جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "سیاست گذاری" در نشریات گروه "هنر و معماری"

Tourism is a set of complex interactions between tourists, tourism service providers, host communities, source and destination governments, universities and non-governmental organizations. These interactions are formed in the process of attracting, moving, hosting and managing tourists and visitors and help the development and dynamism of this industry. The tourism industry has always been of interest since the past decades due to having diverse recreational resources and suitable access. This attention in particular has boosted local economies and brought many benefits to the community. The purpose of this article is to identify tourism components in the regional development of Marand city. The method of the current research is practical and developmental in terms of purpose, because it was carried out with the aim of identifying and building a conceptual model of the role of tourism in regional development in the city of Marand, and its nature is exploratory. This research has been conducted in a combined (qualitative-quantitative) data type. The findings of the research show that six components of service, cultural, natural, economic, and infrastructure explain tourism by 83%, and among the components of the research, the most influential on tourism in the regional development of Marand are infrastructure, management, cultural, natural, and service. and economic values ​​are 0.929, 0.882, 0.771, 0.723, 0.715 and 0.650 respectively. The results of the research show that the value of statistics in the research model for the variables shows that among the 6 variables whose effects on the tourism variable in the regional development of Marand have been investigated, the economic self-sufficiency variable has the lowest value of the statistics (350/ 0) and because they are less than the standard statistic value of 1.96, therefore the effect of this last variable is not significant. But the rest of the variables are significant and have assigned the highest amount of statistics.

The present research was conducted with the aim of presenting a policy model in the field of dealing with educational crises in public universities of Tehran province. This research was applied in terms of purpose and also, in terms of data type, it was mixed (qualitative-quantitative) of the exploratory type, which was systematic in the qualitative part of the data and descriptive-survey in the quantitative part. The statistical community in the qualitative part included academic and organizational experts and in the quantitative part all faculty members of the public universities of Tehran province. The sample size in the qualitative part was 18 interviewees according to the principle of saturation and the purposeful sampling method and in the quantitative part 312 people based on the calculation of the sample size in structural equations among 8719 faculty members of the public universities of Tehran province and the sampling method Staged clusters were randomly selected. The data collection tool was semi-structured interviews in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire with 96 items taken from the qualitative part in the quantitative part. The method of data analysis in the qualitative part of thematic analysis and in the quantitative part included descriptive and inferential statistics (one-sample t-test and structural equation modeling). As a result, 96 primary concepts (open code) and 21 main concepts (central code) were obtained, which in the form of a paradigm model includes 6 selected codes: causal factors (4 components and 16 indicators), contextual factors (3 components and 20 indicators), strategic factors (5 components and 15 indicators), intervening factors (3 components and 12 indicators), main phenomenon (2 components and 19 indicators) and consequences (4 components and 14 indicators) were presented.

The role of privacy and its place in the social structure is one of the characteristics of Iranian house architecture, which can attract the attention of researchers and designers by knowing what happened during historical periods. The purpose of this article is to explain the place of privacy in the spatial configuration of Dezful houses in the Pahlavi period and it tries to answer the question: what is the place of privacy in the micro-spaces of Pahlavi houses in Dezful? And it is based on the assumption that privacy has been considered in these micro-spaces. The present research was conducted using a combined method, based on quantitative data extracted from A-Graph software and their analysis using logical reasoning method. 10 houses from among the houses of Dezful in the Pahlavi period were selected as Study samples and in a purposeful way according to the originality of the samples, and three indicators of space syntax, including "mean depth, relative asymmetry, and integration" were investigated in these houses. The results of this research indicate that the micro-spaces related to Dezful houses in the Pahlavi period can be classified into three levels of micro-spaces with "high, medium and low" privacy and the juxtaposition of these three levels has created a spatial hierarchy in the configuration of Pahlavi period houses in Dezful.

