جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « biodiversity » در نشریات گروه « منابع طبیعی »

Biodiversity is the guarantee of the flexibility and adaptability of the forest ecosystem with the surrounding environment. By studying the biodiversity in different communities on the side of the roads, the conditions governing the forest ecosystem can be obtained indirectly. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of altitude on the diversity of vegetation in the forest roads of Nav Aslam, Guilan province. For this purpose, 240 sample pieces were taken in a regular-random manner with the linear transect method in two road age classes (less than 10 years and more than 10 years old of construction). The values of richness, uniformity, species diversity indices were calculated for each age class of the road. The results showed that the Shannon Wiener and Simpson diversity index value was higher for tree species and reproduction in roads with more than 10 years of construction at elevation less than 700 meters above sea level. Simpson uniformity indices were higher for tree species on old roads and for regeneration on newly constructed roads. Richness indices for species at low elevation and on old roads were higher than other elevations and newly constructed roads. The presence of dominant tree species in the region was more on newly constructed roads. The Simpson tree uniformity index value was not significant at different ages of the road with a probability of 0.05. Identification of suitable species and accurate knowledge of the age of road construction plays an important role in preserving plant communities. Examining the changes of species at different elevations along the roads of several years of construction will give us an insight into the impact of the road and can ultimately help in the optimal management of vegetation during the construction of new roads.

Forgotten foods are obligatory for today's well-being. Many of these foods like medicinal plants independently or in combination with a variety of foods are a family-run business with a shared passion to preserve heritage and promote sustainable living, and sometimes has been forgotten over time with the passing of elders. Medicinal plants are identified and used to improve the sensory properties of foods. A balanced diet consisting of a variety of foods is the key to good health and nutrition. There are many healthy foods that don't pay attention. Remembering forgotten foods reveals their importance for the development of fairer and more sustainable food systems. The significance of forgotten foods became more serious when the Global Declaration for Collective Action on it was launched and used as a valuable input for the UN Food Systems Summit in 2021 to highlight the importance of these products and the role of farmers in addressing them to be identified with the many crises that the world is facing. Forgotten foods are an untapped potential for sustainable food systems. Therefore, the present paper by citing examples of the status of medicinal-food plants as an important part of forgotten foods in Iran and other parts of the world addresses the information and results of collective actions regarding the promotion of awareness of the importance and value of different forgotten species and sustainable agricultural technologies, and the need to achieve research, innovation, education, sustainable production, processing, and consumption of forgotten foods throughout the value chain.

Due to effects on biological processes, deadwoods play an important role on sustainable forest management including biodiversity conservation, forest regeneration, increasing nutrition and nutrition cycle. The aim of this study was to evaluate deadwood effects on biodiversity in Makaroud forest management plan in Jisa and Shahrestan forests. Therefore, the species, diameter, decay degree and slop for each sample were recorded and 90 deadwoods were selected in 3 different heights above sea levels. Biodiversity was evaluated by using Simpson, Shannon Weiner indices as well as species richness index using Margalef, Menhinik indices and evenness ‎index by Hill index. Results showed that biodiversity indices in 150-300 m height above sea level were more than other heights. However, margalef index was lower in 1800 m height than 1000 m and 150-300 m height, and Hill evenness index was higher in 1800 m height than 1000 m and 150-300m. It can be concluded, the diversity index will be decreased, and evenness and richness indices will be increased by increasing height from sea level. There is significant correlation between diameter and height of deadwoods with plant species indices.

Today, one of the most important challenges facing human societies is global warming and reduces biodiversity. For the present study, Elevation profile Veisar forests west of Mazandaran were selected. To calculate the biomass of tree and vegetation diversity in the forest, in a profile height (700 to 1,500 meters above sea level) was 9 floors and on each floor of 8 plots with the exception of 1500 meters above sea level with 5 floors and a total of 69 plots of 400 square meters plots (20 × 20 m) were taken All the trees in each plot, diameter at breast height of 7/5 cm of coverage and type of species identified and measured. The measurement data herbaceous plant cover, a micro-plot of 100 square meters (10 × 10 m) in the center of the plot on foot and herbal species of plant cover percentage were measured according to Braun-Blanquet method. The value of carbon sequestration by combining the relationship between size, density dry and carbon coefficient was calculated. After determining the levels defined by common measurements to determine the relationship between indicators of biological diversity (richness, evenness, diversity) and Carbon Analysis of variance was used. The findings showed that between the amounts of biomass amount of carbon stored in trees with no significant relationship between diversity indices in elevation. These results suggest that proper management of forest biomass for appropriate monitoring research in the area of biodiversity indices cannot be used as a means.

