جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « دیاگرام ویلکوکس » در نشریات گروه « کشاورزی »

Since the agricultural sector is the main consumer of water in the country, achieving sustainable agriculture without considering environmental issues may lead to risks in the long term, therefore, the quantity and quality of surface water is so important in agriculture. This research has investigated the Ares River catchment area with the aim of qualitative monitoring of surface water resources to achieve sustainable agriculture and natural resources. More than 100 collected samples from 9 stations of Aras River between Yaichi village in Azerbaijan and near Aras Dam from October 2017 to August 2018 have been investigated, classified, and evaluated using the Wilcox agricultural water quality index and Grapher software. The results of this research showed that the samples in Schuler's diagram were within the acceptable range but for drinking, other effective elements should also be investigated. The lowest amount of sodium absorption ratio was in June (1.40 mg/L) and the highest amount was in November (3.43 mg/L). Also, the electrical conductivity of water was the lowest value in June (840 µs/cm) and the highest value in October (1375 µs/cm). According to the Wilcox diagram, all the samples were in the qualitative range of C3S1 and they are considered saltwater. Despite the high level of salinity in the samples of this river, there was no significant difference in the qualitative trends of the stations during the investigated period for agricultural use, but the necessary measures should be taken in using these waters.

The present study was conducted in order to evaluate and compare the quality of underground water resources (springs and wells) in the eastern part of Gorgan Plain in terms of potability and irrigation in a 10-year period. In this research, the results of chemical analysis of 14 wells and 8 springs were used. Water quality index (WQI), Schuler's diagram and some criteria and standards were used to evaluate the quality of drinking water sources. Electrical conductivity, corrosion ratio, magnesium ratio, sodium absorption ratio, soluble sodium percentage, permeability ratio and overall ratio were used in the irrigation section. Then, the zoning of some effective parameters and indicators in each section was done in the GIS environment using the IDW method. Based on the WQI index, the quality of all springs and wells on the edge of the highlands is in the excellent category, but as you move away from the plain, the quality of some wells varies from good to poor. Based on the concentration of some hydrochemical parameters, standards and Schuler's diagram, except for one remaining well, the studied water sources are of suitable quality for drinking. In the irrigation sector, based on the Wilcox diagram, sodium absorption ratio, salinity risk, residual sodium carbonate index and overall ratio, water from wells in the west of the region should be used with caution. In general, the quality of spring water in both drinking and irrigation sectors is much better than well water.

Land use is referred to the use of land in existing condition that includes all uses in different parts. Land use change is affected by several factors. In this research, land use Changes in the Zarrinehroud watershed and its effect on water quality were investigated in three periods (1987, 2004 and 2013) using Landsat satellite TM and OLI sensors. The results indicate that land use changes in the watershed is going to reduce of pasture and increasing of agriculture. Wilcox and Schuler diagrams were used to evaluate the chemical quality of agricultural water, and drinking water, respectively. Based on the Wilcox diagram, only year 2004 (dry period) was on the C3-S1 class and the remaining years were on the C2-S1 class. Based on the Schuler diagram, the year 2004 (dry period) is considered acceptable in the drinking category and the remaining years are in good drinking category and have no restrictions on drinking. Water quality assessment of the Zarrinehroud watershed shows a decrease in water quality, as a result of increasing the EC, TDS and SAR characteristics in year 2004 that indicates a decrease in river water quality due to land use change and accordance with the occurrence of droughts in the year 2003-2004.

Groundwater resources as one of the most important sources of water needed for agriculture, industry and drinking is important, that are encountered With different risks such as level fall, reduced feed rate due to lack of rainfall and contaminants normal and abnormal. This study was conducted in Garmsar alluvial plain in Semnan province. According to the research purposes, process and effect of variations underground water table fluctuations, in the 4 periods, 1995-1997, 1997-2003, 2003-2009 and 2010-2012 were investigated in 75 wells. For investigate process effects of variations water quality parameters including EC and SAR, Results of chemical analysis of 52 wells in the second periods, 2003-2009 and 2010-2012 were evaluated and analyzed. In order to quantify the properties of water zonation software was used the method of IDW with a power of 1 to 5, and Geostatistical methods (Kriging and Cokriging) and Surfer8 ArcGIS. For investigate process and variations in the underground water table fluctuations in water quality parameters, was used from Classification and rate of IMDPA desertification model. Results show that groundwater level drop in the periods 1995-1997, 1997-2003, 2003-2009 and 2010-2012 respectively are 1.05, 8.2, 4.27 and 5.34 meters and decrease groundwater in Garmsar Plain. An average of 0.99 cm or in other word we are facing equal to 1 meter drop Groundwater in Garmsar plain. We used Wilcox classification to determine the level and types of water quality.According to results, based on quantitative parameters of EC and SAR are in C4S1 category.

This study focused on considering Hamedan-Bahar area water quality and quantity. To achieve this purpose 30 wells with good dispersion and good quality were selected. Quality variations were studied every month for each well in different years and water table (W.T.) similar Tisane's polygons of wells in 15 years (1991-2006) were determined. The results showed that W.T. of area because of city development, agriculture and incorrect managements was decreased abaut 11m. Head lost in years 1991 to 1996 rather than years of 1996 to 2001 was decreased and in years 2001 to 2006 good precipitations and management were controlled. Wells on based of Wilcox diagram in 2 quality groups (EC<750dSm-1 and EC>750dSm-1) were classified. Considering the correlation between SO42- and Cl1- showed that group 2 is affected by contamination source. Results of quality analyses showed that regarding nearer area to city and industrial region the quality in direction of ground water flow from south of east to north of east to C3S1, class was decreased. According to Wilcox diagram, water is used for agriculture without banning. Piper diagram showed that bicarbonatcalcic and bicarbonatsodic are two sources for water. Affections of water quality from time and location with absolute randomized block in several observations on 2 treats (1 and 2) and 30 repetitions (well locations) in 3 blocks were built. In time aspect 1% level was insignificant and in local aspect 1% level was significant. In spite of insignificant of time a significant decrease in water quality was seen. For the validation of results anevaluation on average of data with Duncan-test was done. Duncan test showed that average of parameters was lower in group 1.

The Simine-rud river in the central part of Hamedan district is emanated from some small rivers of Alvand northern valleys and north eastern mountains in Hamadan. This river arrives in Famenin city (south east of Hamedan) named Ghare-chay River. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the water quality of Simine-rud river for irrigation using Wilcox diagram. The experiment was carried out during July 2006 to June 2007. After identifying the rivers that flowed into Simine-rud, 13 sampling sites were selected to take monthly samples for determination of pH, EC, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+. Based on the averages of the results, sodium adsorption ratios (SAR) was calculated and then Wilcox diagram was used. Considering the EC and SAR values in selected stations, Simine-rud showed a gradual increase in pollution (salinity and sodicity) and decrease in water quality across the river from the top to the down. According to Wilcox diagram, water quality of the studied rivers was eralnated as good and medium classes (C1S1-C3S1) for irrigation purpose.