Simultaneously with the growing trend of urbanization in Iran and the social and economic developments of the cities, inadequacies in the social and economic fields have disrupted life in the cities. In the meantime, technological growth and progress in the last few decades has created new perspectives on the effects of information and communication technology in the city. In such a situation, the smart city has been considered by planners as a strategy to reduce the problems of urban population growth and rapid urbanization. Urmia, as the tenth most populated city in the country and the second largest city in the northwest of the country, has seen significant growth in recent decades, Therefore, it will be an important issue to measure and evaluate the feasibility of the smart city indicators and examine and solve the challenges ahead in the development process of this city. The current research under the title of evaluating the realization of smart city indicators in Iranian cities is a case study of Urmia city in terms of method, descriptive-analytical and in terms of practical purpose, which was initially prepared using library studies, existing documents and information on the theoretical charge of smart cities, and since the main goal of this research is to evaluate the realization of smart city indicators. Therefore, it is a survey research and in the end, SPSS software and VIKOR model will be used as tools to analyze the data collected in the study area for data analysis and to calculate the validity and reliability of the questionnaire.

The Covid-19 pandemic has become a health problem due to its high rate of transmission and rapid spread worldwide. Therefore, in recent years, many researchers have investigated and spatially analyzed the covid-19 disease with different factors in order to policy and better manage these conditions. Therefore, in this research, by choosing the city of Gerash in Fars province as an example of the southern cities of the country, the efficiency of the GWR model was measured to determine the high-risk areas of death due to corona disease in different age groups.
In this research, the geographic weighted regression (GWR) model has been used to investigate the relationship between deaths caused by Corona in Gerash city and different age groups and spatial modeling for urban policy .
The results showed that among the 10 age groups, one of them, that is, the age group of 61-70 years old, has a significant relationship with the number of deaths, and the highest degree of correlation can be seen in the west of Gerash city, followed by the highest degree of correlation, respectively. It is 0.97 to the north, 0.92 to the center and 0.88 to the south
The specified places are economically weaker than other parts of the city, and the sections of society that are economically weaker are more vulnerable than other sections. Also, the practical results of the GWR model and its high power for modeling will help managers and planners to identify the critical points of pandemic conditions and use them for policy and better management.

Today, the limitation of fossil energy and the degeneration of the environment affected by the increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide resulting from its use and other difficulties and shortages of electricity, along with increasing energy demand, especially in developing countries, are valid and necessary evidence that makes use of clean and accessible resources, such as solar energy, in abundance. Due to its location on the Earth's solar belt, Iran has a wide potential for the use of solar energy. There are ways to use solar energy and generate electricity, including CSP technology for solar thermal power plants or photovoltaic systems. In this research, using GRASSHOPPER software, we have investigated the effect of shade and other effective indicators in optimizing energy consumption by examining the condition of traditional and contemporary houses, considering the materials used in these houses in Shiraz, and the energy results for them have been evaluated and compared in different months.

The city as a geographical, economic, political and sociological reality in each period of its development has been influenced by each of these factors and has influenced each of them. The complexity of each of these factors has created the complexity of the city as their spatial crystallization. Certainly, organizing and regulating the city and how it grows and evolves requires the thematics of the city and urban issues and then planning for it. In general, the belief in improving the environment is one of the sources of the idea of ​​urban planning and perhaps its most important ideology. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the detailed plan of Tehran Region 1 with emphasis on livability. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical methodology. In order to evaluate the content validity of the assessment tool, the questionnaires were provided to experts and specialists in the field. Findings show that the structural variable was the only variable that could only directly affect the efficiency and effectiveness of the detailed design. According to the results of regression analysis, the legal and executive variables have both directly and indirectly affected the efficiency and effectiveness of the detailed plan. The direct and indirect effects for the legal and executive variables are 0.429 and 0.201, respectively.

