جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « گرگان » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

The growth of urban population and urbanization before the process of urban planning, along with problems and problems such as migration to cities and the subsequent uneven distribution of population, informal settlements, lack of urban per capita, etc., have caused the quality of livability of Iranian cities to decline. The city of Gorgan is no exception to this. This city is due to its special geographical location and suitable natural condition, the political-administrative and economic centrality of the region and province, its ability to immigrate, the type of residence and house building of numerous social groups in the city, the ethnic diversity and culture of different ethnic groups together, has caused that in the city Gorgan has a different and unique look and texture from the human settlements in this city. Therefore, the current research aims to investigate and evaluate the livability of the three regions of Gorgan City based on the physical-spatial index. According to its nature, the present research is practical in terms of descriptive-analytical method by using a combination of quantitative models. The required data were obtained from the method of library studies, observation, and field technique (researcher-made questionnaire) in the form of 6 indicators including facilities and infrastructure, open and public spaces, landscape, transportation, pollution, housing quality, and 24 items. Is. To analyze the data from SPSS software, t-tests to check the measurement of the difference between the average of the research sample (theoretical average) and the average of the population; ANOVA test (one-way analysis of variance) to examine the difference in the average dimensions of the six variables of the research index among the studied areas; From the multivariate regression test to investigate the influence of each of the variables of the physical index of livability in evaluating the livability of the studied areas; And finally, Friedman's test was used to rank and evaluate the effect of each of the physical-spatial index variables on the livability status and prioritize the variables. The results obtained from the t-test show that in terms of physical livability, Area One of Gorgan City is in a completely favorable and normal condition, Area Three is in an average condition, and Area Two is in a weaker condition than other areas. The results of the ANOVA test show that the conditions and status of the physical variables are not the same in all three regions and a significant difference can be seen among the three studied regions. The regression results indicate the impact of the research variables and the results of the Friedman test also showed that the housing variable ranks first and the pollution variable ranks last in the impact on the physical-spatial livability index in the city of Gorgan. Therefore, due to the existence of cultural and ethnic diversity as well as different living conditions; Different livability can be seen in terms of physical-spatial indicators at the level of regions and localities of Gorgan city. In the end, to achieve the goals of the research, strategies, and solutions have been presented in the form of research proposals.

Finding a phenomenon’s origin and initial formation process has always been one of the basic questions raised in all science branches, and urban morphology is a branch based on this motivation. Research on the origin of an unplanned urban area is not as easy as planned ones. Before the establishment of modern urbanism in Iran, most residential tissues had been formed during unplanned processes. Due to the lack of a comprehensive real estate registration system, there is no precise information about the division of urban lands and the construction of passages and buildings in residential alleys. In simpler terms, the origin of its formation is unknown. In the present study, a part of the intermediate urban form of Gorgan city is selected to identify the origin of a spontaneous residential tissue. It is attempted to discover all the events affecting its urban morphology from 1921 to 1974. Since this intermediate urban form is located between the historic tissue and the contemporary urban tissue, in terms of time, it is located between two different generations from the date of formation of the city (1921 to 1971). Consequently, it is cognate with the historic tissue patterns based on traditional society and its gradual development. Likewise, historically, it is more closely related to the research time, and it is easier to follow the developments and transformations in the samples than in the historical tissue. Thus, it facilitates receiving collective awareness of the formation process. Like any other urban tissue, the physical elements forming urban morphology in the intermediate urban form include roads, lots, and buildings. Nonetheless, the combination of these elements creates a comparatively discrete identity from the planned tissues. In the intermediate urban form, which is typically spontaneous, there are intertwined relationships between roads, lots, and buildings; as such, to separate these elements from each other is not as easy as a contemporary planned tissue. Accordingly, the present study aims to study the factors affecting the formation and deformation of each urban morphology element and their combination with each other to explain the entity and complexity of urban morphology in spontaneous tissues.

