جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « رویت پذیری » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

Historical elements play an important role in enhancing the quality of urban landscapes. A qualitative analysis does not provide accurate information regarding the visual impact of historical and index elements on the urban landscape. Therefore, the application of quantitative methods in landscape analysis can be beneficial. The visibility approach, relying on techniques such as Isovist, has allowed for quantitative analysis of the city. In this research, a two-dimensional Isovist technique is employed to analyze the visibility of the Golestan palace complex as a historical and effective element in creating the quality of the urban landscape from the perspective of users on the Marvi and Panzdah-e Khordad streets. In this regard, the visibility maps of these spaces are produced in the Rhino software and analyzed by Isovist geometric criteria such as area, perimeter, circularity, and compactness. The results show that the Golestan palace complex in Marvi-centered space has very good visibility and boosts the visual quality of this space in the structure of this space. However, in the Panzdah Khordad Square, the visibility of the office buildings is more than the Golestan palace complex, which has weakened the visual quality of the Panzdah Khordad pedestrian way.

Visibility of focal points is the result of visual information on the retina and how the form is perceived. Developing the principles of visibility of focal points requires understanding the visual space in the "horizon dimension" and "distance dimension" and background signals. How can the focal points (urban landmarks) be located based on the visual illusion and the effects of the background (annoying) elements? In general, the purpose of this study is to develop a methodology that can be used to increase the visibility of the focal points of the city by arranging buildings and designing urban space and architecture Research is developmental in terms of nature and causal method in terms of purpose. Geometric modeling and virtual reality techniques were used to measure the relationship between physical structure, visual perception, and visual illusion. A case study of the focal point and indicator of the holy shrine of Razavi and sidewalk buildings of Ayatollah Vaez Tabasi was modeled with sketch up software. Based on the research literature, there is a point (M) in the visual corridor, where, based on binocular vision, the height of the focal point and the marker are equal; before that, the focal point height is perceived higher than the marker height but after that, is perceived smaller. Therefore, based on geometric calculations, the position of point M was modeled according to the height of the focal point-marker and the distance from the focal point to the marker. according to the three-dimensional model of Ayatollah Vaez Tabasi sidewalk to the holy shrine of Imam Reza by virtual reality technique, the accuracy of the model was confirmed. Therefore, the arrangement of urban signs should be done following this issue in urban space.

Nowadays, with the development of cities and urbanization, the need for security in various areas is felt more than ever, yet, it is different from what it was before. Meanwhile, psychological security is considered as one of the main and decisive parts of the security concept in urban spaces which is greatly affected by different variables. One of these variables, the effect of which on the sense of security in a place is the subject of this article, is physical visibility in urban environment. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the visibility of the body of urban squares - as a type of urban space - and the psychological security of the said spaces in the mind of pedestrians. In this context, a review and evaluation will be discussed in Saat and Namaz Squares of Tabriz. In order to evaluate and analyze visual data based on the natural movement of the observer in the urban space, Isovist 3D technique, and Geoweb3D software were used. Moreover, digital interactive modeling (simulated by Unity 3D software) was used to assess the impact of physical changes on visibility and in turn, the psychological security of the environments under study. In this study, from among the various components affecting psychological security in urban spaces, four components, i.e. space, form of space, visual comfort and permeability, were investigated as the most important physical factors affecting the psychological security. The results of assessments carried out showed that spaces with better indices of visibility (such as the volume of visibility, the layout of forms defining the volumetric structure of space, location and dominance of remarkable anchor points visible in space, etc.) are much more effective in altering the perception of the environment compared to other physical aspects, and contribute to a sense of psychological security. This research is a descriptive-analytic and applied research and field, library and documentary methods (with interviews and questionnaires) were used for data collections. Also, visual data analysis modeling has been utilized. The results of data analyses show that Saat Square of Tabriz, with limited sight range and more spatially defined familiarity, is more successful compared to Namaz square in providing a better and safer place in the minds of citizens.