Today, the approach of threats is changing from hard to soft and relying on psychological operations in societies. By persuading and changing their behavior, crises and colorful revolutions arise in them; therefore, to cope passive defense functions are effective; and the role of institutions and policymakers in opening such spaces should not be neglected. Social capital is one of the most important indicators of the growth of societies. This concept, which has entered politics from social sciences, has a wide impact on the relationship between government and society. The main question of the research is, what effect has the functioning of the country's eight passive defense policies had on social capital in Iran? The case study method is contextual; in the quantitative analysis section, the "multiple linear regression" method of "eight independent variables" is used on "dependent variable". The statistical population is 17 people in the qualitative part and 140 people in the quantitative part of experts in interdisciplinary sciences. The results indicate that the function of the eight passive defense policies on the components of social capital is significant and their impact on the components of social capital is different and significant.

Problem statement:

 The complex and valuable structures of World Heritage Cities, as historical profiles and identities of societies, have emerged and developed throughout history and have been inherited from one generation to another. Due to the physical, social, and cultural significance of these cities, numerous researchers have tried to apply novel approaches to conserving and managing them. Also, over the years, many international institutions have been trying to present guidelines following modern management methods focusing on the active role of local communities. However, considering its specific physical, social, and cultural structure, each of these cities requires a tailored operational management structure, and applying a one-size-fits-all management approach in all societies is not feasible.

This article mainly aims to examine the efficacy of the international charters’ guidelines in enhancing community participation in the conservation and management of World Heritage Cities and presenting a flexible applied framework for effectively implementing such an approach in these cities.

While applying a content analysis method to rank the guidelines of the international charters that include an approach to increasing community participation in the management of World Heritage Cities, this article examines the process of conservation and management in eight cities. Then, by comparing the findings, it discusses the efficacy of these guidelines in increasing community participation.

The results show that the active role of local communities in the conservation and management process of World Heritage Cities is essential. Its implementation requires conformity to the guidelines presented by international organizations in the field of managing historical cities. In implementing this process, the recommendations of the charters must be localized to the structural features of any given context to achieve the highest possible efficacy of the community participation approach.

The built environment is constantly changing, which, due to its dynamic nature, make it impossible to interrupt, because it means rigidity and stops, which leads to its decline. Unfortunately, the historic centers of cities have often been abandoned in the process of urban development, and due to limitations of somehow conservative policies and lack of dynamic and responsive design strategies, it is not possible to adapt to the needs of residents in such contexts and become lifeless centers in the city. The historical context of Gorgan, despite the many ups and downs it has experienced, still has a special quality. The spontaneous and organic patterns of context are influenced by its location and the historical roots of the formation of neighborhoods, paths, and important historical elements of the city. The mismatch between development control policies and dynamic processes of change over time has led to a decline in context quality. Nature as a model that goes through a similar process of growth and decline and uses effective strategies for 3.8 billion years can be a good model for inspiration. Nature's systems maintain their dynamism by controlling their growth and decline in a cyclical process. The mimicry of organisms and ecosystems is often termed ‘biomimicry’. Biomimicry is the emulation of strategies seen in the living world as a basis for human design. Another nature-inspired concept that is used in this study is the adaptive cycle. The Adaptive Cycle is inspired by a cyclical process that ensures the survival of the ecosystem. This study aims to explore the characteristics of ecosystems and the feasibility of their application in the time-sensitive policy-making process to regenerate the historical context of Gorgan. The methodology of research is based on descriptive-analytical approaches. In this regard, the study of thought-provoking commonalities between the fields of biomimicry and urban design has provided the possibility of explaining the theoretical framework and providing a mechanism to evaluate changes in both substantive and procedural dimensions. Substantive and procedural evaluation of change provide an analytical look over challenges the context faced in two time periods. By reviewing the existing literature on the characteristics of ecosystems, four key concepts of adaptive capacity, self-organization, identity preservation, and interactions were extracted. Seven criteria of harmony with nature, latency, polyvalent spaces and diversity, indeterminacy, heterogeneity, modularity, and connection that have spatial dimensions were introduced for applying these key concepts in urban design. Identifying the challenges that the context has faced in different periods shows that the policy-making process doesn’t follow a dynamic path. It needs to consider the policymaking process in a cyclical and non-linear view. To this end, the research result is the time-sensitive policy making model which guide and control regenerative policies by phasing actions based on the adaptive cycle. These measures are presented according to the analysis of the current situation of the context in the form of a model for defining projects in four phases of rehabilitation and renovation, pioneers and public infrastructure services, identity developer, and conservative projects.