This study was carried to examine the composition, characteristics and diversity in species Prangos uloptera DC site. In each control and homogenous area, homogenized units in 3 sites were selected for sampling. After observation of plant species in the area during the growth season, plant taxonomy was collected by conventional methods and various flora and other resources to identify families, genera and species of each were determined. Diversity, richness and evenness, dominance was determined in the habitat presence species and control by using plant diversity indices. Different indicators studied were tested by t-test using SPSS software. The results showed that the largest families in terms of number of species, the Lamiaceae with 14 species (19.18%) and Poaceae with 13 species (17.81%), the Fabaceae and Asteraceae each with 10 species (13.70%) and Apiaceae with 6 species (6.85%) have the highest species. The habitat presence species, 61 species belonged to the 15 families and 48 genera and the control sites, 50 species belonging to 34 genera and 13 families collected and identified. Life forms of plants include 26.32% hemi-cryptophyte, 13.82% therophyte, 4.61% chamephyte, 2.63% geophyte and 0.66% phanerophyte. From the view point of regional elements, plants of this region include 67.12% Irano-Touranian, 12.33% Irano-Touranian, Mediterranean and Euro-Siberian, 9.59% Irano-Touranian and Euro-Siberian, 5.48% Irano-Touranian and Mediterranean and 5.48% is related to other elements. The results showed that there was no significant difference between evenness index in the presence and absence of species -at the level of 95 percent. But there was significant difference in dominance and richness differences in the two regions’ comparison of the diversity index.

This research was conducted in the forest Golband Veysar in forestry projects. For this study3piece samples one hectare, square shape and with dimensions 100×100m was selected in areas development and characteristics of all forest trees that have a diameter greater than 7.5cm consisting type - species diameter at breast height was measured. To verify the vegetation sub-sample plots at In each sample five 2×2m sample plots were harvested at the center and four corners. The results showed the number trees in of the initial stages, optimal and Decay gradually decreased. Maximum number of trees in diameter classes, the initial stage and decay stage the floor and 10cm diameter and 15cm diameter class was the optimal stage. Most number of the Elevational classes at Stages initial and decay at 10m floor And In the optimal stage The floor was 15meters. Maximum volume per hectare was belonged to optimal stage. Most number and volume dead wood at initial stage Was observed. Result Indicators Biodiversity revealed that Highest species diversity indices Shannon – Weiner and Simpson At decay stage.

In this study, impacts of Alnus subcordata plantation on nutrient and plant diversity in site of Parrottia Carpinetum natural forest of kolloude region, Amol, Mazandaran were investigated. First, 6 releves 20 m × 20 m were selected in each stand. Nutrition, nutrient return and nutrient retranslocation properties followed by soil properties of each stand were studied. Then, impacts of stand parameters (diameter, height, litter thickness and crown cover percentage) together with soil properties on plant biodiversity were investigated. For purpose, leaf samples of green trees and fallen leaves have been collected inside wooden trap-based sampling to evaluate the nutrition, nutrient return and nutrient retranslocation in each stand. Soil samples were taken from 0-10 cm depth in each releves. So frequencies of herbaceous and woody plant were record. Results of nutrition, nutrient return, nutrient retranslocation and soil properties in the Alnus and natural stands showed that Alnus in consequence of higher N return, lower N retranslocation in fallen leaves of Alnus led to increase the soil N% and decrease the C/N ratio. Findings of impacts of stand parameters and soil properties on plant biodiversity showed in consequence of lower litter thickness, lower crown cover percentage and soil with higher N% and lower C/N ratio in Alnus in comparison with Natural forest led to increase in the richness of herbaceous plants. By attention to results of this study by Alnus subcordata plantation in degridated plain sites with poor drainage soil, can revive the soil N and Herbaceous richness in same sites.

According to the role of tourism on various biodiversity indices including diversity, richness and evenness and its impression on biomass and the abundance of creatures living in the area especially earthworm, we have decided to do the present survey considering this issue in chaldare natural forest park for this purpose we divided the area into 3 different zones: low-tourism pressure, mean tourism pressure, and high tourism pressure. After identifying the zones under study we started vegetative sampling. In each zone we chose 5 samples with an area of 100m2 with square shape in square (10×10m) which was randomly and systematically selected then the diversity of wood and seedling species was investigated. In four corners of each piece of land we chose some Micro-plots in 2×2m as big as 4m2 to study the biodiversity of each woody species. Moreover to measure the earthworm biomass in the center of each Macro- plots, a small plot in 0.5× 0.5 m for the earthworm biomass was prepared and the humus weight in the area unit was assigned through harvesting some soils from the surface area. Collection of soil Macro phones was done manually. Then to remove the humus layer we had to do it in some holes as big as 25×50×50cm and then we analyzed them in Lab. The results showed that high-tourism pressure has significant effect on decreasing plant species also making less diversity, increasing evenness and less richness in vegetarian coating, however it didn’t have any effects on trees and seedlings diversity. for sure the reasons would be their ages, high survival, roots perseverance and being less sensitive to tourism pressure in addition to destructive factors. Moreover, the high-tourism pressure could cause ecosystem destruction, soil squashing and density. It didn’t statistically show any significant difference and didn’t have an effect on earthworm biomass.