The research method of this paper is based on a qualitative approach. It is a combination of grounded theory reading (Systematic) and a comparative diachronical morphology. Hence, the data were extracted both from structured interviews and with the help of morphological development analysis techniques to compensate for the lack of written data by deriving oral data from the knowledge of the early residents of the tissue.

The city of Astarabad, now known as Gorgan, could be a good case for sampling in this study because Gorgan has never been the center of a caliphate or monarchy despite its long history of habitation. Thus, unlike a typical capital city, it did not face fast and unexpected transformations due to the establishment of military and administrative centers or large-scale migrations and maintained its natural growth rate over the years. Since the beginning of the present century, the city has been a regional-scale nucleus and has played an economic role in surrounding micro-settlements. The findings reveal that urban morphology factors act as a matrix pattern, and their effectiveness does not correspond to a linear process. The components of this matrix consist of three areas: actors, action/interaction, and conditions, each of which includes a set of influential categories and has its types and dimensions. Individuals, families, and the local community are considered the most effective actors. Regarding action/interaction, property rights to land division, the agreement between the rights holders and the legal system are recognized as the most effective factors. The most important underlying conditions are climate, land economy, and household, respectively.

As a result, the urban form is shaped by conscious individual/family choices, social interactions, and the legal system; That is, the will and ownership choice in the formation and development of the urban fabric has played a more prominent role than laws and regulations. So that from the micro-level (individual) to the macro-level (legal system), the degree of effectiveness is gradually reduced and, in turn, prevents the formation of a top-down linear pattern. Moreover, the existing terrain, in an artificial or a natural form, plays a key role in urban morphology. Generalizing the results of this paper requires adopting a phenomenological approach to the analysis of each category obtained at the level of dimensions and characteristics, which requires another study. However, the generalizability of the results to other cities in Iran requires more comparative research, so there is a need to study more and more diverse examples from different cities along with this research.

Although semiotics originated in linguistics, it was quickly adopted in the arts, literature, and social sciences. Semiotics is highly efficient at interpreting works of art because it sees them as a cultural system and investigates the hidden codes and concepts in them. The purpose of this study is to look at the decorative patterns on the Roshan Abad building in Gorgan from a semiotic standpoint, as they appear to be inspired by Attar's Manṭiq-uṭ-Ṭayr poem's mystical allegories. The motifs of the Roshan Abad building are then assessed, as different animal motifs can be found among the decorative patterns of this structure, which are much more prominent symbolically than other motifs. The relationship between the intended motifs and mystical symbols expressed in Manṭiq-uṭ-Ṭayr is first explored and analyzed from a semiotic standpoint for this aim. This is a descriptive and analytical study that uses a qualitative data analysis approach. The data on the sample under study is gained by direct and descriptive observation; however, the data on historical motifs is gathered through documentary and library approaches. The findings reveal a strong link between the patterns and mystical symbols found in Attar's Manṭiq-uṭ-Ṭayr. Designers' perceptions of these topics were embodied in these motifs, implying their mental imagery.

Pattern of urban expansion in relation to growth of urbanization has led to an excessive horizontal growth of cities. To deal with this phenomenon, theories and movements towards sustainable urban development were developed, such as smart growth. In this theory, physical growth and development of the city serves the community, economy and environment to enhance the quality of life. Gorgan is one of the fertile cities in north of Iran, which, besides being a political center, also is the economic center of the region. Today, the urban sprawl phenomenon in this city is clearly visible, including destruction of fertile and forest lands around the city. In this research, it is tried to use the movement to determine the priorities of endogenous development in Gorgan in order to control the urban sprawl phenomenon of this city. To this end, various urban factors were matched to the ten principles of smart growth; these factors were transformed into a maps and information layers in the GIS environment. These factors were compared and weighed by Analytic Hierarchy Process Analysis (AHP) based on their importance. Finally, areas which are susceptible to development are identified by the principles of smart growth in the city. Research method in this paper is descriptive-analytical and the resources and data of 2007 have been used. The research findings indicate that the most suitable place for development in Gorgan city based on the principles of smart growth is the north and east to the north-east of this city and other places have less priority.

