جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "شبیه سازی مصرف انرژی" در نشریات گروه "هنر و معماری"

The choice of glass has continuously played an important role in the physical structure of Islamic architecture and this selection has a direct impact on energy consumption. Meanwhile, azure blue as one of the most common colors in Islamic architecture, has received special attention. The present study seeks to study the type of indoor skylights in commercial complexes of Mashhad due to its importance in the amount of cooling load; heating; lighting, ventilation and indoor temperature. Due to this prominence, in the present study, by using a comparative research method; the most suitable type of glass in commercial complexes with indoor skylights is simulated using Builder Design software. For this purpose, primarily, the Almas Sharq Complex of Mashhad was simulated in software and then in order to determine the most appropriate type of interior skylight in commercial complexes, in terms of the effect on heating load, cooling, lighting, ventilation and temperature in the commercial complex; five types of glass were selected in two Hvac states, on and off. It was found that in the Almas Sharq complex of Mashhad in regard to the type of glass applied, the Thermochromics glass is the most suitable type of glass in order to reduce the temperature by 10%, and increase the entry of natural light in the cold and dry climate commercial complexes of Mashhad in both modes of ventilation system on and off.

The increased average of non-renewable energy consumption in the residential sector and not using the passive techniques, which are often based on the vernacular architecture concepts and principles and climate, have led to energy waste and increased costs. Due to humidity and excessive heat in summer at noon, Amol exceeds the thermal comfort and needs natural ventilation. The current study aims to study the effect of dimensions and layout of the opening on the natural ventilation and reduction of energy consumption. First, reviewing the research background, natural ventilation was determined as the main component of the building design in this climate, and the operational principles of the stated component were extracted using Climate Consultant. Among the operational principles, the value of the opening area was determined as the main criterion of the climate design using the AHP method. With simulating a one-story residential building with an area of 75 square meters in Amol’s climate in Envi-Met software and inputting climate information obtained from Climate Consultant analysis in Envi-met, the wind direction was north and north-western. The building understudy was simulated in Design Builder software. By comparing the window to surface percentage ratio and annual energy consumption, the ratio of 30% with the minimum energy consumption equivalent to 6839.87 kwh was considered the criterion for studying the opening effect. Windows of the residential building were considered as three parts to study the effect of the opening dimensions. In northern and southern sides where one-third of the window was closed, the minimum energy consumption value as the total of thermal and cooling loads was 7298.93 kwh, indicating the effects of the dimensions of the opening in the natural ventilation of the building in the humid and moderate climate.

Today, with the rapid depletion of fossil energy sources and increasing of environmental problems, supervision and management of energy consumption becomes more important. Looking at the breakdown of energy consumption by sectors, the buildings sector is seen as one of the priority areas. About 40% of energy consumption of the residential buildings in Iran is fossil fuel-derived. In recent years, housing units increased significantly in Tehran as the largest and most populous city of Iran and targeted subsidies policy is implemented and energy costs have gone up. Therefore providing solutions to reduce energy consumption in this sector is very important. Windows are one of the most important components of building thermal coating that affect the energy efficiency and environmental thermal comfort. It is obvious windows play a critical role in saving energy because about 30% of the total energy loss occurs through them. Therefore the evaluation of the optimal window type and window to wall ratio in the first phase of architectural design, plays an important role in the energy efficiency and improving the quality of indoor environment. The main objective of this paper is to present an approach that provides assistance for designers to select optimal ratio of window to wall for residential buildings concerning economic analysis that affect this assessment. In this research, a building model as a case study (the six-story apartment in the city of Tehran) is considered and then its energy consumption optimized via simulation software. Based on the simulations, two optimization parameters, window to wall ratio and type of windows, are evaluated. In this regard, at the first phase, four types of window glazing with same size in four main orientations and a window to wall ratio of 5 to 55% on residential building was simulated to determine the optimized window to wall ratio through evaluating of energy consumption. At the next step, optimized windows in three directions was considered on building model for simulations of energy consumption and then optimized windows in terms of energy efficiency was identified. Finally, for economic analysis of the use of optimal windows, a newly designed building that uses the optimal window is economically compared to a house that is architecturally and structurally similar to existing buildings and has more energy consumption. The energy costs, payback period and internal rate of return of these two buildings are compared to find the economical differences. The results show that energy consumption of residential buildings in Tehran reduced up to 20/3% only by using high performance windows and optimum wall to window ratio. It can be concluded that the influence and sensitivity of window-wall ratio on the total energy consumption are related to the orientation of outside window, and the glazing types of window. The window orientations could be prioritized in the following order: south, east, west, and north. Also according to the current price of fuel in Iran and the 17/8 years payback period that Obtained from economic analysis, the additional initial cost will be offset by the proposed policies.

