جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "فالنامه طهماسبی" در نشریات گروه "هنر و معماری"

The Shiite painting of the afterlife judgment from Tahmasbi's Falnama was written and painted in (967-962 AH) by order of Shah Tahmasb Safavi in Qazvin city. During his reign, Shah Tahmasab tried to stabilize Shiism. The iconologic reading of the Shiite paintings of Tahmasbi's Falnama can refer to the hidden meaning and values of the society of that period. The iconology approach deals with the content of the artwork in the context of a civilization. Erwin Panofsky (1892-1968) presented this approach in a methodical way and expressed three levels of meaning ( Pre - Iconographic Description , Iconographic Analysis , Iconological Interpretation ) for reading the artwork. The main purpose of this research is how to analyze the iconology of the afterlife judgment painting from Tahmasbi's Falnama with Erwin Panofsky's opinions and The secondary goal is to investigate the values of Shah Tahmasab's period, which the painter consciously or unconsciously reflected in the painting . Therefore , it is looking for answers to these questions : With its iconographic reading, the painting was influenced by what historical and religious texts ? What institutionalized values and beliefs of the society are reflected in the afterlife judgment painting ? This research is conducted in a qualitative and comparative - analytical manner , and the method of collecting materials was done in a library manner and with an iconological approach. Finally, it was concluded that due to the importance of establishing Shiism in Qazvin city, in the center of the painting, the role of establishing justice by Imam Ali on the Day of Judgment has been emphasized. Shah Ismail has been transformed in the form of the Prophet and Shah Tahmasab in the form of Hazrat Ali and has been depicted in the expression of succession, righteousness and justice; Also, Shah Tahmasab has used art and the position of a religious-mythical figure in people's belief to implement the laws he established in prohibiting sin and establishing his Shiism and legitimacy. This research is conducted in a qualitative and comparative - analytical manner , and the method of collecting materials was done in a library manner and with an iconological approach. Finally, it was concluded that due to the importance of establishing Shiism in Qazvin city, in the center of the painting, the role of establishing justice by Imam Ali on the Day of Judgment has been emphasized. Shah Ismail has been transformed in the form of the Prophet and Shah Tahmasab in the form of Hazrat Ali and has been depicted in the expression of succession, righteousness and justice; Also, Shah Tahmasab has used art and the position of a religious-mythical figure in people's belief to implement the laws he established in prohibiting sin and establishing his Shiism and legitimacy.