In recent years, an increasing number of social studies have investigated and evaluated how public policy decisions and urban governance impact citizens’ quality of life and happiness. Historically, good governance has been regarded as a key factor affecting citizens’ happiness, and the best societies are often judged by their citizens’ level of happiness. Due to the limited number of studies in this field and the critical state of happiness among Iranian citizens, this issue requires attention. The research was conducted based on a systematic review of Google Scholar, Sage, Taylor, and Francis, and science direct databases from 2000 to 2022 with an aim of identifying the government factors affecting the happiness of citizens. In total, 402 related articles were identified, and a review and classification process was conducted after each article was carefully examined and thoroughly reviewed. According to the findings of the study, political-legal, economic-financial, functional, and social dimensions contribute to citizens’ happiness, while democracy, freedom, justice, and social trust, citizens’ participation in decision-making processes, and considering happiness policies were the most frequently used indicators. The findings show the importance of democracy, justice, and social trust indicators. The findings of this research can help policymakers and metropolitan and government planners improve citizens’ quality of life and happiness.

Today, housing is one of the most basic human needs. In the past, access to a suitable shelter and housing was one of the most important issues that human beings have always struggled with and tried to build a suitable shelter for themselves to protect themselves from natural hazards. Housing is examined from various dimensions. Its most important function is economic function, which accounts for more than %05 of the monthly household income. In addition to the economic dimension, housing is alsosocially and physically important. Due to job creation and connection with many other economic sectors, the housing sector acts as a suitable tool for the implementation of economic and development policies. Therefore, governments with various economic, social and political characteristics have taken action to solve housing-related problems and in this regard, have implemented various policies and programs to provide housing for vulnerable urban groups. In the meantime, the vulnerable groups of the city, as the incapable group in providing housing for themselves, should be given more attention in targeting housing policy. Recognition and study of housing status depends on identifying and analyzing the factors affecting housing. This article also identifies the effective factors in housing policy of vulnerable urban groups in order to study housing policies.

,1In the general policies of the system, passive defense is a set of unarmed actions that increase deterrence, reduce vulnerability, continue essential activities, promote national stability and facilitate crisis management against enemy threats and military actions. And issues such as trust, norms and networks and increase efficiency, communication, creativity, solving community problems and .... Some of its characteristics (participation, cohesion, etc.) are social. The purpose of this research is to achieve the extent of the impact of the country's passive defense policies on social capital and the method of doing it, case-context and its type, applied-development. The statistical population of a number of related experts is estimated at 400 people, the sample size is estimated based on the Cochran's formula of 100. The results indicate that the implementation of passive defense policies of the social system (participation and cohesion) depends on the extent of this study in a small area. Suggestions have been made in this regard.

With respect to expansion and development of high rise buildings in Iran and their high energy consumption, it is vital to apply certain solutions in order to reduce the energy consumption. Shells and its components are the most essentials factors which impact in energy consumption. Regarding the importance of present research, the relation of openings and energy consumption in high rise building and Tehran’s climatic conditions is discussed. In this research, the basic model of research in regard to annual energy consumption has been stimulated by eQuest. In this process, the opening ratio in basic model is considered 10% and then other tests with 80%, 60%, 40%, 20% as a whole and direction to direction have been carried out. The result displays that the opening ratio and annual energy consumption of research model have a direct relationship in such a way that the reduction of opening ration up to 20% can almost reduce the annual energy consumption to 17%. Also, the effectiveness of opening ration differs in different buildings directions. The priority is given to south, east, west and north.