جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « شوری » در نشریات گروه « آبخیزداری، بیابان، محیط زیست، مرتع »

The vast country of Iran, due to its location in the arid region of the earth and the lack of rainfall, has suffered from drought and groundwater depletion. The reduction of precipitation and soil moisture has a great effect on soil vegetation. The use of various types of moisture absorbent materials that reduce water consumption and increase the time of plant access to water in the soil plays a big role in water conservation. Plantbac panels are made from cellulose waste and can be used to increase the water retention capacity of the soil in dry areas, especially in desert areas.

In order to investigate the effect of Plantbac panels on the amount of water consumption and growth of Atriplex plant, the research was carried out in the area of Hesarsokh located ten kilometers north-east of Qom city for three years (2019-2021). The experiment was carried out as split plots in the form of randomized complete blocks including 12 plots in three replications. The main plot included irrigation treatments at intervals of 10 days (control) and 20 days, and the sub-plot included two treatments of using and not using Plantbac panels (control). To investigate the effect of Plantbac panels on seedling growth at the end of each growing season in each year, traits including: survival, height and crown diameter of the seedling were measured and compared with the control of the same treatment. Statistical analyzes including minimum and maximum traits, standard deviation, simple variance analysis of variables, compound analysis, comparison of averages with least significant difference (LSD) method for seedling height growth and crown diameter growth traits were performed.

There was no difference in seedling survival in the treatments of using Plantbac and control in irrigation with a 10 days interval. While in the treatment of Plantbac panels and the control, 5% of the seedlings were dried, and in the treatment of using the Plantbac panels, 21% and 40% of the seedlings were seen in the control. Combined variance analysis showed that the simple effects of using Plantbac panels, year and the interaction effect of irrigation in the year on the height growth of Atriplex were significant (P≤0.01). Also, the effect of irrigation treatments, the use of Plantbac panels, the mutual effect of irrigation in the year and the effect of the year had a significant difference in the diameter growth trait of the crown of Atriplex seedlings (P≤0.05). The comparison of the average traits showed that the Atriplex seedlings in the "3rd year × 20 days irrigation interval" had the highest height 6.32 cm, and in the "1st year × 20 days irrigation interval" with 9.75 cm, had the lowest height growth. Also, Atriplex seedlings had the highest crown diameter growth in the "3rd year × irrigation interval 10 days " with 22.11 cm growth, and the lowest crown diameter growth had in the "2nd year × 20 day interval irrigation" with 17.33 cm.

The results of the research showed that the effect of Plantbac panels on the traits indicating the growth of Atriplex is effective. The use Plantbac panels reduces losses in the survival of Atriplex seedlings. In other words, the use of Plantbac panels can have an effect in reducing the losses of Atriplex seedlings in saline lands. Also, the height growth of Atriplex in the treatment of using Plantbac panels was higher than the control. The general results of the research showed that the use of Plantbac panels can have an effect in reducing the losses of Atriplex in saline lands. Also, the diameter and height growth of Atriplex in the following years of planting was higher than the first year, which can be due to the possibility of establishing and improving the soil conditions for plant growth in the following years after planting as a result of using Plantbac panels.

The growth of plants is affected by environmental stresses, particularly drought and salinity, which are the main problems of arid and semi-arid lands. Germination is a crucial stage in the life of most plants. Plant establishment in arid and semi-arid regions requires special tolerance to stresses like salinity and drought during the germination stage. In most plants, increasing salinity and drought stress during the germination stage prevents the plant from germinate. Therefore, knowing the resistance to salinity and drought in different plants can be used in the management of natural environments. Considering the increase in global temperature and the decrease in rainfall in Iran, as well as the soil salinization, it is very important to choose plants with high tolerance to salinity and drought in rangeland. In the southern rangeland of Kohgiluyeh Va Boyer Ahmad province, which are located in arid and semi-arid climates, non-native species such as Atriplex spp. and Prosopis spp. have been used for improvement and restoration in the past decades. The soil and native vegetation of the region are negatively impacted by non-native plants, which have problems like lack of natural regeneration. Identifying suitable native plants that can grow in specific ecological conditions of arid and semi-arid areas, such as drought and salinity, is necessary. The current research aims to identify native resistant species to the mentioned stresses for vegetation restoration in biological and bio-mechanical projects.

