جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Logit model » در نشریات گروه « آبخیزداری، بیابان، محیط زیست، مرتع »

Evaluate non-market functions and services of the environment, including tourism for many reasons, including the recognition and understanding of environmental and ecological benefits by humans, presenting the country's environmental issues to decision makers and planners, adjusting and modifying the set of national calculations such as GDP It is important to nationalize and prevent the indiscriminate destruction and exploitation of natural resources.The purpose of this study is to estimate the economic value of rangeland tourism function of 4 villages of Maneh and Samolghan counties of North Khorasan province, using conditional valuation method. the logit model was estimated using the maximum likelihood method. The required data were collected by completing 133 questionnaires and face-to-face interviews with visitors from all four areas. The sample size was obtained using Cochran's formula and the sampling method used is random sampling. Based on the results of the model used to determine the factors affecting the value of tourism in the region, the variables of marital status, employment status, proposed amount and rangeland attractiveness are significant at 5% probability level and effective factors in the WTP rate of visitors to use rangelands Are studied. the average WTP as input price for each visitor to use the rangelands of the region was 5880 Tomans and the recreational value of each hectare of rangelands in the region was 49556 Tomans per year. the rangelands of the studied villages have significant tourism value, which can help plannersand executives in planning, protection and sustainable use of rangelands in the region.

Babolsar Township is the host of many tourists around the country annually.  The landfill of this township has located in the vicinity of the coast and on the other hand, due to proximity to residential, service, recreational, unsuitable conditions due to the emission of biogas and creating unpleasant odors in the region. due to the importance of the subject, in this research, the economic damage caused by the emission of unpleasant odors from this landfill, using the method of contingent valuation in the form of one and on-half dichotomous choices method and according to the Cochran formula, among 195 selected sample of indigenous and tourists of babolsar have been estimated. The results of logit model estimation on the basis of final effect showed that the proposed price variables, income, ethic-consequences desires and environmental trends have the greatest influence on the people's willingness to pay. The total economic damage costs to the society duo to the spread of the unpleasant odor of biogas of landfill has been estimated to be 42.759 billion Rials.

The country's pastures are one of the main sources of production and provide an important part of the fodder needed by livestock. This issue is very important in the Zagros region. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to investigate the effective factors on the participation of users in rangeland projects in Lorestan province. The collection of data and information in this research was done through a questionnaire (130 questionnaires from the operators of Borujerd city). The results of the logit model showed that the variables of education, second job, the cost of animal fodder, grazing license and the degree of dependence on pastures have a negative and significant relationship with participation in grazing projects, as well as the variables of membership in a cooperative, annual income, ownership, compliance with the pasture law, attendance at The experts' classes and the level of trust in the executors of the plan show a positive and meaningful relationship. The highest elasticity values ​​and the estimated final effect are respectively related to the variables of dependence and participation in classes, so that with an increase of one percent in dependence and one unit in participation in classes, the probability of participating in projects decreases by 3.455 percent and 0.764 units will increase. McFadden's coefficient of determination is 50%, which shows that the explanatory variables of the model have explained the changes of the dependent variable well. Also, Amare Madala and Estrella confirm this. The percentage of correct prediction also shows that 86% of the respondents correctly answered the willingness to participate according to the information. Therefore, it is suggested that due to the limited budget of the organizations, priority should be given to increase the participation of users through the media and form educational classes to increase their awareness and knowledge regarding the necessity of implementing rangeland projects. At the same time, the issue of planning based on land development and grazing plans and drafting new laws should also be on the agenda.

Use of intensive fattening capacity and lessen the dependency of stocks on natural lands is one of the solutions to reduce the pressure on rangelands (overgrazing). This fattening method is one of the important methods to increase red meat production without increasing the number of animals. If the fattening operation is done correctly, the country will not need to import red meat. The aim of this study was to determine the influential factors affecting the acceptance of fattening by pastoralists in the Kaiser area.

