جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "توسعه شهری پایدار" در نشریات گروه "هنر و معماری"

Following the vast urban expansion created by the growth of urbanization, paying attention to housing needs, housing quality and access to affordable housing for all has become one of the crucial issues in the area of urban planning. The human life platform is on the path to achieve spatial justice and sustainable urban development, which has led to many problems, including citizens’ dissatisfaction and the consequent abandonment of neighborhoods and cities. Eslamshahr, as one of the important urban centers in Tehran province, today faces various problems such as areas of inequality in housing, which has reduced its viability. The purpose of this research is to investigate and evaluate the spatial equality in the housing domain in this city in order to provide strategies for its promotion. The research method is mainy-analytical. Bases on this, 382 residents of Eslamshahr were randomly selected to complete the questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using T-test in SPSS software and six district of the city were ranked based on TOPSIS model. Finally, the SWOT analysis technique was used to provide strategies for promoting spatial justice in the housing area of Eslamshahr. The research findings show that most of the indicators of housing equality in Eslamshahr are lower than the average level. District 1 with TOPSIS score of 0.910 and District 4 with TOPSIS score of 0.105 have the lowest rank in Eslamshahr housing areas have their own. In addition, the adaptive strategy of providing residential services at different performance scales (W11O8), the contingency strategy of mixing areas to create a lively environment (S4T7), the defensive strategy of organizing user systems especially at night to increase visibility (W8T5) and Strengthening public participation (S2O6) as one of the most important strategies for promoting justice in the housing sector is another finding of the present study.

Sustainability paradigm is considered the most common and most commonly used paradigm in the present century. This concept relates to all matters of daily life – the fact، which of course is proven by the introduction of its three dimensions in relation to the society، the economy، and the environment. Many experts believe that the formation of this paradigm is relevant to the development of disturbed environmental conditions due to abnormal development، especially in economic areas. One area to which a great attention has been paid after the development of this paradigm and was known as sustainable urban development was related to cases of urban development، particularly in major cities and following the increase in population of cities. This paradigm sees the city as an ecosystem and tries to provide solutions by which cities become better habitats with higher quality of life for all generations. In these cities، which can be called environmentally friendly cities، humans as well as other creatures will have their own settlements، and there will be minimal energy consumption and waste production and pollution as well. In addition، different indicators have been introduced for the sustainable city، which have been proposed by each expert according to their local conditions and geographical location. This paper is intended to prove the hypothesis that the evolution of environmental movements has led to the formation of sustainable urban development paradigm. To this end، valid internal and external sources have been explored and discussed; and to demonstrate the hypothesis، a closer and more sophisticated look was taken at Brundtland’s development paradigm - as one of the most famous definitions of sustainable development. Finally، a chart was developed، which showed the changing paradigm of the sustainable urban development.

From the most important purposes of sustainable development we can refer to fulfillment of men's social needs in urban spaces. Nowadays the changes happen to the "image" of urban space, resulting from the dramatic development of communication and information, as well as "its objective changes in new urban contexts", resulting from inappropriate understanding of technological development and inefficient copying of imported theories, have led to an opposition between these two. This lack of attention to artificial and natural grounds, as well as culture as the production of nature has led to a damage to identity of the place which is a prerequisite of social life and left the citizens in an identity crisis and made them feel uprooted or at best isolated. That's why it is necessary to create an appropriate urban space with a suitable cultural grounds derived from ecological features, values and identity of the society and joyful urban space with regard to the needs and behavior of the users. This means ecologicalization of urban spaces and making a mutual relationship between social and cultural phenomena, environment and human dimensions. The basis of the present study is designing urban spaces in a cultural ground with ecological approach. At first we specify the necessity to create urban space and then "appropriate model for ecological urban space (street)" is presented through recognizing urban space and ecological concepts, cultural features, and behavioral patterns by means of content analysis and observation. After that we bring forward the criteria of ecological designing in environmental, social-cultural, and behavioral dimensions through analyzing the existing patterns of Yazd's streets –as a case study- in the framework of body, application, and meaning criteria. The findings indicate that thinking globaly about sustainable development through ecological designing of urban spaces at the level of body, application, and meaning can prepare the ground for those who want to replace both this logic and those global traditional values (contemporary or native) and besides, it can protect ecological identity in new urban development, teach new generation, create a sense of attachment to a place, and can improve the quality of the environment and keep the potentiality to live which is the corner stone of the urban sustainable development.

The literature review of increasing construction density shows that it can have positive and negative impacts on urban development and a way to urban consolidation. Nevertheless, it may facilitate urban life and enhance quality of life, as two major topics and subjects in the process toward sustainability and sustainable urban development issues. The literature related to the sustainability indicates that, however, there is no consensus on the strengths and weaknesses of both high density and low density, concerning change of quality of life with change of urban density. The extent of comfort or what a habitat is a pleasant place is not measurable with a single quality indicator. There is a range of necessary quality criteria and indicators to be used to measure the extent of comfort and pleasant place. Various qualities include social, such as social safety and crimes, economic, environmental, accessibility and transportation, the rate of visual disturbances, conflicts, cultural & structural issues, such as peers and privacy, comfort climate, etc. All these attributes are not fixed qualities in terms of space and time. Except the indicator of climatic comfort, other qualities are in terms of value fixed approximately a least throughout country. For instance, all people in all cities demand a habitat with a higher rate of social security or desirable access to pedestrian and automobile, providing a better life conditions. However, the climatic indicators are completely related to place and even time. Indicators of climatic and thermal comfort of the vast country of Iran with different climatic regions and variable climatic conditions in different seasons and years, is not fixed definitely. Despite the use of new materials and possibilities of technology which are not economically costly and pollute environment, this variable indicator which is highly dependent on location, is considered to be fixed by urban planners, designers and architects. Direct effect of climatic factors in the formation of habitats, is a known fact. Considering the climatic characteristics and their effects on the formation of habitats raising the qualitative level of comfort and saving energy require controlling the environmental conditions of spaces. This study intends to show that by considering factors of climatic and thermal comfort in determining construction density, which act as effective factors of life, level of comfort for residents promotes considerably. The study use a new residential neighborhood in the city of Rasht, located in the northern region of Iran, namely Golsar Neighborhood. Location analysis was conducted for each factor. Indicators of construction density, floor ratio and the number of story were analyzed. The findings of the study showed the optimum construction density in the study area. Although the humid climate of the city of Rasht justifies low density and expanded city rationally, increasing population and construction densities is unavoidable, mainly because of valuable agricultural land of the region. Increasing construction density and the number of building stories through decreasing building areas provide positive effects on the city development.