جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "حکمرانی آب" در نشریات گروه "آبخیزداری، بیابان، محیط زیست، مرتع"

Water governance is a controversial concept, and rather than being based on knowledge of the governance method, it is considered an ideal model with specific and predefined indicators. Meanwhile, governance will result in the sustainability of water resources when it is defined and regulated according to the conditions. Because governance regulates the way of managing resources, it can vary according to the dominant discourse of each era. For this purpose, the present research tried to achieve a historical understanding of water governance patterns in different periods after the Islamic Revolution of Iran by using the methodology of discourse analysis and examining its effect on water resources management.

The method used in this research was discourse analysis. Based on this, the present study, with a historical approach, tried to discover the dominant discourse in every era and its effect on the way of managing water resources. The target period was from the 1978 revolution to the end of the twelfth government. In order to discover the dominant discourse, the text of the President's speech, the description of the deliberations of the Islamic Council, the text of water laws and development plans, and the approvals of the Supreme Water Council were examined. Therefore, in the results obtained, five decades after the revolution, the water governance period was divided into five periods, and political documents and texts and the description of the deliberations of the Islamic Council were used to evaluate it.

The results of the evaluation showed that what has determined the governance of water in Iran was not the governance that is proportional to the country's hydrological power but rather the governance that emerged from the political and international discourse. As in the periods when the ruling discourse was based on justice and the support of the government in economic matters (more emphasis on left-wing policies), the facilitation of water resource extraction, especially underground water, has intensified. During the periods when the ruling discourse was based on structural adjustment and privatization policies (with more emphasis on the right-wing economic liberalization policies), the development of surface water resources was the dominant model of water governance. Also, in many cases, there has been alignment between the government and the parliament in setting policies and laws against the sustainability of water resources. In cases where inequality has been evident, the government has sought to protect water resources in contrast to patterns that facilitate the extraction of resources.

The study of the history of water governance in Iran showed that in the dominant discourses on water governance after the revolution, the approach of protecting water resources along with the approach of self-sufficiency and development, which is still prominent in policymaking despite the worsening of the crisis, has not been able to lead the way. As far as we can say, the water protection policy has remained only as a slogan in many programs. It is based on this that the issues in water resources management policy have become chronic and are always repeated. This situation implies that water governance in Iran was not based on proportional governance, and as a result, the main goal of protecting water resources should be abandoned, and the improvement of the governance structure in accordance with the capacity of each region should be considered.

Climatic characteristics such as dry and semi-arid climate, lack of rainfall, long periods of drought in the country, and lack of rains in the seasons when the agricultural sector needs water resources have caused the decrease of underground water resources every year more than the previous year. Even beyond that, it becomes a challenge for policymakers, decision-makers, operators, farmers, and industrial sector employers. The numerous types of research that have been conducted in the field of underground water resources in the Water Resources Research Quarterly between the years 2006 and 2022 show that the importance of this issue is not only in the discourse governing water policymakers but also among experts and academics. Therefore, the present research, based on a systematic review approach to the pathology of previous studies, deals with the subject of articles related to underground water resources in the Quarterly Journal of Water Resources Research and reveals the factors affecting it based on the accumulation of the mentioned research results. To fulfill this aim, several questions were asked: 1- What methods have been used in the studies related to underground water resources published in the Iranian Water Resources Research Quarterly? 2- To what extent have the methods of these articles been able to cover appropriate solutions to solve problems related to underground water resources?

The current study was conducted with a systematic review approach. First, in order to increase the accuracy of the research, a checklist of eligible articles was prepared during the years 2006-2022, which included components such as the research method, the number of authors, the year of conducting the research, and the tendency of the authors of the article.After reviewing the papers, 38 articles discussing underground water sources, both in the topic and in the content, were selected as a statistical sample. In this sense, almost all articles related to the topic of "groundwater resources" were reviewed.

The findings of the research showed that among the 38 papers in terms of the number of authors, the largest number of studies are related to the articles that had more than two authors (22 cases), followed by the ones with two authors (12 cases), and the articles that were done by one person allocated the lowest amount (4 cases). Regarding the disciplines of the authors of the articles, it should be said that most of the articles are by researchers in the fields of water resources engineering, water resources management, water and development, irrigation and drainage, and hydraulic structures (30 articles), researchers in the fields of mapping, rural development, water and development, and geography (4 articles), researchers in the fields of environment, watershed management (4 articles), and researchers in interdisciplinary fields such as archeology and sociology (2 articles) were ranked next in terms of the number of published articles. Regarding the years that have been published in the Quarterly Journal of Water Resources Research, it can be said that most of the studies were published in 2022 (8 articles), and the least number published in the field of groundwater resources is related to 2006, 2008, and 2015 (1 article). In terms of methodology, the largest number of articles is related to the articles that have investigated the state of water resources and aquifers with the method of scenario creation and future research (15 articles). This scenario development is either quantitative and numerical analysis or qualitative analysis and future research. The studies that have been done with numerical simulation, modelling, and factor modelling (11 articles) and analytical research (5 articles) have the largest number of articles after the studies related to scenario creation.

