For this purpose, the technical efficiency of warm water fish farms was assessed during growing season 2014. The required information was collected from 57 growers by using questionnaires. Data envelopment analysis and genetic algorithm were applied to analyze the information. The results of data envelopment analysis showed that the total energy consumption in optimum situation is 158515.5 MJ ha-1. The highest save of energy among inputs in optimum situation (without any output reduction) belongs to fish input (9.27%). Based on the genetic algorithm results in optimum situation the total energy need is 43766.51 MJ ha-1 (with 26% energy saving).

Southern shores of the Caspian Sea forms 990 kilometers range، the density and distribution of fishing activities along the coast، is formed due to the natural condition and the ability to catch in each area. The beaches from the last time were highly populated and because of the reserves and appropriate potentials in Caspian Sea، fishing and fishery In addition to agriculture sector from the distant past was one of the major activities in the coastal villages of the Caspian Sea. Already in coastal fishing of the Caspian Sea، there is a pattern of cooperative operation known as PAREH. The Guilan province with highest number of workers in coastal fishery and the lowest five-year average catch and having the most cooperatives under break-even point for economic، is the most challenging province in terms of PAREH cooperatives performance. In recent years، due to uncontrolled harvesting of Caspian Sea resources many fishing cooperatives have difficulties and working in this condition in terms of economic is unjustified. So changing the fisheries management approach in this sea is necessary. This paper attempts to introduce the best strategy for improvement of sustainable coastal fishery status in the Guilan province using AHP technique. In this paper، SWOT and TOWS methods were applied as a basis for the AHP technique. The results showed legal، technical and financial support for supporting cooperatives for multi-purpose utilization of the cooperatives area، on proliferation and breeding of fish and Tourism Development، aquaculture and fish culture in cage، was selected as the best strategy among the whole strategies for improvement of sustainable coastal fishery status in the Guilan province.

The aim of this study was to investigate on obtained caviar quantity status of sturgeon at fishing grounds of the southwestern Caspian Sea. Data of catches by means of fixed gill nets in sturgeon fish fishing grounds and beach seine were used during 5 years survey (2005-2009). A total of 1361 female sturgeon was caught including: 788 Acipenser persicus, 410 A. stellatus, 60 A. guldenstaedti, 70 A. nudiventris and 33 Huso huso. The total amount of obtained caviar declined from 1652 kg (in 2005) to 925.06 kg (in 2009) that this reduction was about 44%. Based on Pearson test, the relationship between caviar amount and time was linear and had negative and significant correlation (p= 0.015). Additionally, the trend of obtained caviar amount reduced highly in the west coasts of Guilan province (P= 0.016), but it was almost fixed in the east coasts of Guilan province (P= 0.514). Furthermore, the maximum and minimum of obtained caviar amount were 66.60% and 4.19% that belong to A. persicus and A. guldenstaedti, respectively. The maximum and minimum of relative frequency caviar (%) were 72.90 and 3.27 for high quality caviar and compressed caviar respectively that differed significantly (P

Molecular comparison of two parasites Lernaea cyprinacea and Lernaea ctenopharyngodoni was carried out using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) technique. A total of 43 Lernaea specimens belonging to the two species were collected from the Guilan and Khouzestan Provinces. DNA was extracted using the Phenol-chloroform method. The quality and quantity of DNA was assessed using 1% Agarose gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometer. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was conducted on the target DNA under specific conditions and PCR products were subjected to electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels (6%). Polyacrylamide gels were stained using silver nitrate and DNA bands were analyzed with BioCapt software. The genetic analysis was conducted using POP GEN 32 software.
Forty two primers, 10 nucleotides each were used for PCR reaction. Totally, 397 RAPD loci were counted on polyacrylamide gel where 349 identical loci were polymorphic of which some bands may be used as genetic markers for the identification of both Lernaea species. Data analysis on PCR products showed higher genetic variation (1.15%) of Lernaea ctenopharyngodoni in the Guilan Province as compared to that of the Khouzestan (0.0%).However, genetic variation (27.46%) of Lernaea cyprinacea in the Khouzestan province was 7.26 times higher than that of the Guilan province (3.78%). The two species showed a genetic differentiation of approximately 88%. Based on the observed molecular differences, we state that Lernaea ctenopharyngodoni is a genetically independent species from Lernaea cyprinacea.

