جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « activity » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

Aggressive behavior in various forms is one of society’s major and fundamental problems. The importance of this issue at the global level has led to proposals and solutions to reduce aggression. Environmental experts believe that the environment with its components can significantly impact mental health, behavioral stress, the sense of belonging to space, and the amount of social interactions of users. The onset of aggressive behavior in childhood will lead to serious social harm and threats in the future. Aggressive behavior is very concerning. Aggressive children are harmed in their relationships with family, peers, and teachers, and this behavior will affect their academic performance, concentration, and learning. For this reason, the identification of factors affecting this behavior has been the focus of mental health researchers and should be considered by the educational system. Thus, school is the most effective environment in which students, along with their friends and peers, can imitate aggressive behavior or they can behave relatively calmly and logically. The main purpose of this research to reduce such behaviors of students in schools is to achieve a model of optimal causal relationships between effective environmental components.

The research method is based on a survey to evaluate the environmental components that are affecting the reduction of aggressive behavior, which was extracted from the framework of theoretical foundations. A questionnaire was prepared and distributed among 317 male high school students. Data analysis is a method of factor analysis in which the relationship between environmental components is explained, and the final research model is drawn from Emus software. Also, causal relationships of the model are evaluated using path analysis.

In the findings of the research, the relationship model between the seven main factors of environmental components and students' aggression in schools has been drawn. These factors include the effect of a stress-free environment in establishing a sense of empathy among students, the effect of diversity in increasing spatial attractiveness, the effect of readability and accessibility on improving students' mental peace, the effect of naturalism on the formation of a fresh environment, the effect of privacy on increasing environmental security, and the effect of flexibility of environmental elements. In improving the performance and finally, the effect of furniture and diverse arrangement is on setting the activity of the environment. In the final model, three cycles of naturalistic factors impact the environment without stress. The first cycle, which expresses the role of nature along with the readability and flexibility of space, will lead to the movement of the second cycle with the addition of the diversity factor and then the third cycle with the activity factor.

The results indicate that the cycle of naturalism with the mediation of diversity at 39.8% and activity at 40.2% has led to the formation of a stress-free environment. Also, the spatial readability factor with 65.4%, and the environmental security factor with 50.2% were identified as the most effective factors in the model, and the final model was influenced by these two factors.

In ecological psychology field, multiple concepts have been proposed that address the interaction between the physical structure of the environment and human behavior as well as the effect of activity patterns of individuals on designing a suitable space. One of the most influential concepts related to the relationship between people and the environment is affordance. In spite of different studies, the theory of affordance has not been pointed to as a practical and efficient concept which is applicable in design. Thus, this important matter requires some studies regarding the in-depth analysis of the concept of affordance in the context of human environment and the relationship between this concept and users’ activity patterns in the sustainability of these spaces. Users of open spaces have different activity patterns according to their needs and desires, and examining the reasons for these differences is statistically and interpretively significant. Different age groups have relatively significant psychological differences in their perception of the affordances of residential spaces, and it is important to gain an understanding of the ways in which these groups perceive the affordances of open spaces in residential complexes. The main issue brought up in this study is how the perception of environmental affordances for different age groups are ignored in the process of designing open spaces. This has led some of these groups to abandon these spaces.The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between physical and individual characteristics of different user groups with a perception of affordances and activity in open spaces.The open spaces include a wide range of subjective and objective affordances for use by all age groups. The activities that occur in these spaces are influenced by individual characteristics such as age and gender,

According to the prevailing view in architectural and urban studies, the bazaar is described as the backbone of the spatial and social structure of Iranian cities. However, various studies on public spaces, especially commercial centers in Iran, show that despite the small growth of these buildings; They have serious weaknesses in the field of quality. In a way that has caused the degradation of qualitative components and the failure of many spaces designed in the contemporary era has been seen. Recognizing this issue and the lack of behavioral-spatial studies in markets and commercial centers in this article, we have tried to study the relationship between environmental quality in various dimensions, including space with current activities in traditional markets and new commercial centers. Because there seems to be a significant relationship between the type of current activities and the success of the behavioral camp. The research method is mixed and based on observing the range of current activities, spatial configuration analysis and questioning of space users. The study area includes the traditional market of Boroujerd and Diplomat Shopping Center have been selected as two architectural models. For this purpose, 2 behavioral camps in the traditional market and 1 camp in the Diplomat Center were studied. Space Syntax analysis variables included "Integration ", "depth" and "connection". According to Jan Gehl's theory, current activities are divided into three groups: "mandatory", "optional" and "social", and the quality of the environment is divided into four categories: "objective-structural", "objective-functional", and "objective-environmental", "Mental-spatial", "mental-semantic" is divided. The hypotheses were tested using correlation analysis method in SPSS.23 software. It was concluded that the studied behavioral camps, due to their high physical quality, allow the occurrence of selective activities that are more dependent on the physical and physical conditions of the environment than other activities. Also, there is a significant positive relationship between voluntary and interconnected activities in the studied behavioral camps.

