جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « توسعه ی پایدار » در نشریات گروه « آبخیزداری، بیابان، محیط زیست، مرتع »

Introduction and Goal:

Due to the current droughts and the sharp drop in ground water reserves in most of the country's plains, aquifer projects have received more and more attention as a suitable solution. The issue of assessing the sustainability of water catchment projects in various environmental, economic, social and particularly institutional dimensions is crucial. In this research, the evaluation of the sustainability of the institutional dimension in the south of Fars province (Iran) has been investigated on a local scale using the social network analysis method.

The evaluation of the sustainability of the institutional dimension in the three aquifer projects of the Katuyeh (Larestan), Kal (Lamard) and Baherstan (Mohr), which were implemented between 2017-2019, was examined through a five-step process. First, the two metrics of trust and cooperation were selected through the consensus of experts and using the classical Delphi method. Second, social relations networks including six topics were established in all three target villages. Third, the relevant questionnaire was designed. The number of completed questionnaires for the villages of Katuyeh, Kal and Behrestan is 25, 60 and 20 respectively (105 in total). In the fourth step, the information obtained from the questionnaires for each village was entered into the UCINET software. Then density and centrality measures (degree and betweenness) were calculated to evaluate two measures of trust and cooperation. Fifth, the two topics of "cooperation of administrations" and "willingness to cooperate with administrations" were determined for the two selection metrics and the stability of these two metrics of cooperation and trust in three villages, respectively.

The results of this research showed that in Katwieh village, the degree of stability for both measures of cooperation and trust was 3.3 (moderate stability). Therefore, the degree of stability in the institutional dimension was estimated to be 3.3 or average stability for Katwieh village. In Kal village, the degree of stability for the two measures of cooperation and trust was 2.7 and 2.3 respectively. Therefore, the degree of stability in the institutional dimension for Kal village was estimated as 2.5 or almost unstable to moderate stability. In Bahristan village, the degree of stability for the two measures of cooperation and trust was 3 and 1.7, respectively. Therefore, the degree of stability in the institutional dimension for Bahristan village was estimated as 2.4 or almost unstable.

Conclusion and Suggestions :

In the three villages of Katoyeh, Kal and Behrestan, the government body of the Natural Resources and Watershed Management Department of the respective city and accordingly the General Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of the province on the one hand and the Islamic Council of the said villages as the representatives of the residents on the other hand, were able to establish two-way relations, trust and create mutual cooperation between the parties. Therefore, this issue strengthened the institutional dimension in the sustainability of watershed project development. In order to gain more trust and cooperation of the watershed residents and its continuity in the field of watershed activities, it is suggested that the maintenance of the watershed project plan be entrusted to the local trustees or the Islamic councils of the villages in order to provide a suitable platform for strengthening and continuing participation, cooperation and Provide mutual trust of watershed residents and government institutions in the field of water and soil conservation.

Given Iran's location in the dry belt of the world and the lack of a comprehensive and accurate assessment of water security in the country, the study of variability in this category as one of the important dimensions of national security to develop appropriate management models seems important and inevitable. The present study aims to investigate and evaluate the water security in the large watershed of Central Plateau due to its large size and high population in terms of eight important sub-indicators including per capita renewable water resources, the intensity of water use, water productivity, investment in water infrastructure, water quality, access to drinking water and water pollution management, green cover changes and changes in large water bodies were established and implemented over a 20-years with 5-year intervals (1996 to 2016). The calculated values ​​for water security are 0.356, 0.330, 0.363, 0.291, and 0.291 respectively for 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016 and the average during the twenty years of research was 0.326 units. The results also show that per capita renewable water resources and index of water use have the greatest impact on water security based on the prioritization of factors affecting water security. It is necessary to establish sustainable management of water resources while taking into account political, social, and economic requirements and paying attention to the issue of water security by the executive and legislative bodies in order to promote national security to establish a proper balance in the use of water resources and water security and Consequently, national security will be improved.

Urban area is considered as one of the main units of a catchment, if watershed considered as integrated watershed management of a watershed catchment. Today, urban watershed management, as one of the main watershed subdivisions, have designed and developed utilization strategies and sustainable management of watershed resources in urban catchment and their habitats in order to reconstruct damages caused by urban development and also try to find solutions by considering urban sustainable development to keep resources for the present and future in the urban environment, through the optimal use of land, and lowest damages to non-renewable resources. Considering the importance of the extension and development of urban watershed management in Iran and its close relationship with sustainable urban development, and the necessity of managers and planners awareness of urban areas, in this research, we attempted to study the role of urban watershed management in urban sustainable development with an emphasis on runoff control and optimal use of rain by extracting rainwater in the backyard, green roof, or in the direction of boosting water Underground such as the use of permeable coatings, all of which emphasized the importance of runoff management in urban watersheds, was emphsized.The results showed that the annual rainfall index is very severe in the desertification class, the index of drought persistence in the low desertification class, and the SPI drought index in the severe desertification class are located, and the geometric mean of these indicators and their synthesis intensity The desertification of the area on the horizon of 1409 is in severe class. The results of this study can help in the management of desertification processes in the region.

Nowadays, studying intractions between hydrological components and different ecosystems named as ecohydrology has been considered by specilaists and experts. Towards this, ecohydrological studies in rangeland ecosystems are very important due to spatial extension in global and national scales. However, it has not been consered yet. The present study has therefore attempted to present a state of art of the rangeland ecohydrology by revieweing avaialbe literatures and accssible documents. Accordingly, the importantant hydrological components viz. precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff, sediment, soil erosion and groundwater recharge were considered in comparison with other ecosystems and corresponding conlusion was ultimately drawn.

Soil erosion and sediment yield in the watersheds are the major limitations in achieving the sustainable development. Hence, the stabilizers and soil amendments such as natural, organic and synthetic materials have been used or tested on erodible soil surface in order to increase the soil stability and reduce soil erosion. However, the use of stabilizers and amendment are somewhat challenged due to their limitations such as having instabilities and temporary nature as well as having the destructive effects to the environment. Therefore, the present study has attempted to provide comprehensive information about microorganism’s application as a sustainable and biological strategy for the restoration of degraded soils. According to the results reported in literatures, the effective role of biological soil crust made by microorganisms especially cyanobacteria, bacteria and fungi in aggregate stability, soil particles shear strength, permeability, moisture retention, carbon and nitrogen sequestration has been documented. It increases soil quality for the presence and growth of vegetation and other organisms through secreting polysaccharides and developing aggregate adhesions. Thus, these soil microorganisms with dynamic role create the suitable conditions for stabilization, vegetation present and other organisms. Therefore, the support and richness of soil microorganism through the development of this organism as the first stage of plant ecosystem of soil would cause the suitable conditions for the sustainable restoration and promotion of ecosystems and eventually would lead to runoff and soil loss control. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the role of soil microorganisms especially cyanobacteria and bacteria in soil erosion processes analysis and their application as an alternative to other conventional stabilizers and additives. However, it is initially needed to be examined under laboratory conditions with further attention to environmental aspects.