Problem definition:

 A variable called color is one of the most important factors affecting the urban space in terms of the visual and perceptual identity and according to the qualities of diversity, readability and cohesion of the environment that the audience encounters with. In fact, color is expressed as one of the most prominent components of visual elements in the design of urban furniture as well as the urban landscape. According to these points, the current research aims to express the role of color in the urban space of Mohtasham Alley in Gorgan from the perspectives of the three examined groups and tourist attracting approach.

The present study has been conducted with the aim of investigating the role of color on the physical and external structure of buildings as the most effective visual factor in creating a sense of social security, happiness and peace in the residents of Mohtasham Alley of Gorgan.

The research has been carried out based on a descriptive-analytical approach using library resources and field studies. In line with the purpose of the study, interviews were conducted on a case-by-case basis with 30 residents of the study area in three different age groups.

The present results showed that adolescents were more enthusiastic about the color variation in their living space. Also, young people have considered the beauty created in the neighborhood space to be a pleasant change, but stated that the needs of the residents go far beyond the temporary colors created in the environment. The third group, i.e. middle-aged people, depending on their age and different perceptions of poverty and poor living conditions in that area, have not significantly felt the necessity of being color in their living environment or pretended to ignore the role of color in creating a sense of peace and happiness and its positive effect on the structure of their lives.

What we refer to as the economic landscape of habitats, cities, and villages, is a product of human interaction with nature and the ways in which human societies use, trade, and distribute resources in historical context. Economic landscapes in cities sometimes emerge as urban organs like bazaars and at other times as economic activities and sub-activities. In the past, geopolitical factors and the resources available to a city would shape economic landscapes giving each city a distinguishing set of characteristics. Following the Industrial Revolution, the circulation of capital in cities ceased to be organic and based on essential mechanisms and evolved into monotonous global processes. Following the obsolescence of some professions, the emergence of Piercing Streets, and the asymmetric accumulation of capital historical texture of cities underwent a process of desertion one after another. As the political aspect of the economy became progressively more apparent in the context of cities and privilege-based governments emerged, construction projects around the historical texture of cities became more aggressive and common. Moreover, political economy in urban landscapes has always been affected by social factors so examining economic landscapes and the political economy of cities from a sociological viewpoint can help us gain new insights. The city of Gorgan, like many of other contemporary cities, has not been an exception to the aforementioned process. Affected by numerous social issues such as what Jean Baudrillard calls Hyperreality, the economic landscape of the city is undergoing the process of gradual destruction. Hyperreality, despite being primarily a social phenomenon, is one of the key factors in turning modern life into an aestheticized experience of spectacles. In the context of consumption and in combination with other factors, it leads to the deterioration of the economic landscape in cities such as Gorgan.

Locating and establishing cities depends on the natural and climatic structure of the region;, the shape, landscape and consequently the architectural structures form in the harmony with physical characteristic such as topography, vegetation, fauna, water and other factors engaged in the ecosystem. Besides, environmental factors have always remind the identity in the mind of landscape dwellers and users and give meaning to it. Therefore, an old tree, water flow and many other landscape factors remain in the mind and become sacred and symbolic. The diversity of landforms and the mutual relationship of city and its texture, environmental interactions, built structure and formation of landscape with a clear identity is observable in most cities of Iran, including Gorgan. The proximity to forest, river and mountain is another particular characteristic of landscapes in this city. This research aims to study the approaches of confrontation with the nature in Gorgan by using a qualitative approach and based on the interpretations, historical analysis and case study. This research is the result of a group field visit in 3 days in Gorgan. It tries to identify the effective ecologic factors in forming the urban landscape of Gorgan by reviewing the literature and their mutual relationship and introduce the objective and subjective aspects that affect the formation of ecologic landscape.

