جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « محیط مسکونی » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

Numerous interpretations and standards have been mentioned for appropriate housing and models of its realization. The residents’ role as a factor in determining and stabilizing the quality of housing is indisputable. From this point of view, residents' satisfaction as a factor determining and stabilizing the desirability of housing has been investigated and analyzed from countless dimensions. These patterns change according to the geographical region and culture. Even research designates that people living in the same house do not have the same understanding of satisfaction with the conditions, which may change depending on several indicators. This research aims to redefine the patterns of the desirability of the existing residential environment based on the satisfaction indicators of the residents in Tabriz City. According to the historical background geographical, social, and political situation of this city, the need to pay attention to it is quite perceptible. From this point of view, this article seeks to answer these questions. In this regard, the leading research has proceeded with the hypothesis that in terms of explaining the patterns of desirability in the field of housing in the region, there is an effective relationship with a positive and meaningful influence between the factors affecting satisfaction with a high factor load and the desirability of the residential environment based on the ideals of the residents exists, which can lead to redefining the patterns of the desirability of the residential environment based on the ideals of the satisfaction of the people of Tabriz.

The present research has a practical nature, and the method of conducting it is a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods. To attain its findings, the researchers use statistical and quantitative analysis in consort with qualitative, descriptive and analytical techniques. In the first step, the field findings of variables and micro-variables by addressing the residents' opinions and understanding the indicators they consider by combining them through a vocabulary drawn from documentary data and vocabulary in the perceptive container of the residents in the study platform. In the continuation of the valuation of the existing situation of the region and the recognition of the effective variables with high factor load in the field of the components obtained from the first step of the test, descriptive statistics and analysis of the normality of the data were carried out. Based on that and after transforming the data, the construct validity and reliability of the research variables and their resulting indices were investigated using the confirmatory factor analysis test. To model the purpose of the research, the structural equation method was used. To attain the objectives of the study, two software, SPSS'23 and SmartPLS'3.1.1, were used.

A model was obtained for patterns affecting the desirability of physical and functional, social, environmental, and cultural components of the current status in the residential environment of the research context, which is discussed based on the satisfaction indicators from the view of citizens.

Effective physical and functional components average with path coefficient of 0.549, effective environmental components average with path coefficient of 0.323, effective social components average with path coefficient of 0.229, and effective cultural components average with path coefficient of 0.184 respectively have a most powerful positive and significant effects up to average, moderate downward and low effect on the housing desirability in the district.

Nowadays, urban living is necessarily associated with neighboring groups of people. The historical experience of human habitation in different parts of the world is a testament to the above-mentioned. Accordingly, the study of the Neighbor Law in general and the laws of social relationships in residential environments, in particular, becomes necessary and relevant. The main purpose of the present article is to explain the influence of the physical environment on social relationships in a neighborhood, which is a matter of concern for residential planners and designers. For this purpose, the variables affecting neighbor relationships were identified and categorized by reviewing research sources, and next, the impact of these variables on each other and neighborhood relationships was determined by logical reasoning. The findings suggest that neighbor social relationships are primarily affected by individual and socio-economic characteristics of residents, such as personality traits, marital status, gender, length of residence, home ownership, ethnicity, and race. The physical characteristics of the environment can also facilitate or deter the formation and continuation of neighbor social relationships. The three main variables affecting neighbor social relationships are as follows: Totality of the Physical Environment (residential density and appearance); Public Space (size, shape, enclosure, floor and edge characteristics, and characteristics of local service facilities); and Residential Blocks (housing type, accessibility to and visibility of public space from residential blocks). On the other hand, since "meaning" is the mechanism of any individual’s relationship with the environment, people interact with each other according to the meaning of particular activities and physical characteristics of the environment. Accordingly, the impact of the characteristics of the environment (independent variables) on the neighbor social relationships (dependent variables) can be explained through meaning-related variables (mediating variables). Consequently, it is worth mentioning that the "cognitive qualities of the physical environment" impact the "structural and interactional aspects of neighboring" through "neighborhood attachment." Variable relationships are presented in a theoretical model which can be used by researchers studying neighbor social relationships in various socio-cultural contexts.