We selected five sampling sites to identify Goby species in the southern Caspian Sea (Guilan province). Bottom trawling was used for the sampling from September 1999 to August 2000. Results showed that the Goby specimens in this area belong to the genus Neogobius and Benthophilus. Identification of the species was carried out by Dr. Coad of the Natural History Museum of Canada. Four species from the Neogobius were identified which were as follows: N. caspius, N.fluviatilis, N. melanostomus and N. kessleri. Two species from the genus Benthophilus were identified as B. stellatus and B. ctenolepidus., As for the biological characteristics of the N. caspius, we found that the average total length (TL) of N. caspius samples was 112.98±19.87mm and their average total weight (TW) was 16.39±6.21 grams. Age composition of the samples showed the fish were in age groups 1-3 years old with the two years old fish being dominant. Average absolute fecundity was 1031.91±598 eggs. Food items of the species based on the gut content were from Carididae, Mysidae, Cumacae, Hypaniula, Chironomidae, Nematoda, Abra, Gammaridae, Mytilaster, Bivalves and fish. Evidence of carnivore behavior was observed in some specimens. The most frequent food items were Cumacae, Abra, and Gammaridae respectively. The Cumacae was mostly observed in the gut of 1 and 2 years old specimens while Abra was observed mostly in the gut content of 3 years old specimens. Condition factor and feeding rate were highest in the 1 year old class. We found that with increase in fish age, these parameters declined. However, again at the age of 3, the parameters showed a slight increase. Relative gut length also increased from 0.97 in the age class 0+ to 1.38 in the age class 3+.

Coliform pollution brought about by the agricultural, industrial and urban sewage in the south Caspian Sea, GuilanProvince was studied. The study was carried out in coastal areas 0, 1, 2, 5 and 10 meters deep at eight stations using the routine method. The monthly sampling showed that the highest and lowest contamination levels were in the shallowest and the deepest sampled areas respectively. Also, the highest coliform count was seen during winter amounting to 11.40 coliforms in 100cm3 of sea water. We also observed the highest E. coli contamination equal to 4.87 in 100cm3 of sea water during summer period. We conclude that the present condition could be dangerous to the Caspian Sea environment and the people closely related to the sea.

Heavy metal tlocculation process was studied in the year 2002 in order to determine the interaction of water in Pirbazar River with Caspian Sea water. The effects of various salinity concentrations of Caspian Sea water were studied on determined heavy metals including Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd and Cr level of Pirbazar River using APHA method of extraction and measurement. The results illustrated that the level of heavy metal concentration in Pirbazar Riverwere above standard limits and the extent of flocculation depended on both the salinity level and the heavy metal itself. The maximum flocculation for Cd and Cr were recorded at 7.65 ppt, for Zn and Fe at 9.35ppt while for Pb and Cd were at 2.55ppt salinity. The order of tlocculation with respect to percentage of original concentrations was found to be Zn > Fe > Cr> Cu > Cd> Pb.

A Comprehensive hydrobiological and hydrological investigation was conducted on Hevigh River, west of GuilanProvince from 2001 to 2002. Totally, 4 Phyla of phytoplanktons including 21 genera were observed. The maximum phytoplankton density belonged to the Phylum Chrysophyta with genera, Nitzchia, Diatoma, Cocconeis, Navicula and Cymbella comprising 95.7% of the phytoplankton population throughout the year. Chlorophyta ranked second with genera Scenedesmus, Cruciginia and Ankistrodesmus, comprising 2.20% of the population during the year. Cyanophyta with Oscillatoria and Euglenophyta with Euglena consisted the remaining few percents of the phytoplankton population.
Zooplankton population in Hevigh River was found to be very poor, and mostly belonged to Protozoa and Rotatoria. However, 4 Phyla and 12 genera of zooplanktons were distinguished in the River the highest density of which belonged to Protozoa with genera Arcella, Difflugia, Cyphoderia and Euglypha, comprising 64% of the total population. Rotatoria with genera Keratella, Cephalodella, Lecane and Rotaria, consisted 14% of the zooplankton population during the year. Arthropoda, Nematoda, Tardigrada were very low in numbers.