The studied area is located 70 kilometers south of Sari city and at the altitude of 1378 meters above sea level. The rangelands of this area are summer grazing lands and are used communally both by villagers and nomads’ herds. This study was conducted by answering the questionnaire items asking from the users, in 2018. A total of 85 questionnaires were distributed among the statistical population. The main variables were determined and the final questionnaires were completed by random sampling in the study area. In these questionnaires, various variables were examined, including socio-economic characteristics of the pastoralists, technical characteristics of the rangelands and other related questions, which were asked in the form of a Likert scale and open questions. The content validity of the questionnaires was determined by professors and experts. Also, in order to calculate the reliability (reliability) of the questionnaire, the pre-test questionnaire was used and the reliability coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) was calculated. To investigate the factors affecting the acceptance / non-acceptance of fattening by rangeland users was used through Logit Model. The logit model parameters were estimated using maximum resolution and Shazam software.

According to the results, about 40% of rangers have welcomed intensive fattening and were ready to change their livestock system. The corrected prediction percentage index of the estimated model is over 83%. This shows a favorable figure and indicates that the estimated model has been able to predict a high percentage of dependent variable values according to explanatory variables. In other words, approximately 83% of respondents correctly were assigned. The results showed that the child education variables, type of exploitation, rangeland level, having a fortune, use of reforestation of farms, duration of manual feeding, the variables of the occupation, knowledge of the benefits of fattening and having a sufficient level of rangeland for animal husbandry are effective factors on willingness of sheep fattening system by pastoralists in Kiasar area. According to the weight elasticity of grazing license variable (-0.67), assuming other factors constant, an increase of one percent in the exploitations with of grazing license reduces the probability of adoption of fattening by 0.67%. On the other hand, an increase of one percent in the area of agricultural land increases the probability of the willingness to fattening by 0.34 percent. In the case of the variable of knowledge about the benefits of fattening, a one percent increase in this variable increases the probability of wanting to fattening by 1.22%.

Therefore, according to the results of research, cultivation of forage plants in agricultural lands and drylands, increasing the awareness of rangers about the benefits of fattening and traditional livestock damage on pastures through holding promotional-educational courses, encouraging incompetent rangers, immigrants and without a grazing license to fattening in addition to supporting organizations related to providing low-interest facilities are operational and scientific solutions to encourage ranchers to fatten in the area.

Desert ecosystems have substantial economic potentials that paying attention to them to attain sustainable development and to get rid of the one-product economy is essential. According to the growing demand for ecotourism, calculating the recreational value of recreational areas seems to be necessary for efficient and effective management. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors affecting the willingness of tourists to pay in the Qaleh-Bala area of Biarjamand city in Semnan province. To examine the factors affecting the willingness to pay, the Logit model was estimated by the maximum likelihood method. To measure the willingness to pay off the Qaleh-Bala Double-bounded Dichotomous Choice, it was used. The required data were prepared and collected by completing a questionnaire and face-to-face interviews with visitors from the area. The tourist samples were selected by a simple random sampling method for 207 people, and then the questionnaires were completed by them. The results of the Logit model showed that the coefficients of the variables number of visits, final destination, and distance from residence, monthly household expenses, and offered price were significant at the level of 1% and 5%. Finally, the average willingness to pay for the use of the area by visitors was 48,220 Rials and the annual recreation value of Qaleh-Bala village was estimated at 434 million Rials

Nowadays, the destructive factors of the environment and natural resources are so widespread that the alarm of destruction of these natural wonders is sounded all over the world. Due to the importance of this topic, the study was conducted to estimate the willingness to pay of local communities to conserve and restore desert areas of Gosht plain in Saravan in order to attract people's participation to finance projects for the preservation and rehabilitation of desert areas. The sampling process was conducted using Cochran's formula with 303 samples by simple random sampling method. Conditional valuation method and Logit model were used to estimate the people’s willingness to pay. The results showed that gender, education, participation in rural government institutions, employment of trusted executives, the history of participation in educational-developmental classes, being native, income and directly being beneficiaries from the environment of the region has a positive and significant effect on the willingness of people to pay for Gosht plain protection. The variable of age and suggested amount had a negative and significant effect on willingness to pay, but the size of household had no significant effect on willingness to pay. Moreover, the variables of existence of a management organization for participation, acquaintance with the environment, having environmental literacy, and government financial support of the projects had a positive and significant effect on the willingness to pay for the Gosht plain protection. The average of peoples’ willingness to pay monthly in 1398, was obtained 113890 Rials per each person.

