جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « پدیدارشناسی معماری » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

The main goal of architecture is to give place a perceptible existence. The term "place" has a special meaning in architecture and is not considered just a place where building takes place, as in any other place. In order to perceive an architectural work, a better understanding of place is essential. An understanding that considers place as a totality, intimately interwoven with the human being, uniting the realms of thought and sensation, so that the object-subject dualism is suspended. Martin Heidegger was one of the most famous philosophers whose intellectual method was hermeneutic phenomenology. Accordingly, this study aims to examine his approach. It provides an accurate and fully searchable interpretation of the hermeneutic phenomenology of place in the design process. It is a qualitative research with a hermeneutic phenomenological approach that has an interpretive goal (studying the comparative literature of philosophy and architecture). Through the use of library studies as methodology, the research aimed to find foundations and operational steps to organise early scattered and incoherent materials. Data were collected based on library research. The research results indicate that hermeneutic phenomenology can be used in the process of architectural design. Therefore, it is possible to create a model for architectural design based on a phenomenological method to understand an architectural work based on the cycle of hermeneutic phenomenology of space according to Heidegger's thought.

In the past three decades new cognitive sciences viewpoints have highlighted the influential role of the body in cognitive processes; a role long neglected by the dominance of mind-body dualism in cognitive and intellectual domains such as architectural thought, despite the seminal role of the body for discovery and cognition of the world. Such cognition is experienced through interactions between objective micro-worlds such as that of architecture, and the third-person and first-person (lived) bodies. Has this body and its cognitive role always been neglected in the history of architectural thought? To answer this question the present paper tries to investigate this role and its influence in the history of formation and evolution of architectural theories in the West. Using logical reasoning and a descriptive-analytical approach, parts of Western history of architecture are rethought, due to its close associations with the Western philosophy in the formation of this history.The results show that different ideas about the body can be identified in history, ranging from corporeality to embodiment. It is then anticipated that the embodiment, the cognitive role of the body and the above viewpoints will gradually influence architectural theories leading it towards notions of "close relationship between the first-person body and architecture".

 Two main performances, including ‘Accessibility’ and ‘Visibility’, have been proposed in (intermediate) interface spaces for design and organization since a long time ago. However, these spaces have not received much attention in design today and even they have often been ignored. As a result, psychological and intellectual requirements, which are realized in interfaces, have not to be met and responded to. In this regard, some phenomenologist architects have an emphasis on all-inclusive interaction of human’s existential ranges with architectural space and also they have emphasized the importance of responsiveness to psychological and conceptual needs.

The present article seeks to investigate the function of interfaces in house architecture, based on the approach taken by some contemporary phenomenologist architects. This paper aims to achieve optimal performance of such spaces in houses.

To this end, it has been firstly dealt with the description of attitudes from four phenomenologist architects concerning interfaces based on theoretical studies within the qualitative methodology and benefitting from interpretive and phenomenological approach; then using ‘interpretive phenomenology’, the conceptual units were built in their works and their functional capabilities of interfaces have been revised in two perceptual-conceptual and behavioral-functional aspects as well as compatible and responsive formative-spatial features to those performances.

The findings show that interfaces possess optimal performance so that they are capable to provide an appropriate accessibility hierarchy of outside-to-inside space. At the same time, they may provide a sense of being calm and under shelter for the audience and they make all of his/her senses and perceptions involved among them. In response to these three functions, distinctive formative features e.g. application of light and shade with different auditory, olfactory and tactile patterns and also having specific formative boundaries may be responsive to them.

Human habitation has always had a special place and importance in providing comfort, tranquility and satisfaction. Hence, "shelter" in human thought has a long history of group and social life. Today, some believe that in modern times, architecture pays more attention to the visual eye and less attention to other sensory perceptions and the human body. This research tries to formulate a logical process of identifying and prioritizing the experimental elements of multisensory in promoting housing satisfaction. This research work is based on mixed research method (quantitative and qualitative), with logical reasoning. In the qualitative section, the method of phenomenological observation and interview has been used to identify the factors affecting desirability. In a quantitative method, a questionnaire was used to collect data from the statistical community (residents of residential complexes in Zanjan). Findings show that the connection between conceptual awareness, multisensory perception, this identity with the nature and desirability of habitation is significant. Also, the sensory components in the surveyed houses affect its environmental quality as well as the desirability of the space and the satisfaction of the residents.

Research objectives:

 1. Investigating and recognizing the desirability of housing and the concept of satisfaction with it, with the approach of phenomenological philosophy. 2. Develop and present a conceptual model of residential utility. 

Research questions:

 1. Is there a significant relationship between sensory components and quality criteria of a residential complex? 2. Does the house only meet the basic human need or is it a concept beyond that?

Phenomenology as one of the philosophical fields of the twentieth century, was used in the last decades of this century as an effective approach to better understanding in architectural theorizing. The present study examines the viewpoints of Juhani Pallasmaa and Steven Holl through their key concepts, with the aim of showing the commonalities and differences of their views and explaining more clearly the method of architectural phenomenology. The results of the study reveal that under the influence of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, the multi-sensory and embodied perception of architecture is a key common concept to the theories of this two architects. The critique of retinal architecture, the focus on touch and tactility, memory and imagination, silence and slowness in Pallasmaa’s theories, are in line with the concepts of light, colors, parallax, and duration in Holl’s theories. On the other hand, although form is one of the themes of Steven Holl’s theories, Juhani Pallasmaa emphasizes the non-priority of form in architecture by proposing the concept of atmosphere. The present research has been done qualitatively by descriptive-analytical method.