The city of Gorgan is a model of historic urbanization in the north of the country. The landscape of this city has a different identity compared to the desert cities of central Iran, which makes it different. The necessity of this research is that the historical texture of Gorgan city has been refurbished without regard to the concept of identity in the past years as a result of this process of its identity being destroyed and the architecture and urbanization of the city expanding and expanding instead. It is. This study seeks to answer the following questions: What are the factors or factors involved in the formation of Gorgan's urban identity? And how can the effect of disregarding these factors be interpreted in the process of renovating the historical fabric of Gorgan? The present study is a descriptive-analytical one and the method of gathering information to answer the questions includes both library method and field observation method. The most important results of this study are that urban landscape identity is influenced by climatic and regional indicators that are crystallized in urban landscape components and neglecting these factors in urban landscape can lead to It will lead to a loss of sense of place and belonging of the inhabitants.

Islamic art patterns have both visual beauty and symbolic values. Islamic art with its sublime wisdom in its symbolization has lots of possibilities that the most important tool of it, is geometry, but between the Islamic decorative motifs, the animal patterns are less visible. It seems the little presence of this figure in among of Islamic decorative motifs shows symbolism trend that points to special concept. In Roshan Abad building, figures like fish and bird attract attention and it seems are designed based on special concepts. Thus, in the present study, it is tried to study the symbolism of decorative motifs based on Islamic wisdom. This study is descriptive-historical research and qualitatively analyzes the research information, direct observations, as well as library research are also used for data gathering. According to the results of the present study, it seems reflection of Shia and mystical ideas as symbols that insinuate to concepts like pontificate and guidance, is the most voucher in decorations of Roshan Abad building.

Comparison of spatial structure of historical contexts and new neighborhood development in order to find a suitable and desirable pattern for developing new context, is one of the significant issues of urban designers and planners that helpsthem to restore a positive pattern for development, and to prevent the formation of negative patterns of neighborhood development. In this regard, this paper studies the spatial structure of two historical contexts in Gorgan city andcompares them by using space syntax technique and its approach in physical structure and specially its street network. The results of this study, based on the space modeling indicators, shows that in the context of the Farhangian Town, the control, association and connection indicies on average are higher compared to the historical context, but is lower in the depth index. Therefore, it is clear that the historical context which has an organic structure, has a high internalization. Finally, the research findings can be used to design new urban developments.

Sense of belonging to place as a growing sense between place and people with common goals contains interests and attachments of individuals to the place. Places with these qualities have distinct atmospheres that remain on the individuals mind and lead them to return to the place. It is obvious that these distinctions are trying to illustrate physical and social spaces of life, containing meanings and activities. Trying to give sense of belonging to settlements is a relatively new method in managing public urban spaces which aims to transform boring and abandoned spaces to vibrant and high quality places. Lack of smart and coherent thinking for a comprehensive guide in planning and design of urban historic areas is a threat to conserve identity and heritage of a city. Old quarter of Gorgan as one of the most important economic hubs of the city is facing with many challenges. part of these challenges are because of declining in sense of belonging to place in this area. The results of this declining are forming disease visual landscapes, incongruous buildings comparing with historic identity of place, population displacement and presence of immigrant and unfamiliar populations. to assess the sense of belonging, some questions can be regarded: What are the constituent factors of the sense of belonging? And what are the conditions of Gorgan’s old neiborhoods in this sense? The aim of this paper, therefore, is assessing sense of belonging in traditional neighborhoods of Gorgan to compare the results between neighborhoods and find weaknesses and strengths of them in this field. Using library studies, criteria affecting sense of belonging are gathered by the view of urban professionals. Then normes and criteria are weighted by fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP). In the next step the assessed statements through questionnaires, observation and interviews in the neighborhoods analyzed in TOPSIS method. Between examined norms of sense of belonging to place, most important criteria were vitality, place attachment, satisfaction of place and collective memory in order. The results of rating by TOPSIS model indicate neighborhoods of Sarcheshme (0.681), Naalbandan (0.662), Pasarve (0.625) and Dabaghan (0.553) have got the most final scores, on the other hand, neighborhoods of Baghepalang and ShazdeGhasem, Mirkarim and Chaharshanbeyi have got the least final scores. Sarcheshme is located nearby Naalbandan and Pasarv where the main old Bazzar is located and It is in the center of old Gorgan where are relatively lively. Generally in the three dimensions of sense of belonging, subjective (durability, place attachment and dependency) and functional (Social interactions and vitality) dimensions had the most influences in assessing and rating of neighborhoods.