The existence of air pollution crisis in developing countries necessitates a comprehensive study in this field. The new city of Mohajeran is one of the newly established cities in Markazi province, where the sources of pollution in this city are mostly point and non-transferable sources. These sources of pollution, along with other polluting factors, have caused air pollution in this city. In the present study, the aim is to estimate the willingness of people to pay to improve the air quality of Mohajeran and to determine the factors affecting the willingness to pay. In this study, the conditional valuation method and the logit model have been used to estimate the willingness of individuals to pay. The required data have been extracted from the completion of 362 face -to – face two dimensional questionnaires in 1399 in the city of Mohajeran. The results showed that the variables of household income, age, history of disease due to air pollution and the index of attitudes and environmental tendencies of the respondent have a positive effect and the variable of the proposed amount has a negative and significant effect on the willingness to pay. Also, the average willingness of respondents to improve the air quality of this city was 12838 Tomans per month. The average willingness to pay monthly is 49170 Tomans per household and total economic value of 3135 million Tomans per year. Therefore, this issue requires more attention of officials in urban planning.

Rangeland ecosystems have many valuable functions, the value of the most of these functions yet unclear. The aim of this study was the determination of tourism value of Maleshoure and Gurgo rangelands in Boyer Ahmad city using individual’s willingness to pay.  To investigate the factors affecting the individual’s willingness to pay, The logit regression model was used.  Data extraction was carried out using a two-dimensional method, required data were collected by filling in a questionnaire and interviewing 150 visitors from the mentioned area. Based on the results of the model, nightly accommodation variables such as cost, household income, satisfaction with welfare services and the proposed rental rate were significant. These are the most effective factors in the number of visitors WTP for using the rangelands of the region. The results showed that 64 % of visitors are willing to pay for recreation. Results showed that the average WTP is equal to 25984 Rials. Also, the annual recreational value of this region was about 259840 Rials per hectare which could be sumup fot the whole atea as 1852 million Rials. This indicates that attention of visitors to the recreational resources of the area is heigh. Due to recreational value of the study area, it is suggested that policy makers, to increase the budget pay more attention on this factor. Also, tourism can play an important role in increasing the income of the rangers.

Natural ecosystems such as rangelands have considerable economic potential and a function, the need to pay attention to them in pursuit of sustainable economic development in a country such as Iran is necessary. Accordingly, the goal of this research is determining recreation and conservation value of Lasem summer rangelands in Amol, Mazandaran province by 1335 ha area with CVM method. So, dual selection questionnaire and logit quality model were used. Model parameters were estimated based on the maximum right-sided method. The questionnaire was completed for 230 visitors in the one-year period (2017-2018). The results showed that in both estimations, the variables effect of bid and education at level 5 and 1 percentage had significant effect on wtp. The results of the research showed that average willingness to pay each family per visit for protecting each hectare of Lasem rangelands were 44526 rials and for recreation usage were 85012 respectively. Annual value of recreation and conservation of each ha of Lasem rangelands were 2183445 rials and 543212.5 rials respectively. Also, the results showed that, total annual recreational and conservation value of summer rangelands of Lasem, were 2.9 million rials/year and 1.5 million rials/year. The willingness to pay approximately 2 times of visitors for recreational value relative to the conservation value reflects that if people do not use this waterfall directly for recreation, will have less willingness to pay. On the other hand, the low conservation value of the area compared to its recreational value, caused by the ignorance and disregard of people about the environmental services in this area. So, we will have a double effect if environmental policies go hand in hand with training and proper notification. So, pay attention to training and educational promotions to encourage environmental conservation of the region, will be very important.