Human life is full of various and frequent activities and events, occurring in time and space with different rhythms. This description of human "life" emphasizes the crucial role of rhythmanalysis for architects and urban designers, who’s creative job is to organize and pattern their "living" built environment.In the present article, while exploring rhythms of everyday life, designers' attention is drawn to the importance and necessity of recognizing these rhythms in development of architectural design knowledge. Therefore, first, an overall view of the day to day life rhythms in architectural spaces is presented, using logical reasoning and based on the research precedents. This overall view shows a hierarchy of rhythms in space, from natural rhythms to human-based ones including biological, personal, socio-cultural and physical-spatial rhythms.In order to corroborate the necessity as well as the mechanisms of rhythmanalysis, an educational complex was selected for a case study, in which non-interfering close observations, in-depth interviews, and qualitative content analysis, were applied, as methods of inquiry.The results indicate that in many spaces, more than one activity and event occurs. Thus, users have to constantly change the furniture in each space, or move from one space to another, to be able to accomplish their intended activities and/or to provide suitable venues for events to take place. The results also connote that it is not sufficient to draw merely upon established design standards, but also the frequency of activities and events in time and space must be taken into account.

Physical and contextual factors influence activities. Meanwhile, considering this fact that women's behavior patterns are different from men and also there is a great difference in their perception of spaces, so women have different needs and expectations in the spaces, and lack of attention to these differences may reduce their presence in urban spaces and violate their citizenship rights. Several factors such as individual, interpersonal and transpersonal characteristics and also the differences in beliefs and social norms have an effect on the presence amount of women in spaces; the initial hypothesis of this article is: that socio-cultural patterns along with psychological characteristics has an impact on the behavior and expectations of women in urban spaces. This means that the planning and design that do not aim to delete or reduce the barriers caused by contextual factors and physical factors can lead to a low presence of women and their necessary activity in the neighborhood. Since old and new neighborhoods have different socio-cultural norms, two neighborhoods with the aim of conducting comparative research have been studied. The method was a descriptive-analytical one, and the questionnaire technique was used. Thus, 160 resident women who are over 20 years of age have been questioned in both selected neighborhoods. The results show that social norms, fear of other judgments, beliefs, the presence of men in urban spaces in the old neighborhood (Imamzadeh Yahya Street) were the factors affecting women's presence and the usage of the space; while in the new neighborhood (Dastgerdi Street in Zargandeh neighborhood), these factors are not important. This means that women in the old neighborhood are more marginalized.