This present study raised the question of why vitality and ultimately the sense of belonging were linked to features of modern homes and neighborhoods. To address this inquiry four neighborhoods known as Zerehi, Beasat, Eslahi Negat, and Cinema Saadi in Shiraz City were selected. Then, in the library studies, vitality indices were extracted to reflect residents' sense of belonging. In the present study statistical analysis (spss) and questionnaire method were used and carried out in three stages. The first step looked at quantitive variables of vitality on the residence’ senses of belonging. The next one compared the cognitive impact of different vitality factors to the desire of living in the neighborhoods. At last, the relationship between vitality factors and the sense of belonging to living space were discussed in Shiraz neighborhoods.The outcome indicated that social vitality, design, and cultural vitality had greater impacts on residents' sense of belonging to living space. Besides, the results of the comparative analysis of different factors of vitality on the sense of belonging show that neighborhoods were influenced and classified by economic, social, ecological, and design in two different groups and cultural vitality in three separate categories.Finally, Spearman's correlation test reveals that residents in the Baysat neighborhood tend to stay in the area.Finally, the results demonstrated that through improving social and cultural vitality indices and design patterns, residents' sense of belonging could be increased.

Urban housing pattern is generally categorized into two models: villa (single-family) houses and apartment buildings. Although the subject matter of each of these two patterns is different in the literature, the conventional or short-rise and high-rise buildings or towers comprise the main groups of the apartment buildings. Over the past years, hundreds of residential units have been built in the form of villa and apartment units in the studied area (Area 2 of Ardabil city), and their number is increasing every year. Therefore, the overall purpose of this study is to comparatively evaluate the satisfaction of residents of villas and towers. Among the various ways to determine satisfaction, the judgment of the people living in these types of housing is more valuable than the opinion of experts, consulting engineers, and decision-makers. With such an understanding, the issue is inherently important, and the scientific answer can reduce the ambiguities in the policy-making of planners and those involved in urban affairs.

The present study is descriptive-analytical in terms of practical purpose and terms of nature and method. Data collection is documented in two ways to provide a theoretical and field framework for a survey using a questionnaire. In this study, residents of residential towers and villa houses in District 2 Ardabil are considered the statistical population. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software, and statistical methods such as independent t-test, variance analysis, and single t-test were used in this study.

According to the findings of the single sample t-test evaluating the satisfaction level of residents from the housing pattern, the average value of the total components is 3.18, which indicates that the residents’ satisfaction is above average level. The satisfaction level for villa houses is 2.90, which is close to the average level of satisfaction for residents. Another purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of personal and individual characteristics on residential environmental satisfaction in Ardabil. In this regard, the results of a one-way variance analysis test show that gender and marital variables do not show significant differences in the results of residential towers and villa houses. Independent t-test results show that the variables of education, job, and income affect residents’ satisfaction in towers, but the results differ in villa houses.

In general, by comparing villa houses and high-rise apartments in District 2 Ardabil, it can be acknowledged that the city’s high-rise apartment buildings, in the vast majority of criteria, are more acceptable than villas. Villas were the dominant model in the past due to their independence and historical and cultural identity, local and indigenous architectural patterns, the existence of complementary and diverse spaces, and service activities. Today residential towers are considered the most important and lively residential spaces in the city due to having security and comfort, public spaces and access, management and control, and, most importantly, proximity to important uses and access to public transport. Unlike traditional housing, they can attract a wide range of social groups, including children, adults, and the elderly