Groundwater resources management is one of the most important issues of natural resources management. Lack of proper management of these resources has caused serious problems such as land subsidence, aquifer salinity and the annihilation of wetlands. With population growth, has increased demand groundwater and led to water scarcity in many parts of the world including Iran. Estimating the economic value of groundwater is a fundamental step in water resources management strategies. The present study was conducted using interviews and questionnaires to estimate the average willingness to pay the population of the villagers living in Alashtar Plain. In this regard, some of the most important socio-economic variables of the studied population and their role in optimizing the management of groundwater resources have been studied. The statistical society in this research includes the population of villagers residing in the Alashtar Plain as the beneficiaries of groundwater resources in the area with a sample size of 490 was calculated by the Cochran formula. However, the average willingness to pay to protect groundwater resources for each household of the Alashtar Plain was estimated as 1,758,920 Rials per year. Results showed that the total value of groundwater protection in the Alashtar Plain is 8,913 Milion Rials per year. The protective value of one cubic meter of groundwater for the population that has stated their willingness to pay is based on a contingent valuation method of 208.647 Rials. It was also observed that the offered price variables, annual household income and level of education significantly affect willingness to pay for the respondents. Given the fact that there is no market for groundwater non-use value, the findings of this paper can be a powerful tool for decision making and water resources management for water sector managers.

Valuating the non-market environmental functions and services including tourism is important for many reasons including understanding the ecological benefits, providing the country's environmental issues to the planners, modifying the national computing system such as gross national product and preventing the destruction and excessive exploitation of natural resources. The aim of this research is the estimation of the recreational value of Abar watershed using a contingent valuation method. To investigate the factors affecting willingness to pay of individuals, the logit model was estimated using maximum likelihood estimation. Required data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. The results showed that overnight stay, family cost, and satisfaction of welfare services were significant (P<0.05), affecting the WTP. The mean of WTP for recreational value of this rangeland was calculated to be 8096 Rials per visitor. According to the results, the Abar Watershed has considerable recreational values. Thus, these values provide enough justification for policymakers to maintain the quality of natural resources and avoid degrading rangeland resources.

Rangeland insurance can be one of the mechanisms to deal with inevitable risks of natural resources and may be the most appropriate strategy to reduce financial losses. Rangeland insurance in rural and tribal communities could be considered as a new phenomenon. In this research, the factors affecting rangelands insurance demand were investigated in Kalaleh district. The study was a survey research using questionnaires of pastoralists. In the questionnaires, several variables were examined. The target population was all pastoralists that had range management plan. Sample size was determined using Cochran's formula and estimated to be 115 people. In this research, to assess the factors affecting rangeland insurance demand econometrics patterns Logit model was used. Logit model parameters were estimated using maximum likelihood. According to the results, the effects of premium, forage residue, and membership in the council were negatively significant, while other factors were positively significant in rangeland insurance demand. Rangeland insurance can play an important role in range improvement and reclamation as well as increased production of rangelands. Accordingly, the need for implementation of educational and promotional programs to introduce the goals and benefits of rangeland insurance to the insurers in one hand and providing financial aids and improve the conditions for reimbursement of damages to the affected insurers in the other hand could provide the required facilities to help this part of society as well as greater willingness to extend their insurance and encourage other beneficiaries to insure their rangelands.

In recent years, natural resource economists evaluate and assess the role of natural resources in the welfare of people have put on their agenda. This study, people's willingness to participation in protecting and reviving the desert area NasrAbad, examined the using conditional valuation and tow-dimensional, dual choice questioner. To estimate the willingness to pay logit regression model was used based on the maximum likelihood method, the parameters of the model were estimated. Results suggest that age, occupation, education and horticultural activities, a native of the region, climate change, poor management officials, family income and number of family members, significant positive effect and gender, agricultural activities, overgrazing of livestock , expansion of urban land and Bid a significant negative effect on the bid people are willing to pay. Deontologist people units 0/868 have likely to pay more compared with Cosequentialists people the Marginal effect of these variables to be allocated. the average willingness to pay of the Deontologist and Cosequentialists people in this study to participation in protecting and reviving the deserts of Nasr Abad is estimated to be 32586 and 6524 Rials respectively.