Iran has an important role in global biodiversity due to its ecological diversity. This variety creates natural attractions for tourism as an outstanding universal value. due to the effect of tourism on various biodiversity indices including diversity richness and evenness. To do this research in chaldare park tourism region the study area was divided into 3 zones including: low-tourism pressure and medium-tourism and high-tourism pressure. 5 Sample plots with an area of 100m2 with quadrate shape were selected with systematical random concentration of woody spaces. Some micro-plots with an area of 4m2 were selected per sample plots, furthermore; soil samples were collected per sample plots and were analyzed in lab. The results show that high-tourism pressure has significant effect on decreasing the number of plant species, plant richness and diversity and increasing soil density and evenness.

To investigate ecosystem variety and related physiographic factors (elevation, aspect and slope), 75 ha of Aghuzchal forest were studied. Vegetation data and information (trees, shrubs, and herbs) were collected from 40 sample plots through systematic random sampling method (20m×20m) which were then analyzed using TWINSPAN program. The data were classified into four ecological groups. The ecological groups consist of: first unit (Fagus orientalis L, and Epimedium pinnatum F.), second unit (Alnus subcordata L, Acer cappadocicum B. and Lamium albumL.), third unit (Acer cappadocicum B. and Tamus communis L.), and forth unit (Tilia begonifolia Stev. and Carex acuiformis L.). Using analysis of variance, statistical difference between diversity indices with respect to ecological groups was found. Results showed that the highest Simpson and Margalef are related to units B and C. The highest Camargo indices are related to units A and D.

Iran has desirable plant species variety due to it,s echological diversity ; so, has an important situation in global biodiversity. This variety has led to unique attractions for tourism as an outstanding universal values. In regard to the effect of tourism on conversions of ecosystem conditions, can effect on various biodiversity indices. As a result this study paid on this case in Namak Abroud frosted tourism region. For this aim the study area based on tourism abuses, divided into 2 zones including: Low-tourism pressure and High-Tourism pressure. In each zone ten sample plots with an area of 100m2 and two microplots and area of 4m2 had been selected systematical random for concentration of woody and vegetative species, and at the same time in every sample plot, also soil sample plots were collected. In order to compare and test the variety between two zones various biodiversity, reachness and evenness indices has been used and in order to compare the meaning ful average indices. T-test is used. The collected soil samples were analyzed in lab to examine the physical qualities. The results has shown the rate of variety indices in Low-tourism pressure zones is more than High – tourism pressure zones the soil humidity in Hightourism pressure zones was extremly influenced by tourism, and growth coudition was under its negative effect. Overall that High-tourism pressure has significant effect on decreasing little material, soil humidity, number of plants species, reachness, diversity, increasing soil density and evenness index.

The effect of conservation intensity on the plant species biodiversity in the protected area of Oshtrankooh in Lorestan in the Zakros mountain ranges was investigated. To this aim, the biodiversity indices between the core and peripheral zones were compared in this study. In order to study the plant biodiversity, 16 plots in an area of 20Í20m2 were selected in order to count the woody species, and 3 sample plots as the microplots in an area of 1Í2m2 and the sum of 48 microplots were randomly selected for studying the herbal species from each of the sample macroplots. The number and list of plant species in the macroplots and the number and list of herbal species in the microplots were recorded. The sample plots were collected from the altitudes betweem 1600- 1800 above the sea level and in the range slopes between 30 to 65 degrees in the spring of 1386 (2009). Due to the data normality, the non-paired t-test was used to compare the two zones. The data showed that the biodiversity indices, based on tree and plant species, are greater in the peripheral zone than in the core zone from the mean evenness indices, and based on the herbal species, the mean indices of the dominant species are greater in the core zone than in the peripheral zone, and the mean indices of diversity and the richness of the herbal species are greater in the peripheral zone than in the core zone. Based on the total species observed (tree, plant and herbal), the means of biodiversity, evenness and richness indices are greater in the peripheral zone than in the core zone.