جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "بیوچار" در نشریات گروه "آبخیزداری، بیابان، محیط زیست، مرتع"

The use of common chemical fertilizers such as phosphorous fertilizers improves agricultural production, at the same time, it leads to serious environmental problems and a considerable economic load. Recently, in addition to using biochar as a soil amendment, it has been used to produce biochar-based slow-release fertilizers. The current experiment was conducted to evaluate the behavior of phosphorus release from monopotassium phosphate fertilizers based on the biochars of walnut shell residues, grape pruning and wheat stubble in water and soil. For this purpose, a factorial experiment with a randomized complete design and three replications was performed. The experiment treatments included three types of biochar (residues of grape pruning, walnut shell and wheat stubble) at two pyrolysis temperatures of 350 and 650 degrees and Phosphorous fertilizer (10% and 20% by weight) from the source of monopotassium phosphate. The results showed that the effect of temperature and biochar type on density, apparent density, pH and EC of biochar-based fertilizer tablets was significant. Phosphorus of biochar-based nitrogenous fertilizers was gradually released in water during the experiment in all biochars, but its release rate was higher at the beginning of the experiment. The rate of Phosphorus release during the experiment in biochar-based fertilizer tablets of wheat stubble was lower compared to walnut shell and grape pruning biochars, so that at the end of the experiment, the percentage of Phosphorus release in wheat stubble biochar was 4.6 (1.6) and 8.54 (4.04) percent lower, respectively, compared to walnut shell biochar and grape pruning residues at 350 (or 650) pyrolysis temperature. Also, the lowest and highest percentage of Phosphorus release in soil was observed in wheat stubble biochar and grape pruning residues at both pyrolysis temperatures of 350 and 650 degrees, respectively. Also, the results showed that the effect of the type of biochar on the performance of the corn plant shoot (wet weight, dry weight and relative yield) was significant, and the highest performance was related to the use of Controlled-Release Phosphorus Fertilizers based on wheat stubble biochar. In general, it can be concluded that granulating chemical fertilizers with biochar can be a suitable method for preparing Slow-release fertilizers, which can partially overcome the environmental problems and the economic burden of using chemical fertilizers.

The use of biochar as a soil amendment is one of the new methods to improve soil properties and increase plant yield. In this study, in order to evaluate the effect of adding natural biochar on soil properties and yield of Pamirian winterfat (Eurotia ceratoides) plant, an experiment in a completely randomized design were performed with 11 treatments by different levels of biochar (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10% by weight) and three replications in greenhouse conditions. After the end of the growing season, some physical and chemical properties of the soil (pH, EC, organic matter (%), lime, bulk deisty, particle density, and porosity percentage), germination percentage, and yield of E. ceratoides were measured. In all the studied traits of the soil (except for the particle density), and the characteristics of the E. ceratoides plant, the statistical difference between the various levels of biochar was significant (a = 0.01). Adding different levels of biochar increased pH, ECy, soil porosity percentage, soil organic matter, whereas decrased bulk density, lime percentage, clay percentage, sand, and silt.

Biochar is a coal produced from plants biomass and agricultural waste in limited Oxygen condition. In the process of producing Biochar no Carbon Dioxide is released into atmosphere, so Biochar is fully carbonated. Many studies have been conducted on the ability of Biochar in improving soil condition and maintaining soil nutrients; however limited studies have been conducted on effect of Biochar on nitrate removal from drainage waters. In this paper, it has been assumed that because of high amount of Carbon in Biochar, using Biochar instead of raw Carbon materials in nitrate removal bioreactors can effectively eliminate the nitrate from subsoil drainage. In order to evaluate the effect of different mixtures of Biochar (0, 10, 15, 20and 30 percent) and effect of different inlet nitrate concentration (40, 160 mg/liter) on bioreactor performance regarding nitrate removal, bioreactors with 125cm poly-ethylene pipes were stimulated. The experiment was performed in factorial method in a random scheme with three repetitions. Results showed that nitrate removal is strongly affected by Biochar percentage used in them. The maximum nitrate removal was reported in pipes with 30% Biochar (96.4%) and the minimum was reported in replication pipes with no Biochar (80.7%). Also, nitrate removal is also affected by concentration of inlet nitrate solution. Nitrate removal percentage in C2 treatment (160 gr/liter) was lower than C1 treatment (40 mg/liter), the results were 89.9% and 91.4% respectively.

Human agricultural and industrial activities have led to the increasing production of wastes with adverse effects onthe environmentdue to their improper disposal. One solution to reduce pressure on the environment isto plan for appropriate uses of waste materials. Biochar is a carbonaceous material producedin a process called ‘Pyrolysis’ which involves incomplete combustion of biomass and wastes in mediawith no or limited supply of oxygen. Biocharenjoyslong-term persistence in soil and the process is mainly used for waste management, climate change mitigation, energy production, and soil amelioration. Theunique properties of biocharmake it especially useful for soil application as it contributes to soil amelioration. It is capable ofaffectingsuch soil physical properties as soil structure, bulk density, and hydraulic conductivity, or such soil chemical properties as pH, cation and anion exchange capacity, and organic content while it alsoimprovessuch soil biological properties as microbial population, activity, and diversity as well asenzyme activity,all of which ultimately lead toenhanced plant yield. Although most reports have focused on the useful effects of biocharon soil, some have also investigated its negative effects.

Biochar is a carbon-rich organic material that is produced from the pyrolysis of organic matter under low or no oxygen. The unique physical and chemical properties of biochar distinguish it from other soil organic matter. Addition of biochar to soil can improve not only its physical properties such as specific surface area, water holding capacity, aeration, and resistance to soil erosion but also its chemical properties such as cation exchange capacity, pH, organic carbon, nutrient availability, and reduced risk of soil contaminants. Moreover, it has such advantageous biological effects as increasing microorganism colonies and their protection against predators, raising soil fertility, enhancing crop yield and carbon sequestration, climate change mitigation, and biofuel production. However, due to its novelty, its positive and negative effects on the environment and interactions with various soil components are not clearly known. In addition, biochar properties may change over time and nothing is yet known about these changes and their long-term effects. Despite the universal attention shown to biochar for its expected beneficial effects on soil and carbon sequestration, few studies have as of yet been devoted to its production and application in Iran, which warrants studies to be conducted on biochar production and application to Iranian soils.