In order to identify the species tolerant to environmental stress in the rangeland of Kohgiluyeh Va Boyer Ahmad province, three native species including Zygophyllum eurypterum Boiss. & Buhse, Sanguisorba minor L. and Salsola orientalis S. G. Gmelin (Salsola rigida) were selected. The habitats of the species were identified through field surveys and the cooperation of experts from the General Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of Kohgiluyeh Va Boyer Ahmad province. Sampling of plant seeds for experiments was done in range habitats. Seed germination reaction of three species Z. eurypterum, S. minor. and S. orientalis were studied in the laboratory with respect to different levels of salinity and drought stress. The drought stress test included six levels (0, -0.3, -0.6, -0.9, -1.2, and -1.5 MP) which were prepared using polyethylene glycol 6000. The second experiment included 6 salinity levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 mM). Sodium chloride was used to create salinity stress. Before conducting the salinity and drought tests, treatments were applied to break the seed dormancy of different species, and after identifying the best treatment for each species, dormancy tests were performed. Germination was done as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with 4 replications (20 seeds per replication) in a germinator at a temperature of 25°C. During a period of 20 days, every day the germinated seeds whose root length was more than 2 mm were counted and their germination percentage, germination rate, length of root, stem and seedling and their seed germination index were measured. Using SPSSVer.23 software, analysis of variance and comparison of average data was done.

Variance analysis shows that there is a significant difference between drought and salinity levels in the traits measured in plants (p<0.01). There is a significant difference between plant species and drought-salinity interaction and species(p<0.01). With the increase of dryness, a significant difference was observed in terms of germination percentage in all three species. In this condition, the highest amount of measured traits including, germination percentage and seed germination index was observed in Z. eurypterum. with increasing salinity, the germination rate of all three species decreases significantly. In the condition without salt stress (control treatment), the highest percentage of germination (77%) was obtained in S. minor. But with increasing salinity levels, the highest germination percentage is observed in S. orientalis, and also with increasing salinity levels, the lowest germination percentage is related to S. minor species. Plants responded differently to environmental stresses, as shown by the results in general. The restoration and improvement of rangelands requires knowledge of plants that are resistant to existing stresses in order to manage natural areas. According to the current research, the rate of germination and growth of seedlings decreases as salinity and drought levels increase. Among the studied species, Z. eurypterum is the most resistant to drought and S. minor is the most sensitive. It can be concluded that the highest germination is observed in S. orientalis, when salinity levels increase, and the lowest germination is observed in S. minor species. Therefore, S. orientalis can be considered as a salt resistant. As the species studied are indigenous and native in the south of Kohgiluyeh Va Boyer Ahmad provinces, the results of this research are suggested for use in biological projects.

Soil salinity is a major cause of desertification. It can be caused by several factors including and not limited to improper irrigation, low irrigation water quality, saline groundwaters, saline geological formations, and improper land management. Since direct measurement of soil salinity is costly and time-intensive, the main purpose of this research is verifying whether satellite remote sensing data can be used as a proxy to estimate soil salinity.

In the present study, soil salinity changes in Torbat Heydariyeh city of Khorasan Razavi province were investigated using MODIS satellite data in the period of 2005, 2010, 2015 and 2020. We used a combination of MODIS visual images band 4 and 6 to produce the salinity index. In order to evaluate the alternative indices and the effect of salinity on other environmental variables, the correlation between salinity, altitude, slope and EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index) was also examined. To prepare the ground truth map in 2020, a field sampling was conducted in late June of 2020 from the top 0-5 cm of soil surface in a random sampling design from 80 points. Soil salinity was determined in saturated extract. The obtained salinity values were compared with the equivalent values in the 2020 salinity map based on the kappa index to determine the accuracy of the calculations.

