جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "پیشگیری" در نشریات گروه "هنر و معماری"

Today, due to the increase of residential complexes as a place of human life is more and more important. Maintaining security is one of the most important issues. The aim is to study and achieve effective components in creating safer places in residential complexes. Security is based on the premise that crime can be prevented by reducing the vulnerability of spaces that provide an opportunity to commit a crime. Sometimes there is security in a society, but people do not feel safe, which causes unrest in the society and a sense of insecurity. The 64-item questionnaire was initially distributed among 20 experts in the Delphi survey, and construct validity was used to identify the different opinions of experts, and finally the results were obtained using SPSS-22 software and Emus. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of type, descriptive-survey and statistical population of architects and urban planners with at least 3 years of work experience, with a sample size of 85 people selected by stratified sampling method. To examine the effective component in promoting women's sense of security and evaluating relationships and their importance to each other and the most effective components of Kruskal-Wallis, Human-Whitney, Spearman, Friedman, Smirnov-Kolmokroff, regression, goodness and finally Emos tests Used. The results of Emus studies are as follows: among the 6 components, the architectural-physical component with the most impact (0.682) and aesthetics with direct effect (0.082) the lowest value of variance to promote women's sense of security in residential complexes Has explained.

Due to the high vulnerability of deteriorated urban areas, a systematic precaution is needed to provide features and components of an effective pattern for disaster management in these areas that clarify the dimensions of decision-making in earthquake risk management in them. The purpose of this research is to investigate the dimensions and components of an appropriate disaster management pattern in deteriorated urban areas in order to control and reduce the damage caused by the earthquake in the period before its occurrence (prevention stage) in deteriorated urban areas in Tehran. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method, and because it tries to establish a relationship between the dimensions and components of earthquake disaster management in deteriorated urban areas, it is exploratory. After identifying the dimensions and components of the disaster management pattern in deteriorated areas in documentary studies (theoretical foundations, Iranian and global experiences). It has been accurate and prioritized by referring to experts and proprietors. In the next step, the coefficient of significance of each component is specified and the results of the questionnaires evaluated and validated in content by using the PLS software. The results of the research show that in the field of disaster management in the deteriorated urban areas of Tehran. It is necessary to have a risk management and pre-thinking and pre- disaster management view before looking at the disaster management with a post- disaster view in these areas. In the pre-disaster stage, attention to different dimensions and considering the effective components of each of these dimensions in disaster management (social and cultural, physical-environmental, economic, structural and managerial, legal- rule and infrastructures dimensions) in deteriorated urban areas and their application can ultimately lead to decreasing vulnerability and promoting the resilience of these area in the face of various events, including the earthquakes.

Increasing the urbanization of the new world and the concentration of delinquency in these areas due to the specific features of urban communities such as population density and the reduction of supervision, architectural and urbanization methods of housing, marginalization and ... phenomena such as air and noise pollution, the degree of vulnerability of citizens Has increased the environmental factors.In resorting to violence and punishing in order to contain and cope with urban security threats, it is feared that the cause of forgottenness and the struggle with disabilities is to replace the fight against the cause. For this reason, more than the anti-social act, the subject matter of it, and the factors and reasons Being affected by social behavior is important.This paper tries to assume the impact of new parts in planning and designing the urban environment on improving the safety and comfort of citizens, ways to objectify these approaches to reduce the harmful effects on the physical environment of the city and the physical and social health of citizens to be examined.

Clarifying the role of city structure on reducing crimes is an important subject which is discussed in format of new theories of urbanism. The objective of present article is to extract theoretical strategies CPTED and determining contribution and rank of each of them is in preventing from crimes in residential complexes of Rasht. Present research is practical and the method of information collection in it is traversal and research methodology is analytical-descriptive. Statistical community are 10 persons of architectures in the first step and 390 persons of residents in residential complexes in the second step that three complexes such as Abrisham, Kaktous and Pardisan are selected as case matters. SPSS statistical software and factor analysis are used for statistical analysis. Findings of this survey show that in territory part, the variable “using real and symbolic barriers” with operating load 0.637, in increasing supervision of variable “supervision on Buildings’ entrance by use of lighting” with operating load 0.778, in control of entrances and availability of variables “avoiding from partial designs and protrusility and setbacks” with operating load 0.574 and in improvement of environmental quality variable “allocating common defined environment to residents of each blocks” with operating load 0.541 has assigned the most contribution in preventing from crimes in residential complexes.