The hierarchal structures in organizations and unfamiliarity with the network relations governing the management of urban contexts have resulted in the lack of organizational cooperation and coordination in the field of management of such contexts. consequently, numerous problems have occurred in the renewal of urban contexts. On the other hand, the in the recent years, the government has highlighted the necessity of participatory management founding Urban Regeneration Commission. The historical context of Gorgan is one of the Iran`s valuable contexts which like its other predecessors in other cities has suffered from numerous problems that its solution needs to inter-organizational cooperation. However, numerous organizations with different administrative structures are involved in this field. Therefore, this study is an attempt to analyze the participatory structure of organizational network responsible for the renewal of historical context of Gorgan. The main goal of this paper is the analysis of organizational network in relation with participatory management of urban renaissance in the historical context of Gorgan. On this account, the study is seeking for identification of network features, interpretation of participatory structure and analysis of actors in this field. The main question of study is What are the features of the participatory structure of the organizational network used for the renewal of historical context of Gorgan? To answer this question, the study used descriptive- interpretative strategy in pragmatism paradigm of research. Data gathered through semi-structured interviews and then analysed by social network analysis method based on the data of inter-organizational relations.
The results of the study indicates that despite government's endeavor for founding Urban Regeneration Commission and its effects on renaissance network , the renaissance network of the historical context of Gorgan is still governed by a hierarchical structure and based on the central governance pattern, in which mentioned and referred in previous researchs. Moreover, the research findings indicated that the inter-organizational relation could be deemed as coordination, which is formed due to the short-term relations for organizational coordination and data sharing. Considering the features of network participatory structure, the study has classified the network actors into three groups of active agents, potential agents, and indifferent agents .

Architecture and urbanism of Iran and consequently, the house architecture in the Qajar and the first Pahlavi periods has changed greatly. Gorgan city's architecture, like other places in Iran, has received different developments which has made structure of historic houses of the Qajar and the first Pahlavi different from each other. These developments at the physical field have led to changes in three fields of houses: indoors, semi-open spaces (balcony), and outdoors (yard). These changes have their roots in different factors like alteration in habitation style, conversion of multi-family living into single-family one, novel building materials, westernization, conversion of traditional introverted housing into foreign extroverted one, or generally speaking change in life style. This research tries to study process of changes in indoor and outdoor spaces of Gorgan's native houses from the Qajar to the first Pahlavi period. Thus using descriptive-analytic research method, test of the means at spss software was used to prove that changes of the means of spatial dimensions of data is significant with an error of 0.05 (Pvalue

Sustainable development, as the most important goal of environmental movements, introduces the stability of small society as the most important way of reaching sustainability. Neighborhood sustainable development will lead to communitie's ability to utilization management and using of natural, human and ecological resources which will cause environmental sustainability. Despite the above mentioned factors, during the contemporary era, Gorgan urban contexts went through a lot changes in economic, social and environmental contexts which affected the neighborhood skeleton and its performance in satisfying the needs of residents to great extent. The most important factors of such changes are automobiles domination, linkage breakdown and lack of attention to context and locality which not only forms new neighborhood developments but also dominates old and historical contexts of the city which caused problems such as environmental sustainability decay of city neighborhood, increase of energy consumption and decrease of satisfaction of residents.
One of the patterns which directly targeted energy and environment is the pattern model of leadership in energy and environmental design in neighborhood development which provides approaches for neighborhood development that compatible with environment during assessing and comparing different areas based on their environmental sustainability. Standards of this pattern are based on a complex of urban smart growth principles, new urbanism movement and green buildings. On this ground, by using leadership in energy and environmental design in neighborhood development for Eghtesad and Sar-Cheshme which were chosen among historical, planned urban contexts were assessed and compared according to their environmental sustainability. The results showed that although all of the two neighborhoods possessed low levels of environmental sustainability according to the standards of this pattern, Eghtesad neighborhood which is a relatively new and planned context is in better conditions. The final result say Eghtesad neighborhood got 33 points, Sar-Cheshme neighborhood got 28 points out of 100.