Although the salinity level in the region is not very high, but the trend of change indicates an increase in salinity in the region, mainly in the southern and central parts and parts of the north of the region. In terms of topography, most of the area is flat with minor elevations in the middle and northern section. Soil salinity is believed to be correlated with the topography of a region. Salts tend to accumulate more in the lowlands and highlands become saline only if their parent formation is saline. To investigate the effect of this factor on soil salinity distribution in Torbat-e Heydarieh, an accurate digital altitude map of 12.5 meters resolution from the ALOS satellite was used. The correlation between salinity, altitude and slope was evaluated at different times. However, this relationship was not significant in any of the studied periods. But the interesting point was the higher correlation between salinity and altitude, which seems reasonable considering the distribution of evaporitic and Marine formations in the plain areas. We did not obtain significant changes in vegetation in the region between 2005 and 2020. If one would divide the EVI index results into three cover classes, 60% of the area would be classified as without coverage or with very poor cover (2235 square kilometers), 20% as medium (745 square kilometers) and high (745 square kilometers), respectively. Most of the vegetation of the region is scattered in the northern plains on the alluvial sediments. Accordingly, ​​approximately 60% (2235 square kilometers) of the total areas fell in the class of no salinity (0-0.17), 35% (1304 square kilometers) in light salinity (0.17-1.2) and only 5% of the area (186 square kilometers) in the extreme class (more than 0.2). To confirm the validity of the salinity index, the salinity measured in the field was compared with the corresponding values ​​from the produced map and the kappa coefficient was equal to 0.65%, indicating the validity of the measurements performed. However, the correlation between different parameters and salinity showed no correlation with slope, altitude and EVI, which is conceivable due to the scattered vegetation of the area. Interestingly, the values ​​of height and slope correlations were higher than vegetation. It seems that the severe lack of vegetation and the accumulation of evaporative formations in a few spots have led to a lack of correlation between these factors.

The results of soil salinity estimation in Torbat Heydarieh showed that remote sensing data is a viable alternative to direct soil salinity measurements. However, soil salinity did not correlate with other environmental factors including vegetation cover, altitude and slope gradient. Therefore, these factors cannot help us as proxies of soil salinity in these arid areas. According to the accuracy of the salinity index, it can be used to monitor salinity in the region. These results can help land managers to deal with salinity and ultimately desertification.

Issues related to implanting national policies for reducing natural hazards in developing countries are seen as an important and worrying challenge. In this research, the factors affecting the vulnerability, hazard, and risk of groundwater salinity in the southern plains of the Bakhtegan watershed with an area of 6137 km2 were assessed using statistical index models, Classification and Regression Tree (CART), and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP). At first, by assessing the data of groundwater quality from 124 wells in the watershed, the points of groundwater salinity occurrence (based on the electrical conductivity parameter) were recognized. After calculating and preparing basic maps related to each of the indicators, we looked for a way for selecting indicators to identify key indicators. To this end, the recursive feature removal (FRE) method was utilized for finding and selecting the main combination of indicators to prepare a map of groundwater salinity hazards. Accordingly, after determining the significance of each indicator by calculating the jackknife test, the salinity hazard map of groundwater was predicted using two models (SI) and (CART). Also, the degree of vulnerability of the region to the salinity of the groundwater was determined using the (FAHP) process. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and kappa coefficient statistics were used to evaluate the performance of two-variable models. Also, in order to evaluate the performance of multivariate models, fore criteria of coefficient of determination (R2), conformity coefficient (CC), Kling-Gupta efficiency (KGE), and correlation coefficient (COR) were used. The results of groundwater salinity class risk study showed that 4.13 square kilometers of irrigated areas are in a very high-risk class, which among the various land uses with the highest vulnerability is related to this type of land use. Based on the results of this study, it can be stated that the development of comprehensive management plans, monitoring of executive activities, including change of uses, or taking into account the prevailing conditions in the implementation of rehabilitation operations can help control and manage risk in these areas.

During the past years, under the influence of various factors, the surrounding area of Urmia Lake has been subjected to significant changes followed by emerging saline cores leading to some damaging consequences making this study of importance. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the dryness scale resulting in the high levels of saltiness in Urmia Lake. To this purpose, Landsat satellite images were used during different periods of time, 1998 to 2019. The object-oriented approach has been used to process and identify the amount of wet salt mixed with soil and the degree of water receding. Accordingly, the segmentation was accomplished based on scale 15 for Landsat 5/7 images and Scale 150 for Landsat 8 images, having also different types of indices (salinity, brightness, and vegetation) applied to all the images.The results showed that annual changes in the water level of the Lake and wet salt mixed with soil have been considerable. During the years 1998 to 2015, the water bodies' coverage fell up to 32.74 percent shrinking from 5722.83 to 687.718 square kilometers while the wet salt mixed with soil has increased by 30.38 percent. From 2015 onward, due to increased rainfall and preventive measures set to revive the lake, this trend has been reversed resulting in water bodies' coverage increasing by 3502.267 square kilometers and salinity has simultaneously gone at 20.198 percent. The overall accuracy of 0.94 and kappa coefficient of 0.92 were obtained for classification results implying the capability of object-oriented processing in the classification of the surface features using the Landsat imagery.