Shafarud river is lied in south-west Caspian Sea and it is important for spawning of anadromous fishes, feeding and spawning of estuary fishes and special fish population. Studied fishes have been sampled in 7 stations from river mouth to upstream from Fall 2001 until summer 2002 and electroschoker, cast net and beach seine were used to catch them and main purposes of this study were: determining fish diversity, abundance and their spatial and temporal distribution and present role of the river in restocking migratory and estuary fish species. The study on 1912 specimens showed 21 species and subspecies fish belong to 8 families. Cyprinidae family with 10 species and abundance 62.87 % of total populations was dominant in all stations and seasons. Among the identified species, Neogobius kessleri, Capoeta capoeta gracilis, Albumoides bipunctatus and Barbus lacerta cyri that are native and river resident had the most dispersion and the fish with 25/58 , 20/61 , 19/87 and 8/37 percent of total sampeled fish, had respectively the most abundance in the river. There were 11 species of freshwater resident species, 6 species of marine or estuary fishes and 4 species of migratory or anadromous fishes in Shafarud River and in the river were identified 5 species of alein fishes, too. In general, the study showed the river have good potential in restocking of migratory fishes and its stuary is suitable for feed and growth of marine species fingerling.

We Collected 75 samples from fish meal factories in Guilan Province (codes: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7) based on two times per month during June to December 2001. Standard reference are used in bacterial and fungous identification. The isolated bacteria are E. coli Proteus spp., Citrobacter spp., Shigella spp., Enterobacter Aerogenes Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Hafina Alvei Yersinia Enterocolitica, Edwardsiella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Clostridium spp., Aeromonas Hydrophila Streptococcus spp. The highest and lowest bacterial contamination observed in E. coli and Hafina Alvei respectively. The most important isolated fungi were Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Yeasts Rhizopus spp. The maximum and minimum fungi decay in samples were Penicillium spp., and Rhizopus respectively. The most and the least microbial spoilage have been seen in factories 1 and 2 respectively.

The alien ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi which was transported from the Black Sea into the Caspian Sea by the end 1990s has since affected this new ecosystem. We studied the spatial and temporal distribution of the ctenophore from July 2001 to July 2002 in three transects located in Lisar, Bandar Anzali and Sefidroud, in Guilan province. Four stations were established in each transect at a 5, 10, 20 and 50 meter bottom depth contours. Maximum observed biomass of the organism was 221.3±91g/m2 in October 2001 and the minimum was 8.3±3.8g/m2 in December 2001. The highest biomass of the organism was detected in the upper 0-20m water layer in areas 50 meters deep achieving 145.36± 67.33g/m2. The lowest biomass was in the 20-50 layers in areas 50 meters deep amounting to 1.9±0.95g/m2. Small specimens less than 10 mm comprised about 97% of the sampled population and the maximum length measured at 51-55mm. The largest average biomass was 112.3±48g/m2 detected in Lisar and the smallest biomass in the range 67.17±46.8g/m2 was seen in Anzali region. It was concluded that temperature, depth, salinity and food availability affected the distribution of Mnemiopsis leidyi in the sampled areas. It is also expected that the high biomass of the organism detected in the region may have significant effects on pelagic ecosystems of the Caspian Sea.

We Collected 75 samples from fish meal factories in Guilan Province (codes: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7) based on two times per month during June to December 2001. Standard reference are used in bacterial and fungous identification. The isolated bacteria are E. coli Proteus spp., Citrobacter spp., Shigella spp., Enterobacter Aerogenes Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Hafina Alvei Yersinia Enterocolitica, Edwardsiella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Clostridium spp., Aeromonas Hydrophila Streptococcus spp. The highest and lowest bacterial contamination observed in E. coli and Hafina Alvei respectively. The most important isolated fungi were Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Yeasts Rhizopus spp. The maximum and minimum fungi decay in samples were Penicillium spp., and Rhizopus respectively. The most and the least microbial spoilage have been seen in factories 1 and 2 respectively.