When it comes to objective-subjective issues, such as physical changes, it seems difficult to measure satisfaction through direct questions and quantitative methods. Question of the present study is to explain the methodological challenges of evaluating residents’ experience of the severity of physical changes based on the satisfaction criterion. The research method is content analysis, which is accompanied by a logical argument and inferential model, obtained from the study of previous models, in the first phase of the research. Accordingly, residents’ motivations and individual characteristics, dynamic nature of adaptation and satisfaction over time and finally, lack of contextual framework are some of the challenges in this field, and indicators such as individual characteristics, level of adaptation, emotional and cognitive assessment that leads to mental perception, have a cyclical relationship with each other over time. In the second phase of the research, a quantitative questionnaire is developed through extracting indicators from the study context, and reviewed by five experts using formal content method, in order to validate the proposed framework. Then, the snowball sampling method was applied to select 34 residents of both men and women with more than 25 years residency in Tusca neighborhood, as a target neighborhood, and Ahu neighborhood, as a control neighborhood in Mahmudabad city.  In Tusca neighborhood, the indicators are extracted based on a semi-structured questionnaire. The results obtained from both neighborhoods indicate the validity of the questionnaire and its preparation process. The dependency of answers on residence place allows to achieve more precise results of residents’ satisfaction with physical changes. Therefore, attention to the cognitive-perceptual experience of residents in a cyclical process and using a method based on qualitative-evaluative exploratory analyses, makes it possible to obtain real criteria for residents’ satisfaction with the severity of changes

Qualitative aspects of housing always considered as the most critical planning tools and have gained great interest in recent housing research. Housing areas in order to provide social development, involved the environment around in addition to residential units. This paper tries to assess the quality of traditional houses, describe and analyze them to achieve the criteria to devise guidelines in the next step which are effective for increasing the quality of contemporary housing. Iranian traditional houses have a kind of internal spaces structure on the basis of religious and traditional ideas of Iranian families.These houses have manifested native-traditional models of the past history of Iran which have originated from individual and collective cultures of the people, who have been formed, have grown, have been manifested and have reached perfection. Study of Iranian contemporary architecture indicates that it has been changed with regard to its rich and meaningful history during the time. Roots of the principles governing the traditional houses can be found in Iranian thoughts and culture. Any building which is constructed aims at fulfillment of some living needs. Traditional houses are not only a shelter. Residence indicates meaningful link with the place which can include all of the different levels of private and general life environment. This link is an effort to find identity and to have attachment feeling toward a place while our modern houses couldn’t have fulfilled the most primary needs of residence i.e. tranquility and physical relaxation and generally inspired quality expectations. In this regard, to reach the aim through qualitative approach and case study strategy, this value of the Iranian traditional housing was investigated.
This study was carried out by qualitative method and in order to final assess of the data, AHP method was used. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a structural technique to organizing and analyzing complex decisions, based on mathematics and psychology. Rather than prescribing a «correct» decision, the AHP helps decision makers find one that best suits their goal and their understanding of the problem. It provides a comprehensive and rational framework for structuring a decision problem, for representing and quantifying its elements, for relating those elements to overall goals, and for evaluating alternative solutions. Therefore the method of collecting data was based on lists for interview techniques, observation, investigate the features of place and space, measuring attitudes and by searching the literature and documents and maps about the subject. So at first multiple systems of residential environment quality assessment were studied and then a model to assess the quality of housing for this paper was developed. In the second step through the main factors of the model, 5 criteria have been determined to assess the quality of housing.In the next stage parameters derived from the lists in relation to each criterion were analyzed compared to the data of other criteria and the overall impact of research factors in reciprocating reviews and alternatives obtained in relation to the main criteria have been introduced in traditional houses. Then by analyzing and interpreting of these alternatives and considering the effects of lifestyle, human needs and conditions of contemporary society strategies to improve the quality aspects of contemporary housing have been proposed. The term lifestyle can denote the interests, opinions and behavioral orientations of an individual, group, or culture. The term refers to a combination of determining intangible or tangible factors. Tangible factors relate specifically to demographic variables, i.e. an individual›s demographic profile, whereas intangible factors concern the psychological aspects of an individual such as personal values, preferences, and outlooks. Therefore, a lifestyle is a means of forming a sense of self and to create cultural symbols that resonate with personal identity. Not all aspects of a lifestyle are voluntary. Surrounding social and technical systems can constrain the lifestyle choices available to the individual and the symbols she/he is able to project to others and the self.According to the results of the research there is a significant relation between the quality of traditional houses, human, the architecture and the past lifestyle that emanates from traditions and original values. The evaluation showed that in order of importance the criteria of human needs, environmental, physical, functional and structural qualities have contributed in this meaningful relation and among them the first three criteria are more effective. Although in general comparison the coordinated presence of all proposed criteria resulted in lasting quality. Recognizing the traditional strategies and perception the Persian culture and life style can help modern architects to design suitable contemporary house design. People really need a house that response all its duties, not only merely be a shelter.Hence the main orientations for the development of housing in the qualitative aspects should be provided with development of long-term, medium-term and short-term goals. Providing desirable housing according to the physical and spiritual needs of Iranian families is one of long-term goals that must be met in the future.