Salinity is a basic non-living environmental factor that reduces the yield worldwide. In arid and semi-arid regions, the salinity of water and soil limits crop production. Therefore, it is crucially important to assess the salinity tolerance of medicinal herbs if they are to be cultivated in saline areas.

To investigate the effect of water salinity and some saline organic fertilizers on the lemongrass' (Cymbopogon citratus) physiological features and growth, a greenhouse experiment was carried out in the research greenhouse of Hormozgan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center through a completely randomized design with four replications at seven salinity levels including non-saline water as a controlling factor, saline water at 4, 10, and 15 ds/m levels, and saline organic fertilizers at three levels including fish meal fertilizer with salinity rate of 5/2, liquid fish manure with salinity rate of 4/9, and poultry slaughterhouse fertilizer with salinity rate of 4/6 ds /m. Moreover, the physiological growth features, including the leaf area, the leaf's fresh and dry weight, the root's fresh and dry weight, the plant's height, the number of tillers, and total chlorophyll were investigated.

The study's results indicated that water salinity and organic fertilizers had a significant effect on all studied features. It was also found that treating Irrigation water with a salinity of 15 ds /m had the most negative effect on all studied features, with the root's dry weight affected the most. On the other hand, treating poultry slaughterhouse fertilizer with a salinity of 4/6 ds/m improved all physiological growth features compared to the control factor except the number of tillers per plant. The results also showed that lemongrass was sensitive to over 5 ds/m salinity but tolerated less than 5 ds/m salinity and that it was possible to use the relatively saline organic fertilizers studied as a food source in cultivating this plant.

The establishment of vegetation is the best way to manage degraded and at risk of degradation lands. Considering that the planting in arid lands is very costly because of ecological restrictions, so experts are looking for methods that increase the percentage of the seedlings establishment and reduce the cost of planting, in this regard the correct use of amendments is very important. The study area is located in Nazarabad City in southwest of Alborz province. In this study, the amendments including mineral biochar, arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi and acrylic resin polymer each in four levels were used at the base of Nitraria schoberi seedlings. The soil characteristics of the area was determined at the start of planting. After one year with counting the number of live seedlings, the percentage of establishment for each treatment was calculated. Economical estimates were calculated based on cost-benefit and calculated separately for each treatment. The results showed that there was a significant difference at the 5% level between the amendments and the control. Mycorrhizae had the highest (70%) and the control and biochar 4 treatments had the least (40%) percent of establishment. Economically, mycorrhizal 2, polymer 2 and biochar 1 treatments were the most optimal treatments for each amendment, respectively. The used amendments had different effects on the establishment of seedlings, so that the percentage of establishment increased with increasing level of mycorrhiza use, but with increasing level of polymer and biochar use, negative effects were observed and the percentage of seedling establishment decreased.

Plant growth and yield in the environment is affected by numerous biotic and abiotic environmental stresses as well as seed dormancy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of seed washing treatments with sulfuric acid and irrigation of seeds with saline water on seed germination of Zygophyllum fabago. According to previous relevant researches, for this purpose, three concentrations of 0, 10 and 20% were prepared for acid washing treatment. For salinity treatment, four levels were considered: 0, 60, 90 and 120 mmol / l. Irrigation with spray water was applied evenly on all pteridia when necessary. Germinated seeds were counted daily and continued until no increase in the number of germinated seeds was observed .Comparison of the mean of the main effect of different levels of acid treatment on the germination percentage of Z. fabago showed that zero and ten percent acid concentration treatments with 59 and 60 percent have a higher value. Regarding the comparison of the mean of the interaction effects of acid and salinity, the results showed that the best treatment combination is zero percent acid and zero salinity of ten and ten millimoles per liter. Therefore, Z. fabago species needs low concentrations of salinity and sulfuric acid for optimal growth. Therefore, it can be used to improve and rehabilitate rangeland ecosystems according to the salinity of the area.