The quality of life as a concept influenced by growth of urbanization, has affected global and humanitarian issues. Moreover, urban development and its consequences led to urban quality of life which is a different phenomenon with initial social and psycho origins of quality of life. Urban quality of life is measurable in both subjective and objective aspects. The subjective aspect emphasizes on perception of people and satisfaction of citizens from urban environment and the objective aspect is achievable using existing secondary data. Literature review shows the importance of physical and environmental aspects of the quality of life in urban planning, so it is crucial to select appropriate indicators and variables. Regarding the importance of residential satisfaction in the framework of quality of life, this research aims to survey and measure subjective physical-environmental quality of life. The main goals of this research are as follows: (1) surveying physical and environmental quality of life; (2) developing factors and indicators of physical and environmental quality of life; and (3) measuring subjective physical and environmental quality of life in Iran’s mid-sized cities. The theoretical framework of this research is based on the combination of main criteria and indicators in literature review. Selection of indicators and variables depends on accessibility to data and characteristics of mid-sized cities in Iran. They are categorized into physical and environmental aspects. The physical aspect includes three groups: access, transportation and housing. According to spatial plan of Iran that is the grand document, middle-sized cities have 250-500 thousand population. Iran has 14 middle-sized cities that four of them are in Tehran province. Based on 2011 census data, three middle-sized city, Qazvin, Gorgan and Kashan, have been selected among these cities by simple sampling method. By introducing 30 indicators, the level of resident’s satisfaction has been inferred in three middle-sized cities in Iran. The questionnaires completed by interviews and the whole number of questionnaires in cities were 1078 ones. First, 30 questionnaires were tested to resolve ambiguities and faults. It has been considered that interviews to be performed with various range of gender and age groups in different times of a day. Answers were in Likert scale ranging 1-5. For measuring questionnaire results, data entered into Access software and changed into quantitative data by Excel. Using SPSS software and Factor Analysis method, main factors and acceptable indicators were identified as environmental, access to services, access to educational land uses, transportation and housing. Results show that physical and environmental quality of life is affected by environmental factor more than any other one. The importance of housing is in the lowest rate comparing with other factors. Total quality of life score implies that satisfaction is higher in Kashan (0.6) than Qazvin (0.545) and Gorgan (0.540). Comparison between factor’s scores clarifies that although the level of satisfaction is different in cities, but they are all in medium range of satisfaction. Since the decisions and actions of urban planners have significant impact on citizen’s quality of life, so identification and analysis of such problems can provide useful information for planners to improve urban quality of life.

Gorgan is one of important centers of civilization at north of Iran.During the Qajar dynasty¡ political and administrative importance of the city significantly increased because it’s the origin land of Qajars. So¡ a complete example of Qajar urbanism can be seen in the historic part of Gorgan. Referring to the characteristics of urban spaces in Iranian cities¡ historic part of Gorgan introduces a unique composition and different patterns of neighborhood ( Mahallah’s) Central Plazas that their main function has been religious with the name of Tekyeh. Despite a rich background in these spaces to find principles of Iranian Islamic city indices¡ there is no integral and comprehensive research about these plazas.
This research as a start point concentrates on physical typology of these plazas. Method of research based on urban spaces typology approach use historical interpretative method¡ content analyzes method and simulation.
Meanwhile documentation of current situation of Mahallah’s Central Plazas in historic Part of Gorgan¡ the analysis demonstrates that in terms of physical¡ these Plazas have a common characteristic in the type of accessibility¡ permeability and proportions. Moreover¡ the principle of flexibility in the plazas functions¡ especially in combination with religious and commercial performance¡ has been considered as a base in design.