Residential Satisfaction is one of the most complex issues and the key criterion which has been studied by many urban scholars and also other scientific researchers. It is necessary since it contributes to individuals’ well-being and quality of life. Admittedly, the Residential Satisfaction concept is based on a wide range of expectations, desires and tendencies in order to meet basic and transcendental human needs, and refers to the real experience of people's lives. Satisfaction with the residential environment is, in fact, people's quality of evaluating their living environment and many factors such as personal, physical and social factors influence its level. Hence, evaluation of these factors leading to satisfaction with the residential environment can be used as scales and standards by the city planners, urbanists and architects. It seems that by reviewing the research conducted on resident's satisfaction and its inductive conclusion, one can reach a systematic framework and a comprehensive model to explain the factors affecting this quality. This paper is in search of a theoretical framework to identify and assess background factors and variables affecting residential satisfaction, and to develop a theoretical model to analyze the relationship of each variable with the extent of residents’ satisfaction using a meta-analysis method by comparing the results of previous experimental research. This analysis was undertaken to achieve tangible and clear conclusions. Accordingly, on the one hand it deals with defining satisfaction with the residential area based on the views of experts in the field; and on the other hand, by looking at previous experimental studies, it deals with identifying and analyzing the factors affecting the satisfaction of the residents and offers the proposed model of the research. The results of the research identify that Satisfaction with residential space is a complex phenomenon and depends on multiple factors which includes personal, social and physical factors. Personal variables, independently, are known as the most influential factors affecting different levels of expectations, desires and tendencies of life. Social factors were identified and defined as emotions that are effective in the process of shaping the social dimension of satisfaction. It can be stated that the public's sense toward local community increases in places and is affected by people’s mental perception of the environment. in fact, people feel more satisfied with their local community when it seems supportive, reliable and friendly. The third level of commonality also showed that satisfaction is also influenced by the living conditions and physical environmental factors. If built environment was selected by people and it has a good quality, it will affect judgment of satisfaction of the residential environment. In addition, social and physical factors of residential environments form the real experiences of people from these environments. With respect to the objective of observing the physical environment and mental perception of the social conditions in which one lives, residents will have different actual experience in terms of the environment. Thus, if there is more convergence between individual's expectations with their real experience of the environment, the satisfaction with the residential environment will increase.