Sustainable development as a process for meeting human development goals has an undeniable impact on all aspects of human life while sustaining the ability of natural systems to continue to provide the natural resources. In spite of worldwide climate change problems caused by fossil fuel use, energy consumption levels in Iran are already high and continue to rise each year. About 40% of energy consumed by the residential buildings in this country is fossil fuel-derived. Therefore providing solutions to reduce energy consumption in this sector is very important.Tehran is the largest city of Iran and significant amounts of energy are consumed in this city. However, due to its location in semi-arid climatic region, it benefits from high sun’s radiation even in winter and low relative humidity of the air. There is high potential for energy conservation in residential buildings of Tehran. Therefore the introduction of energy efficient buildings in this city would have a significant overall impact on national energy consumption levels.Nowadays, sun shading devices are one of the most efficient elements to manage the interaction between the interiors and exteriors of buildings. They can significantly reduce cooling energy demand, improve thermal comfort, prevent the heat loss in the winter and reduce potential glare problems in residential ( (also in office and commercial) buildings.Sun shading devices can be categorized according to their placement as interior, exterior and mid-pane. Result of research and studies shows that the effectiveness increase 35% by using outside shade protection instead of inside one. This research is aware of this fact that optimized internal sun shading devices are not comparable with the external sun shading devices in efficiency and performance. Although due to the increased utilization of them in the residential buildings, this research studied the internal sun shading devices and determined the optimized internal sun shading system, and then analyzed its effect on the energy consumption in the residential building model.In this study at the first phase, the combination of four types of internal sun shading devices with three types of windows are evaluated by the Parasol simulation software to determine the optimized internal sun shading system. Simulations show that the double glazed transparent window with white dense reflective Blind ( (as optimized sun shading system), has most appropriate thermal behavior.At the next step, a building model as a case study ( (The six-story apartment in the city of Tehran) was considered for simulations of energy consumption. The Building Calc. software was applied for energy simulations and heating, cooling and total energy consumption of building was calculated with and without optimized internal sun shading system. The result shows that efficiency of internal sun shading devices increase by using dense texture, high reflectance and low transfer rate.Energy consumption of residential buildings in Tehran reduced up to 14% only by using optimized internal sun shading system. This method could be one of the best solutions to reduce the energy demand in residential buildings because of the large coordination with Iran’s economic, cultural and social conditions.Keywords: Sustainable development, Energy conservation, Sun shading system, Internal sun shading device, Energy consumption simulation.

: With respect to expansion and development of high rise buildings in Iran and their high energy consumption, it is vital to apply certain solutions in order to reduce the energy consumption. Shells and its components are the most essentials factors which impact in energy consumption. Regarding the importance of present research, the relation of openings and energy consumption in high rise building and Tehran’s climatic conditions is discussed. In this research, the basic model of research in regard to annual energy consumption has been stimulated by eQuest. In this process, the opening ratio in basic model is considered 10% and then other tests with 80%, 60%, 40%, 20% as a whole and direction to direction have been carried out. The result displays that the opening ratio and annual energy consumption of research model have a direct relationship in such a way that the reduction of opening ration up to 20% can almost reduce the annual energy consumption to 17%. Also, the effectiveness of opening ration differs in different buildings directions. The priority is given to south, east, west and north.