We collected sturgeon specimens from seven fishing stations operating 30 to 35 Km away from each other in Guilan province over the years 1999- 2000. Trawl nets six meters long were drawn using motorboats at each station, repeated three times for each season. Among the studied premature sturgeons, 121 Acipenser persicus specimens with an average age of less than two years and a length of 10 to 49.9±0.77 cm showed full stomachs (57.17 % fullness). Among the mature specimens with an average age of 11 years and a length range of 90 to 194 cm, only three showed full stomachs (11.54 % fullness). The highest gut index in this study belonged to premature A. persicus.
A one-way analysis of variance showed no significant difference in condition factor and gastro-somatic index among the different length groups (P<0.05). We found that the food consumed by premature A. persicus was comprised of eight genera of benthic invertebrates Hypania sp., Hypaniola sp., Pterocuma sp., Stenocuma sp., Abra ovata, Paramysis sp., Gammarus sp. and Nereis sp. Adult sturgeons were found feeding mainly on fish species belonging to Gobidae, Atherinidae and Clupeidae families. The main preys of premature A. persicus were polychaet worms Hypania sp. and Hypaniola sp. belonging to the class Sedantaria. Crustaceans Stenocuma sp. and Pterocuma sp. of the class Cumacea were also seen in the diet of the premature sturgeons. The main preys of adult A. persicus were fishes belonging to the family Gobiidae and secondary prey were fishes of the family Atherinidae.

The most part of the fauna population in the Caspian Sea comprised invertebrates that is dominated by benthic organisms. Cumacea belongs to Arthropoda phylum, class of Crustacea and has an important role as food for sturgeon fishes in the Caspian Sea. This study was performed from autumn 1992 to summer 1993 in sixteen transects and each transect had four stations located at 10,20, 50 and 100 m depths.
The survey revealed that the maximum mean biomass of this family was observed at 10 m depth in transect 15 with 9.62 gim2 and the minimum was observed at 20 m depth in transect 1 with 0.07 g/m2. The greatest biomass of this family was observed in spring with average biomass of 6.48 g/m2 and the lowest biomass was observed in autumn-winter with average biomass ofl.47 g/m2. The maximum and minimum mean biomass was observed at 100 m and 10 m depths respectively. The average biomass of this benthos had significant differences in different depths and seasons (P<0.05).
The amount of T.O.M had high and considerable changes in different depths with a range of 3.55-10.37% for depths of 10 to 100m, respectively. Also the maximum percentage of sand in sediment was observed in 10m depth with value of 58.64% and minimum value was 34.73% in 100m depth. The mean biomass of this aquatic organism was 4.75 ± o.45 g/m2 in eastren area and 3.59±0.31 g/m2 in western area of this province. Nonparametric statitical analysis of Kruskal- Wallis showed significant diffrence between mean biomass in this two areas (P < 0.05).

Shamrood river is one of the important river located in the north of Iran. In order to identify the benthic invertebrates of the river, a series of sampling were carried out during one year. The samples were collected by surber sampler (40×40 cm).
In this study, the identified invertebrates were: Ephemeroptera 8 genus with the most biodiversity; Plecoptera 2 genus; Coleoptera 4 genus (larvae and pupa); Trichoptera 5 genus (larvae and pupa); Diptera 6 genus in forms of larvae and pupa with the most abundance; and also Hydracarina, Oligochaeta and Turbelaria. The frequency of different species of benthoses were the same in headwater stations and there were more genera diversity.
On the other hand, in downwater stations (with lower slope substrate), the ferquency of some families and genera such as Chironomidae and Hydropschae increased but the genera diversity decreased. Based on biological index of benthic invertebrates and mean annual ferquency (26.1); the total production potential and mean total biomass were estimated 348 kg/ha and 4.15 g/m2, respectively.