Monotheistic and Abrahamic religions have promised their followers the Day of Resurrection, which is the time of reckoning for all. In the holy books of these religions, there are many verses and propositions about the manner of resurrection and the quality of reward and punishment, as well as the details of the resurrection of humans on the Day of Resurrection. The story of the dead coming back to life, the resurrection, and heaven and hell are among these themes. In the Christian religion, in different eras, this event has been tried to be depicted in different ways based on the religious texts in the Bible and the interpretations of the elders of this religion. However, in the Islamic world, such an approach has been more limited, and only in a few famous paintings resurrection scenes have been depicted following the verses of the Holy Quran and religious traditions. The following article examines and compares two works with the theme of Doomsday. The Mahshar Desert (Doomsday Desert) painting by Tahmasabi's Falnameh is based on Quranic verses and Islamic and Shia traditions and the painting of The Last Judgment by Fra Angelico is based on the themes of the Bible and Christian beliefs. Falnama Tahmasabi's Mahshar desert painting and Fra Angelico's painting of the afterlife judgment are two examples of similarities in terms of the system of visual signs and the history of their creation. The above-mentioned Falnama painting is the only work among Islamic works with resurrection themes, similar to the paintings of the Christian world. On the other hand, each of these works was created based on the religious texts present in their religion, and here, between these texts and visual works, there are hypertextual relationships that can help to investigate the reasons for these similarities.The hypertextuality approach is a part of Gérard Genet's theory of transtextuality, which examines the influence and inspiration between a text and an earlier text. A hypertext is a text created from a previous text (pretext) during a transformative process. According to Gerard Genet's multitextual approach, verses of the Qur'an and Shia traditions, as well as statements from the Testaments about the resurrection and the day of resurrection, are considered as the pretexts and important sources of the mentioned paintings.The Mahshar desert painting is one of the 50 horoscope paintings available in the Dresden library. This work was created in the Qazvin school in the 16th century by the order of Shah Tahmasb Safavid and in the royal workshops. Horoscope books became widespread with the rise of the Safavid dynasty in Iran, especially Shah Tahmasb, along with the expansion of Shiite thought, and several prominent fortune-telling books were also illustrated . In this painting, Prophets and divine saints are drawn at the top of the image, next to the Tuba tree and the water fountain, watching the Day of Judgment and the establishment of justice by God's will and by Prophet Muhammad(PBUH) and Imam Ali (SAW). The close angels are also holding this scene; from the angel carrying the scales and the one playing the trumpet, to the agents of doom. On the left side of the picture, you can see heaven and heavenly homes, and at the bottom of the picture, hell is drawn, and in the middle of the picture, people are waiting for divine judgment with their deeds. This picture is unique because it includes all the parts of the resurrection.The second work is the Last Judgment painting by Fra Angelico, which was created between 1432 and 1435 and is currently kept in the San Marco Museum in Florence, Italy. This painting was created for the Camaldolese Convent Santa Maria del Angeli monastery in Florence. In this painting, the mighty judge invites the believers with his right hand and guides them to heaven, and with his left hand, he rejects the damned and shows them hell. Three rows of angels surround Christ. Below his place, an angel is holding a cross and two other angels are playing trumpets. The Virgin Mary, John, the apostles, and fourteen other saints are placed in two rows on both sides of Christ, like the assessors of the judge. In the lower part of the painting to the left of Christ, the cursed people are driven to the seven pits that correspond to the seven deadly sins. Deep in the abyss, a demon named Lucifer devours three damned souls. All the inhabitants of hell are naked, but the damned who have not yet crossed the threshold of death are clothed. On the right side of Jesus, the redeemed are seen, some kneeling and giving thanks, others being greeted by angels.the research questions of the present study are: 1- What are the similarities and differences between the two paintings mentioned with different pretexts?  2- What role did different pretexts have in creating two paintings with a similar theme? The current research aims to analyze the two mentioned artworks, based on the degree of influence of their pretexts, using the theoretical foundations of Gérard Genet's Hypertextuality. This analysis will lead to a recovery of the scope of the influence of the two Islamic and Christian arts on each other. The lack of attention to the religious concepts in the works of art and the similar themes among the artistic representations of Abrahamic religions indicates the necessity of conducting this research. The current research is descriptive-analytical with a comparative approach and data collection was done through a library.By comparing the textual symbolic system with the visual symbolic system, between the studied paintings and their textual and verbal pretexts, it is obvious that the mentioned paintings, in most parts, follow their pretexts exactly. In a few parts of Falnameh's painting, some text topics have been transferred to the image in a transformed form. In addition, the visual signs of these two works were matched based on the equal verbal signs in the pretexts, as well as equal visual elements. These tables provide the possibility of evaluating the existence of a relationship or the impact of one of these works on the other.The results of the investigations show that despite the existence of many similarities between the mentioned paintings, due to the similarities of their pretexts with each other, it is not possible to issue a definitive verdict about the influence of these two artworks on each other.What shown on the comparative tables illuminates that in each of the two works considered in the current research, the hypertext is relatively consistent with its verbal and cultural pretexts, and both works adhere to their religious foundations to a large extent. On the one hand, there is a lot of correspondence between the visual signs of the Mahshar Falnameh desert and the last judgment of Fra Angelico, based on the verbal signs in the pretexts. On the other hand, the elements and signs in the two works are in complete agreement with each other and there is merely a slight difference between the composition of the two works of art. In addition, the presence of a Tuba tree above the work of the Mahshar desert, and the way the judges, Prophet Muhammad(PBUH) and Ali(SAW), stand in the middle of the painting is different from the painting by Fra Angelico.In the comparative studies that took place in this research between the hypertexts and their pretexts, it was found that despite minor differences, the many similarities between the works show the similarity of the narratives of these two religions about judgment in the afterlife. Paying attention to comparative studies between works of art with common religious themes can be of interest to art scholars in future research. The results of these studies can lead to the discovery of intertextual relationships and artistic influences, in addition to emphasizing equal pretexts.

Fortune-telling of the book of omens during the sixteenth/tenth centuries in Iran and also during the Ottoman reign was a common and admired method of foretelling in the Safavid and Ottoman court. At first, artistic manuscripts such as the Shah Tahmasepi book of omens emerged followed by a copy of this illustrated manuscripts that was ordered by the minister of Sultan Ahmad the first “Qalandar Pasha” to be presented it to the Ottoman Sultan. In this current paper which is written in a descriptive and analytic approach strives to compare the form, content and concepts applied in the two omen books of Sultan Ahmad the first of the Ottoman era and the Shah Tahmasepi book of the Safavid era. The results show that the artistic traditions of the book of omens related to the first century of the Safavid era both in terms of appearance and structure and also in regard to conceptual and content matters have influenced the Ottoman book of omens; in other words, Ottoman artists have been highly influenced by Persian artists in creating such unique works of art. This influence is so strong that even Shi’ah concepts applied in Persian omen books have been imitated into Ottoman art. This occurred during the strong religious conflict that that was present between the two Islamic powers of the region; hence this commonality could be due to the some degree of alliance between the two Sultans of Shi’ah and Sunni.