جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « مدیریت پایدار » در نشریات گروه « آبخیزداری، بیابان، محیط زیست، مرتع »

In general, mining is associated with the destruction of natural resources and the environment, intentionally or unintentionally. This has gone so far that the supporters and advocates of natural resources and the environment consider mining and mining activities as one of the most important factors in the destruction of natural resources and the environment. On the other hand, the importance and role of mining and mining in the progress of the country and achieving sustainable development is not hidden from anyone. In other words, mining activities cannot be stopped, nor can the importance of natural resources and environment be ignored as one of the pillars of sustainable development. What is certain is the point of interaction and balance of these two categories of restoration and revitalization of mines. This means that after benefiting from small and large mines, it is necessary to restore and restore these mines with the aim of sustaining natural resources and the environment, and as far as possible, the destructive conditions and disturbances created should be returned to the previous state. Mining or close to the original state.

Analyzing changes in land use/cover and identifying their drivers is essential for developing sustainable land management approaches that restore ecosystem resources and services. This research analyzes land use/land cover changes in the Fandoghlo region in Ardabil province in the last two decades based on Landsat 8 (OLI/TIRS L1TP) satellite images and investigates governance and socio-economic drivers based on household surveys and key informants interviews. The results recorded a negative net change in forest (187.5 ha) and rangeland (662.5 ha) ecosystems and a positive net change in agriculture (587.1 ha) and man-made (267.6 ha). Analysis of the 20-year (2003-2023) change detection matrix showed that about 26% of the study area experienced a transition. Based on the results of the investigation of 11 governance and socio-economic drivers, the observed change in ecosystems caused by the expansion of agriculture (91%), poverty (71%), livestock pressure (68%), weak law enforcement (65%), wood smuggling (62%), increasing demand for firewood (60%), population growth (44%), fires (41%), incompatible forms of tourism (40%), distance to the road (36%), and mining (11%). These socio-economic drivers have a significant impact on the availability of ecosystem services, community welfare, biodiversity, and climate. Therefore, this study recommends coordinated efforts by stakeholders to develop participatory ecosystem management and public awareness on the coexistence of nature conservation and sustainable livelihoods. In order to protect ecosystems in this region, it is crucial to empower local communities, understand the dynamics of agricultural lands, and manage the causes and consequences of recent demographic changes.

The need to decentralize government at the local level can guarantee the participation of rangeland beneficiaries. So the present study has analyzed the perceptions of rangeland beneficiaries of participatory governance in Incheh salt marshes in Golestan province. The research is descriptive-survey and statistical population consists of 120 beneficiaries, 92 of whom were selected as the sample size. The questionnaire was the main tool of data collection and participatory governance was evaluated with 32 items in the form of 9 components. The validity of the questionnaire was obtained by experts and its reliability was obtained by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Statistical calculations based on SPSS25. The results showed that the "implementation" and "conflict resolution" with the highest and "planning" and "coordination" with the lowest were at the highest and lowest levels of governance index, respectively. On the other hand, according to the average obtained in the participatory governance index (3.58), the tendency of governance is toward community-oriented management. There was a positive and significant relationship between the variables of livestock history, number of livestock, age, annual income and the tendency to rule in the rangeland. According to the obtained results and also the importance of rangeland governance, the involvement of beneficiaries in the preparation of rangeland plans and projects and the use of their rich native knowledge, holding classes in line with the cooperative activities of beneficiaries with the Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management as a representative of the government are the most important suggestions of this research.

In this study, using the frequency ratio (FR) model, an attempt has been made to identify areas with high groundwater potential of the Sira catchment. Effective factors for preparing groundwater potential map including slope aspect, slope percentage, slope length (LS), Elevation, stream power index (SPI), topographic wetness index (TWI), plan curvature, distance to rivers, distance to roads, distance to faults, lithology, land use, soil hydrological groups and drainage density considered for groundwater potential zone mapping. In the GIS environment, the maps of factors were prepared and overlapped. There are 83 springs in the region, of which 58 were used for modeling and 25 for validation in the FR model. Finally, using the model output, the potential map of groundwater resources was created. The ‌ROC curve was used to validate and evaluate the groundwater potential maps. Validation results showed that the area under the curve (AUC) in the frequency ratio model is 81.21percent, which has a good performance in the potential of groundwater resources in the region. Based on the results of spring potential, 5.07, 13.59, 42.85, and 38.48 percent of the region were in low, medium, high, and very high classes, respectively.