This research was carried out with the aim of methodological pathology of the articles related to the topic of underground water resources that were published in the Iranian Quarterly of Resources Research from 2006 to 2022 and was intended to answer these two questions: 1- What methods have been used in the studies related to underground water resources published in the Iranian Water Resources Research Quarterly? 2- To what extent have the methods of these articles been able to cover appropriate solutions to solve problems related to underground water resources? According to the findings, the authors suggested these ways: 1- Regulating the research in the field of underground water resources, 2- Allocating part of the articles to the discussion of methodology (even modelling and numerical articles), 3- Attempting to conduct studies in the field of social impact assessment (ETA) so that policymakers are aware of the consequences of the projects carried out, 4- Emphasizing innovation, using various qualitative methods (ethnographic and phenomenological methods), and paying more attention to the use of newer methods. 5- And most importantly, turning to sociological analyses related to underground water articles.

Any damage to watershed resources can have significant effects and consequences for stakeholders. In this regard; increasing pressure and tension on ecosystems and the crisis of water resources in the country is the result of laws, policies and lack of integrated management in watersheds rather than being caused by inhumane activities. In order to getting out from this bankruptcy, is necessary to correcting the thought of the former governance and the quality of governance health in the country watersheds. Therefore; in this research has been tried to investigate the unfavorable governance of water resources in the country, which has led to the destruction of capitals in the long term in a competition with short-term benefits; to change the views of officials, experts and stakeholders towards the proper watershed governance. The findings of the research indicate that this type of governance, unlike the current governance in the country, tries to improve the watershed's health by considering all the watershed's components and involving all the officials and stakeholders. In addition, under the pretext of providing and restoring a resource in the short term, it does not put other watershed resources under pressure and destruction in the long term. In this regard; is suggested to improve the watersheds health and getting out of the crises that have occurred in the watersheds; the governance of IWM should replace the unfavorable governance prevailing in the country.

Policymakers in the field of water resource management in the country have been seeking solutions for water issues through technical engineering, water transfer, damming, and constructional projects. However, the main problem of water resources in the country is the existence of bad and undesirable governance and the inefficient management system. Inappropriate institutional arrangements, fragmented management, lack of transparency, and lack of stakeholders’ involvement in management are among the characteristics of the current water resource governance system in the country. The purpose of the present study is to design of good governance on groundwater resources at the basin of Arzuiyeh Plain. To this purpose, using the analytical method of grounded theory, interviewing experts and pundits, and conducting relevant analyzes, the pattern of good governance of water resources was developed. The most important results and suggestions of this pattern include the development of appropriate institutional arrangements at the basin, integrated management at the macro level to basin level, transfer of management to the stakeholders at the basin, stakeholders’ participation in monitoring and implementation and reform of the rules and the legal system.

There is a multifaceted approach of water resource in a watershed, which is accompanied by complexity and issues such as the interaction of natural and human systems. Achieving the consistent governance of water resources is one of the most important management approaches in the water sector, which requires a coherent structure of knowledge transfer and information on the organizations stakeholders’ network associated with water resources. In this research has been studied in Taleghan watershed to measure cooperation relations (transfer of water resources management knowledge), between 28 organizational practitioners (Including development, protective, and mediation organizations). In this study data were collected based on the questionnaire analysis questionnaire. The results show that the knowledge structure of water resources management in Taleghan watershed is highly integrated among organizational stakeholders and the type of knowledge management is currently not based on negotiation. On this basis, it can be claimed that based on the bonding social capital index (relationships of each of the sub- groups) is modest and based on the E - I index, bridging relations (relations between different subgroups) have a weak rate. it can be concluded that the relationship between water resource management and water resources management in Taleghan district level is an essential step to establish a cooperative governance of water resources.

The lack of a comprehensive system for identifying the role and understanding of the structural relationships of local water users in the local stakeholder’s network is one of the most important challenges for the integrated management of water resources and the governance perspective. Thus, identifying and analyzing canyons, as the most important element of planning and implementing activities related to water resources management, is one of the requirements for integrated management and the establishment of optimal water resources management. In this research, in order to understand this complexity in the field of water management, social network analysis method was used to measure the cooperation relation of local users as the executive arm of the water resources management plans in the top of Taleghan watershed. Based on the analysis of the micro indicators of the network, local leaders have been identified in water resources management and the modularity in the macro level of the network has been considered as an effective size in increasing social capital and in line with the success of participatory management plane. The results indicate a moderate separation of the local stakeholder’s network, which indicates a moderate fragility in the relationship of cooperation among the local stakeholders. So that the most internal ties of stakeholders is the Gatedeh Village with about 380 transplants and the lowest with 283 transplants in the village of Mehran. Also, according to the results of the analysis of the middle and middle level index of some water resource users, they have been placed in a key position. These are known local leaders who, based on their authority and social influence, can play a significant role in establishing water governance and establishing links with other operators at the local level, above all other actors based on cooperation ties.