The discipline of the structure of a complex has a direct relationship with the observance of hierarchy in it, because the architecture of mosques is no exception to this, and this principle has been observed in the structure of these buildings. The value of this sequence, in addition to creating spirituality in a non - verbal way, provides the ground for human excellence and leads him to his goal. The importance of this sequence in accordance with the functional and physical characteristics is effective in strengthening the mental image of a person and he can feel this issue in a tangible way in different stages of passing from inside to outside the mosque. During his motion to the correctness Mosque of hierarchy caused him to Effect on his activities and the mental image formed in him to establish an emotional connection between him and the place, which is interpreted as a sense of place. The sense of place is formed to a degree that, based on the discovery and decipherment of the hierarchy created, will create a sense of remembrance and belonging. Sense of place is the product of human exchange with the environment and vice versa, which has a great impact on behavior and performance and will provide the basis for his familiarity with the surrounding place. The more physical symptoms in the environment, the better the viewer can relate to the environment. Physical elements are so important that they can turn space into a place to show a new structure. The difference between space and place produces a character that the viewer can better understand by understanding the difference. Acquiring such cognition creates more permanence in the individual chr('39')s mind and creates a sense of place. Components such as body, activity, and mental image represent the place model. The body is a representative of human tradition and thought that can organize the space. With the correct understanding of the body, space can be better understood. Grutter states that the body should be chosen to represent the content and idea of the design, and to express spiritual bodies, a suitable visual body should be chosen that is understandable, and these interpretations point to the importance of the language of the space body. Codes received from the body are effective in orienting people in the environment. Without guidance in the environment, a person can be guided to the destination and reach the goal with his first presence based on perception of the body. It can be said that the person is constantly decoding in order to better understand the environment. Human interaction with the physical environment will tell him what behavior he has shown in the environment and how to take advantage of the non-verbal communication of the environment. According to canter chr('39')s model, in order to better understand the physical elements, we turn it into three physical components: horizontal, vertical and opening, and analyze them. The analysis makes it possible to see the hierarchy in such a way that it understands the codes and signs manifested in it and based on the signs obtained from the hierarchy, its activity is as stillness, movement or Do silence with movement in the mosque. The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in the sense of place in mosques and the answer to the question how time has affected this sense in mosques? To study this question in more detail, the mosques of three historical periods of Qajar (Safar Ali and Seyed Hamzeh mosques), Pahlavi (Nabi Akram and Tabatabai Hakim mosques), Jomhuri Eslami (Vali - Asr mosque and Tabriz University mosque) were studied. In the research method section, the question is examined qualitatively and using library resources such as books, articles, technical documents of mosques and field work and by presenting a research model based on the physical form of mosques and evaluating it based on hierarchy and analysis of physical elements. Affecting the sense of place studied. The findings indicate that some of the physical elements in the mosques have changed over time and this has diminished the physical richness of the hierarchies. In addition, the elimination of hierarchies in some mosques does not make sense of place and the user cannot perform the required activities in space That user inactivity will not provide the mental image needed to create a sense of place. The results show that change or elimination of hierarchy in Tabriz mosques with other parts of Iran was not unexpected because the difference in climate in Tabriz caused this difference On the other hand, hierarchies and sense of place in the mosques complement each other so that changing the sequence of hierarchies in each period causes the user activity to change from static to move less mental image of space and the link between the hierarchy. And it will diminish the sense of belonging.

Nightlife and night-time economic attractions are a proper way to expand a working day and the impetus for national growth and development. The present study sought to answer the basic question of how the city of Rasht, Iran could provide a suitable platform for the spatiotemporal flow of activities in the evening and at night.by adopting an analytical framework of time geography and quantitative analysis of nightlife consumption practices in the city center.

There have been many studies outside Iran on urban nightlife, most of which refer to a combination of social science studies on alcohol and the night leisure industry (Aresi & Pedersen, 2016; Pedrero-García, 2018; Søgaard, 2017). Studies conducted in Iran on nightlife have addressed the topic differently from the research performed outside Iran; these studies have been focused on geography and tourism planning (Shaykh-Baygloo & Soltani, 2019), urban vitality (Ghazanfarpor et al., 2019), cultural factors (Anizadeh, 2018), urban night leisure planning (Kashfi, 2012), and urban night landscape with an emphasis on lighting (AkhavanSaraf et al., 2014). Against this background of research, the present study sought to complement the previous geographic research by adopting an analytical framework of time geography and a quantitative analysis of nightlife consumption practices at the center of Rasht. The innovative aspect of the present study, adopting an analytical framework of time geography, was the combination of two fields, namely nightlife consumption and perception of safety. The perception of safety, that is, the experience of the subjective feeling of being secure (Tulumello & Falanga, 2015), has been known as a key component of a well-functioning city (Cozens & Tarca, 2016). It is influenced by many factors, including the built environment and activities (Bennetts et al., 2017; Piroozfar et al., 2019; van Nes et al., 2016) as an attribute of safer places (Llewelyn-Davies & Partnership, 2004). The literature (Heshmati & Charehjoo, 2018; Park & Garcia, 2019; Piroozfar et al., 2019; Yaran et al., 2019) suggests that the activity factor alone cannot cause spatial differentiation, concentration and thus a greater sense of safety. The solution is to create a high-quality environment by providing different types of complementary opportunities and activities and thoughtfully designing spaces to minimize inconsistencies so as to host a variety of uses and users. This is doubly important in the discussion of nightlife.Urban spaces attract a large number of people at night. The most easily distinguishable time-space layer is that of life and business in the evening and the early hours of the night (usually during 9-11 PM, but sometimes during 6-11 PM) (Rowe & Bavinton, 2011). After evening business, night-time business (11 PM to 2 AM) begins, and the number and diversity of nightlife users decreases dramatically, resulting in fewer services, especially public transportation. The expected outcomes of the present study were the urban nightlife ideals: to identify nightlife consumption practices and evaluate the spatiotemporal flow of activities in two layers of time-space, i.e., evening-downtown Rasht and night-downtown Rasht, in terms of perceived safety, diversity, and inclusivity.