An experiment was performed aimed to investigate the effects of priming and salinity on germination and seedling growth of Stipagrostis plumose in factorial test and completely randomized design with four replications in laboratory condition. The first factor was priming consist of salicylic acid with three levels (100, 200 and 300 mg/l), gibberellic acid with three levels (125, 250 and 500 ppm), ascorbic acid with three levels (100, 200 and 300 mg/l), and water as control, and the second factor was salinity treatment in six levels (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 m/l). The measurement characteristics were speed of germination, percent of germination, root length, shoot length, seedling length and seed vigor. Results indicated that salt stress had inhibitive effect on germination and early seedling growth of S. plumosa. All chemical stimulators increased the germination characteristics of this plant. Also, the interaction of the tested treatments showed that gibberellic acid 250 ppm has the highest effect on improvement of germination characteristics under all levels of salinity stress. We conclude that priming seeds by gibberllic acid can increase resistance the germination of S. plumosa in areas prone to salinity.

Effect of Salicylic acid as a pre-treatment, on germination indices of Foeniculum vulgare Mill, Cynara scolymus L. and Nigella sativa under salinity stress was evaluated by a factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with four replications. Salicylic acid and salinity were considered in 4 levels (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mM) and (0, 50, 100 and 200 mM) respectively. The results showed that salinity and pre-treatment of salicylic acid significantly affect all indices of germination of three species. Results showed increasing salinity led to decreasing the most measured germination traits. Pre-treatment with salicylic acid improved all germination indices under salinity stress conditions compared to control seeds for all three species and resistant to salinity is decreased in Cynara scolymus L. Foeniculum vulgare Mill, and Nigella sativa respectively. The highest percentage ( more than 96%) and rate of germination in Cynara scolymus was observed at levels of 0.5 and 1 mM salicylic acid ( more than 3.4 n/day). The most improvement of germination traits in Cynara scolymus L., and Nigella sativa was observed at pretreatment 0.5 and 1 mM and for Foeniculum vulgare at 1 mM. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of salicylic acid as a pre-treatment improves the germination traits of Artichoke, Corn cockle and Fennel under salinity stress at different concentrations.

Investigation of desertification trend needs an understanding of phenomena creating changes alone or action and reaction together in the manner that these changes end up in land degradation and desertification. In investigating pedological criterion affecting on land degradation in alluvial fans, first, maps of slope classes, land use and geology were created, then a map of units was founded by overlaying and crossing these maps and grid layer created by extension of ET GeoWizards in ArcGIS 10.3 software. In this research, three indices of erodibility, salinity and permeability of soil were considered, finally each was shown in the shape of classified map. Then, weights of criteria and consistency ratio were calculated by AHP method. In this research, VIKOR method was used to prioritize the options. Results showed that the VIKOR index obtained from AHP-VIKOR technique alters from 0.002 to 1.000. Units of V1 and V10 with VIKOR indices of 1.000 and 0.002 have a maximum and minimum of desertification potential, respectively. The alluvial fans in research area were classified in two classes of I and IV from the view point of pedological criterion affecting on desertification using AHP-VIKOR technique, in the manner that 74.18 % of the area is in the low desertification potential, and 25.82 % is in the very high desertification potential, respectively.

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS, mg/L) indicates the amount of soluble salts in water or in a solution, and usually calculates by measuring the electrical conductivity (ECdw, μS/cm) and then multiplied by 0.64. This is a general conversion factor (CF) and its amount varies depending on the water-soluble components. In fact, TDS meters determine TDSvalueby measuring of the EC solution and default or user-selected CF. Hence, the precise method is to calculate this coefficient according to the solute type. In this research, to determine precisely the amount of soluble solids along with suspended dust in MDCO sediments traps installed in the northof the Yazd-Ardakan plain. To obtain the TDS calculation coefficient from ECdw resulting from leaching of small amounts of dust, three methods including of an experimental coefficient of 0.64, physical vapor deposition weighing and measuring the concentration of ions affecting chemical salinity were compared. Comparison of mean of the CFs obtained from the three methods showed that the TDS valueof the method of coefficient of 0.64 for determination of TDS from ECdw, was significantly lower than the other two methods. Hence, applying of this method, leads to a low level of solute content with dust in the study area. The average of the TDS conversion factor obtained by the physical and chemical methods without significant differences were 1.03 and 0.90 respectively, compared to 0.64 in the experimental method, that makes it possible to calculate more precisely the TDS from the measured ECdw data that derived from leached dust, and it can be used to adjust the TDS conversion factor in EC and TDS simultaneous measurement devices.