Rangelands are considered as the most basic bed for sustainable development of the environment and ecological phenomena and in addition to a considerable role in production and sustainable rural development, play a key role in preventing soil degradation and erosion and groundwater storage. In recent years, rangelands of Iran have not proper condition due to destruction by climate change and drought, as well as grazing pressure. Therefore, providing effective strategies in rangeland management and sustainability seems necessary and will lead to stability and sustainability in rangeland areas, especially in the long time. In this study, using SWOT analysis, strategies and solutions for sustainable development of rangelands in Kalaleh city of Golestan province were investigated.

In this study, according to the practical objectives of the study, a survey and documentary method was used to collect data and information. The statistical population of this study was experts familiar with the rangeland management in Department of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of Golestan province and Kalaleh city. The sample size was determined by available and non-random sampling method and 26 experts participated in this study. After designing the questionnaire in the form of Likert scale and validation using the opinion of experts and specialists, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the level of reliability that obtained 0.84 and showed the proper reliability of the questionnaire. In order to analyze the data and determine the most important strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities, the SWOT model was used. SWOT model is one of the most important and powerful tools for strategic management that is used in the process of external and internal analysis and the creation of proper strategies. In SWOT analysis, internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and threats) were examined and then strategies and solution for sustainable development of rangelands were designed.

According to the results of this research, the average age and work experience of experts participating in the study were 41.3 and 13.1 years, respectively and more than half of whom had a master's degree. According to the results, "large area of rangelands" with a weight coefficient of 0.0498 is the most important strength of rangelands from the viewpoint of the experts and then there are "indigenous knowledge to rehabilitate and protect rangelands" and "the willingness of stakeholders to participate in the implementation of projects and rangeland management", respectively. But the most important weakness of rangelands was "traditional livestock system depends on rangeland forage" with a coefficient weight of 0.0486. Also, "the presence of unauthorized stakeholders in the rangelands and reduction of ownership area for livestock grazing" and "reducing the percentage of class I plants and rangeland production" are the next priority weaknesses, respectively. According to the findings, "improving the perspective of multi-purpose use of rangelands" is the most important opportunity for sustainable development of rangelands from the viewpoint of the experts and the most important threat is "climate change and reduction of water resources in rangelands". The final score of internal and external factors was 2.569 and 2.102, respectively that shows the superiority of strengths over weaknesses and threats over opportunities. Thus, the strategy of sustainable development of rangelands was determined as competitive strategy (ST).

According the results of this study, legal and incentives planning to attract private sector investment according to rangeland potentials (Ecotourism, medicinal plants, various livestock products), implementation multi-purpose use of rangelands, reforming rules and regulations, increasing the budget of Natural Resource Departments, and improving infrastructure, educational and medical facilities in rural areas were considered as competitive strategies. Based on the research results, it is suggested that in order to improve the participation of local communities in sustainable rangeland management, the necessary measures should be taken by holding workshops and training and extension classes. Also, by providing the necessary facilities, the conditions for the development of the region, private sector investment and diversification of the livelihood of the rural residents should be provided.

Watershed collaborative governance is a holistic approach for attracting individual and communal involvement of active institutions and stakeholders of a specific arena, in line with ultimate objectives of both the institution and user and constant improvement at all dimensions. Present study was carried out in Sarayan district of South Khorasan Province within Se Ghale Watershed and analyzed the effectiveness of holistic projects through quantifying measures taken for establishing collaborative governance of watershed. Analysis based on the results of holistic projects reveals new horizons for future projects in other watershed areas. Macro-level indicators of stakeholders’ network were measured through social network analysis method before and after implementation of a collaborative project in South Khorasan Province. A positive trend was found out following project implementation. Macro-level indicators including the level of density (54.1 prior project implementation and 74.2 post project implementation), reciprocity (48.8 before and 67.32 after project implementation), centralization of out-group and in-group ties, average geodesic distance (1.37 pre-project and 1.25 post-project implementation) reinforce cross-sectoral links and pave the way for less centralized decision-making. This is a proof in favor of applying network analysis and cross-sectoral approach in operationalizing policies of sustainable natural resources management. What’s more, this new approach will be rather useful for administrators and planners and it will reinforce organizational cohesion of policy-making network.