Considering the time of livestock grazing in rangelands has very important role in conservation of rangelands and protecting them from degradation. This study aimed at assessessment of the effective factors on considering time in livestock grazing on Kouhdasht city rangelands in Lorestan province. This study is a survey research and the statistics community is nomadism pastoralists of Koohdash city. Number of samples was determined 310 person based on Cochran formula from the whole number of pastoralists which was 1038 person. Many different variables were assessed in this study such as: Socio-economic and affective factors on grazing management. Among the econometrics models, Logit Models was used in order to assessing the effective factors on time management of grazing. Logit model parameters were estimated with maximum likelihood method. Coefficient of determination indices and accurate prediction coefficient were used in order to assessing the finesses of sample’s data. The result showed that there is a significant difference between groups of exploiters in the case of considering time of grazing. having the winter pastures, early arrival date and late leaving of pastoralism from summer rangelands, were the most affecting from the pastoralism point of view. Based on the results, male pastoralism, had much more dependency on rangelands, thus their arrival date to the summer rangelands was earlier. Those who did not have winter pastures had fewer tendencies to care about grazing time.

Insurance industry is one of the effective factors of developing sustainable agriculture. Natural resources that are more pone to influence than other phenomenon such as: Drought, there are limited areas under insurance. From 86.4 million hectares of country Ranges, there are nearly 3 million hectares under insurance. Semnan province are compared to other areas has more Range insured. Therefore, in this research effective factors in accepting Range insurance by Semnanian's livestock have been investigated. This research is experimental and applied in the purpose also collected information and documents library. Desired statistical community is all Range man in the Semnan. Among this number of 147 persons using a random sampling as a statistical sample was selected for the 75 samples insurance range men receiver and 72 samples of range men were incompliant insurance. Logit model estimated results show that the class extension, the amount of range feed production, and to borrow the amount preserve and income are efficacious and the number of cattle is negative and significant in the acceptance of ranges insurance.

Economic value of natural resources is increased via tourism resources function. Natural environment in the desert area has great potential for attracting tourists and in this respect it has a nonmarketable value. Making these values marketable may lead to rise up the economic value of natural environment in the desert area. One of the most important natural environments in the desert areas of the Yazd province is Bnadak-Sadat. This area is located on the mountain slope with seasonal rivers as well as areas such as the Chelle cave، attracting many tourists in every year. In this study the economic value of this desert area was determined based on a tourism approach in 2010. To do this، 263 questionnaires based on the Mitchell and Carson method were completed by tourists visiting Banadak-Sadat. The results showed that the tourists had willingness to pay 6760 Rials per visit and the recreational value of this natural environment was estimated to annually be 1. 1 billion Rials. The actual value of this region will become clearer by investing at least up to the recreational value obtained in order to increase the number of tourists and associated incomes.

Maharloo Lake, located at 23 kilometers from Shiraz, has high value for local people and passengers due to its mild weather and natural interests. Studying recreational values of this place is necessary to predict needs, remove scarcities and tourism development. The aim of this research is to estimate the outdoor recreational value of Maharloo Lake with the use of contingent valuation method. To study the effective variables on willingness to pay per visit by individuals, logit model was used to estimate maximum likelihood. Requested data set were obtained by completing questionnaires and interviewing 188 individuals who visited the lake during summer 2007. Results revealed that 74.5 percents of individuals agreed to pay for each visit. Also results showed that education, lake absorption, gender and revenue had a positive significant effect and bid, number of yearly visits and family size had negative significant effect on probability of willingness to pay. Mean willingness to pay for each visitor per year was 3392 RLs and annual outdoor recreation value of Maharloo Lake was estimated 1187200000 RLs.