Due to groundwater overextraction, during the recent years, Malekan plain aquifer has been faced to a risk of increasing salination. The groundwater flow model of the plain was designed, invesitagion of groundwater flow regime and precise hydraulic parameters estimation, utilizing the various method such as  geological surveys, tomography methods, hydrochemical analysis and simulation of aquifer conceptual model in the GMS interface software package (GMS 10.1.4). The mass transport model was designed, then, to simulate the passways of salinity and dissolved solid concentration (Cl-) in the aquifer, using MT3DMS numerical code. The results show that the flow and transport model has explained the real behavior of the system with a good approximation and there is a good adaptation between the observed and simulated data. The over exploration of groundwater resources, which caused the water table decreasing,also resulted the extending of the saltwater intrusion in the northwestern part of  the plain and thereby the deteriorating of groundwater quality and quantity in northwestern part.

A lot of part of Iran is covered by dry and semi-arid climate. In these regions, due to the lack of rainfall, agriculture is heavily dependent on groundwater resources. The continuing drought in recent decades and the excessive withdrawal of groundwater aquifers for agricultural development, has led to more land degradation and desertification. Understanding the quality and quantity of groundwater as one of the most important and most vulnerable sources of water supply in recent decades which is so necessary. For optimal groundwater management, it is necessary to collect sufficient information from a set of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of aquifers in different regions and to be evaluated in appropriate ways. Therefore, due to the importance of this issue (non-systematic use of water resources for agricultural activities), the present study aims to assess the process of ground water changes due to the agricultural activities in Dargaz county of Khorasan Razavi province along with the presentation and proposal of management plans for risk reduction Desertification was carried out. Demir et al. (2009) investigated the spatial variation of depth and salinity of groundwater in agricultural areas in northern Turkey using the statistical method of the earthquake. The results of their research showed that the eastern part of agricultural lands in the middle parts of the Black Sea, which has poor drainage, has the highest salinity risk. Akbari et al. (2009), using the Geographic Information System, studied the groundwater level in Mashhad Plain during the twenty years and estimated the average annual loss of 60 centimeters. Their results indicated that the increase in the number of wells in the area and drought, were the main causes of groundwater subsidence decline. The study area is located in northeastern part of Iran and in the north of Khorasan Razavi province. Dargaz County has an area of about 376459 ha. Dargaz Plain is considered as one of the agricultural poles in Khorasan Razavi province. In order to study the process of water change, two sub-criteria of groundwater quantity such as the groundwater table index, and quality indices were used such as water conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio, and chlorine index. For evaluation and zonation of quantitative indices of groundwater level, 124 wells and 111 aqueducts were used and the analyzed using geo-statistical interpolation such as Kriging method in GIS software environment. In addition, groundwater quality criteria has evaluated during the 20 years period of 1996-2016 and in the 5 years’ time period.

 The non-parametric Mann-Whitney Test (Mann and Whitney, 1947) in the Minitab environment was employed to test the model validity. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney test is used to compare two independent categorical groups. The Mann-Whitney test relies on these null and alternative hypotheses: H0: There is no difference between the two groups, H1: There is a difference between the two groups. In the Mann-Whitney test, N is the number of samples randomly selected from the map and sampled in the field. The Mann-Whitney value is compared with the value identified by consulting the significance table The results showed that the highest rate of groundwater was in the northwestern part of this region. The research area was not badly affected by changes in chlorine concentration and sodium absorption ratio in groundwater, and classified into very low and low. Finally, two quantitative and qualitative indicators of groundwater in the severity of the risk of desertification, the region is located in three low, moderate and severe risk classes, respectively. At present, uncontrolled management of underground water utilization, the development of agricultural land in the traditional way, and the release of lands, have made these areas one of the centers of the erosion crisis. The amounts of changes in the electrical conductivity index in the eastern parts of this region fluctuated from extreme to very intense. It has risen from 14 percent in 1996 to 32 percent in 2011 and finally reaches 23 percent at the end of the year (2016). This condition indicates an early warning stage for the salinity of irrigation water in this area. The results indicate that the rate of groundwater loss in the western and northwest parts of the study region is the highest, mostly, due to the deep and unannounced drilling of wells and the excessive removal of groundwater. Given the current situation and recent droughts, Dargaz Plain Underground Water Management should be considered as a priority for crisis management by officials and experts in executive agencies.