As crime rates have rapidly increased globally, crime prevention has received a great deal of attention among scholars in recent years. Neighbourhoods play a significant role in the lives of those who live and socialise within their boundaries, and how they interact in the neighbourhood environment. Certain characteristics of the neighbourhood can affect residents’ perceptions towards neighbourhood problems. Both the social and physical conditions of the neighbourhood may affect the perception of the residents on the surrounding environment. The incivilities thesis posits that signs of incivilities contribute to an increase in the fear of crime. Despite the theory that management of incivilities can make safer communities, the empirical literature on examining the indirect effect of the incivilities thesis is limited. Interventions require a better understanding of the neighbourhood correlates of both cognitive (perceived risk) and affective (fear of crime) responses to crime. The affective dimension of fear of crime refers to the emotional responses to fear of being a victim of specific crime types, while the cognitive dimension refers to risk of crime victimisation. This study examines the associations between disorder, perceived risk and fear of crime by considering gender as a control variable in a sample of 160 residents in Penang, Malaysia. Five research hypotheses were put forward and tested using the structural equation modelling on a priori hypothesised theoretical model. The effect of perceptions of disorder on perceived risk and fear of crime was investigated. Of particular interest in this investigation was the possible contextual effect of gender on the residents’ perception of their neighbourhood. The results of structural equation modelling reveal that high disorder is positively associated with perceived risk and fear of crime. Likewise, perceived risk mediates the relationship between disorder and fear of crime. Consistent with prior research, women perceived higher levels of disorder, perceived risk and fear of crime. This would suggest that women perceived their immediate surroundings in negative terms and they are the gender more fearful of crime. This may presumably refer to a lack of physical strength, less mobility for this group of people and reinforced beliefs of vulnerability through communication, behaviour and interactions. In addition, over time, the results of the present study provide empirical support for the initial classic theory, incivilities thesis. In fact, lowering the level of crime is not the only way of alleviating risk perceptions and fear, particularly amongst women. Although we do not claim that fear is independent of direct victimisation, other factors such as environmental factors can play a significant role in mitigating fear of crime. Therefore, based on the study findings, we suggest that local planning authorities need to pay attention to such important matters in neighbourhoods as street lighting provision and maintenance, eliminating concealed spots, designing streetscapes to enhance visibility, and last but not least increasing the visibility of the police to citizens.

Good residential environments are the supporter of human activities. Rapid growth of cities in last few decades caused to decline quality of environments in old districts of cities and these environments are not able to respond to the human needs. Sanglaj as an old neighborhood in Tehran now is faced with inefficiency and decline environmental quality. This Paper is seeking to assessment residential environmental quality and exploring its effective factors in an old neighborhood. The method used in this paper is using by establishing objective-subjective assessment system by user’s viewpoint and physical data. The results of the paper indicate residential environment quality in Sanglaj is about median (3.09). T-test shows meaningful differences between environmental quality and theoretical median and between two aspects. The test indicates objective quality (2.84) is lower than physical quality (3.14). There are correlations between objective and subjective sub-criteria. Hierarchical multiple regression indicates housing quality is more effective in defining quality and Social-cultural sub-criteria have most effects in overall neighborhood quality (based on β). Spatial analysis indicates quality declining near Bazaar in the east of neighborhood. Based on results of assessments objective and subjective problems and priorities indentified and proportional suggestions are showed.

Behavioral science theories emphasized the role of identity in explaining the ways residential environments interact with residents. Indeed, many researchers suggest the identity as a main purpose of dwelling. So, residents’ identity is one of the most important issues in dwelling concept of settlements architecture. Nevertheless, this issue paying no attention in literature. In this article, we attempted to find the theoretical model of interaction between residential environment and residents’ identity. First, on the basis of behavioral science theories present the hypothesis of the ways in which residents interact with residential environments. Then, we test the hypothesis with logical reasoning, according to theories and researches that support the issue. As residential environment is a social space, so, one can claim that human shape the residential environment with semantic elements according to his/her image; in order to interact the others in symbolic interaction through constructed environment and with regard to others’ evaluation of his/her residential environment can evaluate, confirm, and promote his/her identity. Residential environment in its performance as an “extended self” is linkage of man with his physical and social environment; and with its two dimensions including the ‘material me’ and the ‘social me’, or as place identity and social identity interprets and explain the relation. Formation of these identities occurs in a reciprocal process and residential environment has placed in it as a symbol of self. In the reciprocal process with individuals, residential environment on the basis of its characteristics declare, interpret, and confirm itself.