Today, the issue of visibility assessment and visual impact (dominance) of a building on its surrounding context is considered as one of the most important issues of urban landscape. Accordingly, this paper analyzes the visibility of two high-rise buildings in the center and west of Sanandaj using raw input data and processing them by GIS and ArcGis 10. For the visibility analysis in urban landscape, the mutual visibility between high-rise building and its surrounding area is calculated. This is done traditionally by taking photos from urban areas. However, in this method, the whole region is studied by considering all points and places. The available vegetation such as trees with an approximate transparency ratio is considered to obtain more accurate results. Also, for better evaluation of differences between the amount and trend of visibility, the areas around both buildings (region number 1 is relatively flat and has a river-valley with low depth and mild slope; region number 2 involves dune hills) were classified into the close, intermediate and far fields. The visibility of these two high-rise buildings in their surrounding areas is in the form of output GIS images which is calculated separately for both buildings and all their floors. It means that for building number 1, which has 17 floors, 17 output maps of visibility to surrounding areas are obtained by the software. Also, for building number 2 with 14 floors, 14 output visibility maps are obtained. The findings show that visibility trend of different floors of these two buildings is not a constant and linear trend, it has variations in some points. Among these points, visibility and its effect, relative to surrounding areas, is more important than other floors in the triple fields. The points where visibility curve has track change, steep change and sudden increase show the greater importance of their visibility and their relative dominance than other floors. These floors can visually have more effect on their surrounding environment. Therefore, the design style of these particular floors (milestones in the visibility curve) in high-rise buildings can be important. The changes in floors visibility trend and their values were different for the two buildings. By evaluating the related diagrams, the reasons for this difference were found in three cases: first, the difference in average height of buildings around of two buildings; second, the difference between the tilt around the two buildings; and third, the dune hill in region number 2. Finally, we can say that visibility analysis is considered to be a tool for modeling the visibility in planning high-rise buildings. Before constructing such buildings, visibility analysis can be an effective method to estimate that a floor or an apartment will or will not have a good view after completion. Therefore, this tool can be used to investigate the positive or negative value of a region. Also, the extent to which a building is or is not visible can be very important in decisions about determining the height of a building relative to its surrounding texture (especially in cities with historically valuable texture and touristic landscape).

The role of design in ensuring safety and security in the residential environment is more than ever before. This means that the necessary tools should be provided to create some self-surveillance capabilities in the environment. The physical environment should be designed in such a way that opportunities for residents have improved monitoring and in turn, reduce the opportunities for criminal acts. But sometimes due to inappropriate use of architectural elements and ignorance designers from the effects of these elements on the environment, such features taken from the environment or are weakened.
This study examines the impact of security on the courtyard walls of the inhabitants of the villages of Turkmen folk in Gonbad-e Kavus. Based on preliminary studies and theoretical frameworks to make the content more secure homes with transparent walls around the courtyard with solid walls courtyards, led increase resident's fear of crime in proportion to the increase of wall rigidity. The following hypotheses were considered for this study: It seems that the visual openness wall has an impact on the security perceived by residents. It also increases the rigidity of the wall of the yard. A sense of isolation and vulnerability of the residents and houses increase fear of crime inside them. In this study, one of the villages in the Turkmen city of Gonbad-e Kavus has been chosen as the study sample. The research methodology is Non-interference observation and a questionnaire package. Since the independent variable is continuous and quantitative, we could record it at the location. Some of the physical characteristics of the study area are needed to conduct a research on. Observation and records of the condition of the walls of the courtyard are done. On the other hand, the security (both physical and mental) and on related issues such as crime rate, resident's sense of security, spatial and temporal characteristics of the crime and so on, are not measurable through observation, hence closed questionnaire has been prepared for this purpose. The research method is descriptive analysis, correlating and considering the objectives applicable
The vulnerability of both types of houses with transparent walls and homes with rigid walls and the impact of each on the rate of sense of security and the fear of crime in their residents were evaluated. Both the data gathered from observation and questionnaires were distributed and collected after completion, logical reasoning and statistical analysis were evaluated. The analysis showed that the existence of a type of the security wall for units and residential of neighborhoods in the villages of Turkmen in Gonbad-e Kavus has a significant positive impact. In other words, with increasing visual openness of courtyard wall of rural house, security and safety of house resident’s increases. In the past, rural house without the yard has provided more security for residents and the rate of occurrence of crime in the countryside to reduce the intensity. Today, adding the walls of the courtyard to rural houses as an imitation of cities and villages have been experiencing insecurity. The type of constructed wall based on the amount of transparency effect on affect the rate of home security not to mention their resident security.
The results showed that not always building tall rigid walls around the rural houses in a naturally virgin environment comes with security. Otherwise, in places where self-surveillance is less natural and more difficult, their high walls attractive to thieves and thus constituting a threat to the security of the houses and its residents. Also, most importantly than security is a sense of security that people feel relaxed and free from all fear and anxiety caused by the state.