Monitoring the area and their marginal land uses changes in lakes are one of the strategies to achieve proper management of lakes and wetlands. In the present study to monitor Maharlu Lake area and its marginal land uses changes in Fars Province, the Landsat images of 1987, 2001 and 2013 were selected in wet and dry periods (March and September). By applying geometric and atmospheric corrections, the maximum probability algorithm was used for providing land use map. The Kappa coefficients for the September of 1987, 2001 and 2013 were 0.85, 0.88 and 0.89, and for April of 1987 and 2013 were 0.86 and 0.88, respectively. After providing land use map and validation, the method of comparing satellite images was used to monitor the changes. The changes were monitored by comparing Landsat images after classification. Results showed that the Maharlu Lake area has decreased by 82% in September 2013 compared to 1987. This reduction was 20% in March, 2013 compared to 1979. By reducing the water level of lake in September, bare soil and saline lands were increased by 39 and 37.5%, respectively. Agricultural and range lands have been decreased by 28 and 3.5% from 1987 to 2013, respectively. In general, the area under cultivation around the Maharlu Lake and the water level has been decreased significantly due to the lack of significant changes in rainfall during the long-term period and significant increase in evapotranspiration of Maharlu area during the last three decades. Due to recent droughts, bare soils and saline lands have been increased during this period. This has different consequences which require the proper management and planning of lakes and wetlands, especially during the drought periods.

Assessment of temporal and spatial variations of runoff and sediment is needed to sustainable management of watersheds, soil erosion and sediment control, and watershed conservation projects. The amount of discharge and sediment concentration rates were assessed in 15 river gauge stations located in the West-Azarbaijan Province in a 20-years recorded data using double-mass curve and annual variation analysis (coefficient of variations, annual distribution of regulating coefficient, and concentration rate). The logarithmic rating curve equation was used to sediment estimation according to the nature of discharge and sediment load variations. According to the results, the maximum discharge and sediment amount were observed in the May of spring season that can be related to the high amounts of snow melt and spring precipitation and associated high river flow discharge in the study area. The cumulative double mass curve of the runoff and sediment had a constant slope in the Pole-Bahramlou, Choplojeh, Sarighamish, Peighale, Naghadeh, Dorood, and Chapasabad stations, in which the sediment load is consistent with the runoff amounts. While, the decreasing pattern of sediment load was observed in the Dizaj, Urmia, Dashband, Ghasemlou, and Bayazidabad, which can be related to rainfall decrease and conservation measures (dam construction) and lower sediment amount in the study period. The highest coefficient of variation of runoff and sediment was observed in Pole-Bahramlou (16 and 173 percent), respectively. The highest monthly runoff-sediment uniformity was identified in Chaparabad station, where the lowest concentration rate of runoff and sediment were observed by 0.25 and 0.35 percent respectively; while, the Urmia station identified as a high rate of runoff and sediment concentration rate with 0.58 and 0.84 percent in the study area. It can be concluded that the seasonal variations of runoff and sediment had a consistent manner and some different spatial variations due to climatic, hydrologic and anthropogenic conditions.

Nowadays, numerous risks seriously threat the health of watershed ecosystems. Human driven modifications of the Earth's natural environment largely affect ecosystem structure and functions. Therefore, assessment of the relative condition of watersheds is essential to plan appropriate management practices. In this regards, various approaches such as reliability-resilience-vulnerability (RRV) indicator based and conceptual model have been proposed. Assessment and monitoring ecosystem health using a promising approach of the RRV model to ascertaining watershed health provides early warnings of environmental degradation causes. So, watershed ecosystems health assessment is a fundamental and an essential step to ecological services conservation. To apply the RRV model, several criteria have been used within a riskbased standpoint. Although, the application of the RRV model has been commonplace for years in various ecosystems, but, the use of the RRV indicators in watershed health assessment has been rarely reported. Towards this, the present research was conducted to introduce, to explain the application and to review the literatures of the RRV model. The results of the literature review indicated that more studies have been limited mostly to reservoir operations management. While, the recent studies have focused on health assessment of the different ecosystems such as stream, urban and even watershed ecosystems. Based on these researches, the application of the RRV model has been suggested as a prerequisite for appropriate and integrated watershed health assessment.

Traditional and indigenous knowledge of range beneficiaries is a valuable national heritage for management programs and social development, providing opportunities to identify, prioritize and organize local resources. The introduction of this traditional knowledge among the population has a positive approach towards the ranch job, and can reinforce the strength of social structure in the country. Accordingly, in this research, it was tried to introduce the mechanisms of indigenous knowledge for the management of range allotments by the semi nomads of Damavand mountain summer rangelands. This is a qualitative research method, in this technique while doing interviews and gathering deep data, axial questions were determined regarding the use of rangeland. The methodology of the study is qualitative including interviews and data collection as well as determining central questions regarding the use of rangelands. Our results clearly showed that rangeland beneficiaries were easily able to determine range allotments, spatial distribution of livestock, herd size, sites of drinking water and so forth. They also can use all parts of a range allotment through traditional grazing systems, exclosure, and observing livestock entry to the rangeland. It seems that indigenous knowledge and occupational experience of shepherds can perform an important role in collaborative activities to achieve sustainable management and provide the success of rangeland projects.

Land degradation development is one of the existing issues in human communities. Degraded lands cover approximately 23% of the global terrestrial area and increasing at an annual rate of 5- 10 million ha. Apart that, economical development, unscientific and illogical utilization of resources are inevitable due to growing population and needs. On the other hand, the unsustainable management strategies due to incorrect identification of the natural resources, increases the land degradation. Appling appropriate management plans is therefore necessary to mitigate damage and protect water resources, soils and vegetation, proper utilization and economic development needs. In this regard, adaptive management is a systematic approach, provides an optimal management of natural resources and reduces land degradation through minimizing uncertainty and greater convergence among stakeholders. In addition, Zero Net Land Degradation (ZNLD) strategy as a new approach can also be achieved when non-degraded land remains healthy and already degraded land is restored, thus reducing to zero the net rate of loss in productive land.

This study is trying to exploitations view point and permanent management problems of rangeland to evaluate in ranches Damavand Summer Rangeland in Amol County. Statistical Society are utilizations 15 ranch that with three methods, collective property, private property and council property from rangeland utilization and randomly from among their number 88 was selected. The research tool was a questionnaire that among exploitations through direct interviews have been completed. To assess problems permanent management of rangeland in the area with pivotal effect of the structure of exploitation methods, index nine selection and with spectrum from exploitations view point and were measured. The results showed different methods on among permanent management of rangeland effect means confidence level 99 percent. Duncan comparison test showed that permanent management problems private property exploitation methods are low from exploitation methods collective property and council property. So Friedman test results showed that with the rank category index of problems permanent management of rangeland time stop livestock mid excessive pasture with average 9.23 and the number of livestock over rangeland capacity in the region with average 8.01, respectively, the uttermost rank or impacts than the other indexes on rangeland permanent management in watershed land. So with use from Kruskal Wallis test evaluated and compared each one of rangeland permanent management indexes in exploitation different methods. Generally recommended to reduce problems in watershed areas of before Projects of reform and reducing, recognizing systems, common law and the demands of exploitation more attention and emphasis management and experts.

The purpose of this study was to determine the related factors to sustainable on-farm water resources management in modaress watershed of Khuzestan province. The research design was a descriptive and correlation surveying method and factor analysis technique. Wheat farmers in north of Modaress watershed were the target population for this study. A random sample of wheat farmers selected (N=1370، n= 141). The main result of the study revealed that there exist correlation between the level of education، participation in extension course، rate of using communication channel، rate of farm demonstration visit، social participation، mechanization level، rate of extension agent visit with sustainable on-farm water resources management were significantly positive. By using Bartlett’s test and KMO test determine whether research variables are appropriate for factor analysis (Sig=0/000، Bartlett test=7254. 342، KMO=0. 72). The number of factors was determined using Scree plot، Eigenvalue and percent of variance. An examination of the items and their factor loadings was used to understand the nature of the five factors. To reduce subjectivity، items with factor loading equal to or greater than 0. 5 were considered most important when factors were labeled. The nine factors were labeled (1) Extension and education activities، (2) Economical characteristics، (3) Governmental support، (4)، (5) Social characteristics. The results obtained from the factors analysis reveal that the six factors explain 71% of the variation of the sustainable on-farm water resources management.