A questionnaire was used for the data collection. The participants were asked to provide information on the following:(1) geographic locations of night-time activities in the city; (2) types of nightlife activity, including the movies, cafes/restaurants, parks/green spaces, bazaars/shopping malls (commercial centers, hypermarkets, etc.), walking/running, gymnasiums, etc.; (3) arrival time and duration of the last night out; (4) companionship, involving group size and group composition in terms of gender and ethnicity.In a part of the questionnaire, the respondents were asked to evaluate their feelings of safety/lack of safety at a specific (nightlife activity/entertainment) location and state the reason. In addition, the questionnaire included questions about the respondents’ more general patterns of going out and their demographic and socioeconomic statuses. The respondents were asked how often they went out on average and where they often went for nightlife. They were also asked about their genders, ages, lifestyles (living conditions, place of residence), social classes (academic degree, occupation, and type of work), and ethnicities. The data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistical methods (chi-squared test and two-step cluster analysis) using the SPSS 26 software.

The cluster analysis indicated significant differences in the types of nightlife consumption in downtown Rasht. Nevertheless, the heterogeneity in the space-time paths of nightlife downtown could be summarized in two distinct patterns: going to the park and shopping. These patterns are diverse in many ways, but could be identified at a part of the city center (Sabzeh Meydan Park). The key predictors included the following in descending order of significance: group ethnicity (1.00), group gender (1.00), group size (1.00), type of nightlife activity/entertainment (0.82), average duration (0.60), living conditions (0.48), ethnicity (0.42), location (0.33), gender (0.27), and academic degree (0.18). In this study, occupation and type of work, place of residence, and age played insignificant roles. The findings demonstrated that the majority of nightlife consumers in downtown Rasht felt safe, and this perceived safety could be accounted for mainly (78.2%) by the factor known as activities/people on the street, etc. In the study area, women had a pivotal role in the social production of space, which could be attributed to their perception of the feeling of safety in the nightlife of downtown Rasht.

According to the above findings, the average time of arrival at the first nightlife activity/entertainment (19:28) and the average time spent downtown (3.21 h), Rasht can be a suitable platform for the spatiotemporal flow of activities only in the evening and the initial hours of the night (during 6-11 PM). To conclude, three practical suggestions are made simultaneously for revision of the current procedure: to diversify the activities performed downtown, to manage the area by improving the quality of urban spaces and supporting longer hours of night-time activities, and to provide frequent late-night public transport.

The subject of this article is to study the factors and criteria of urban street desirability and citizens' expectations from them. The problem of research is the lack of accurate knowledge of the components of urban street utility in its various sequences. The theoretical proposition of the research is that the existence of quality in the physical, spatial, semantic-symbolic and activity-social components leads to vitality, memory, safety and flexibility as dimensions of citizens' expectations of the urban street. . The research method of the article includes descriptive-analytical and survey methods. Data collection method Interview is an open and semi-structured questionnaire. The statistical population of citizens is three sequences from Valiasr Street.
The results of the research show that vitality and memory play an important role in meeting the expectations of citizens from the city street. The two dimensions of flexibility and safety play a lesser role than these other two dimensions. The proximity of the importance of the four components leads to greater desirability. For the desirability of an urban street, the role of physical, spatial, semantic and activity components is very different according to the nature of the street sequence, but the effectiveness of all four components in creating desirability and creating a unique street character is very important. Physical and spatial components lead to greater vitality and safety, and semantic and activity components lead to greater memory and flexibility.

Cities and settlements in the Iranian Plateau are developed in deep relationship with and dependence on water sources and their functioning systems . A clear manifestation of this all-inclusive link between the settlement and the water storage and distribution system can be found in Mohammadiyeh, in central Iranian deserts. The system that was developed based on groundwater recovery and its transportation by Qanat still remains today with little change. Two types of Qanat can be found in Mohammadiyeh: Irrigation and Urban Qanats. Irrigation Qanats (such as the Hanfash Qanat) enter agricultural lands immediately from the outlet, but urban Qanats (such as the Mohammadiyeh qanat) first enter residential areas and are then used for irrigation purposes. In residential areas, the Qanat is distributed in a path that is chosen based on land slope. Public areas such as mosques, bathhouses, creeks, houses, etc. are located along this path. This path ends in a morgue in Paderakht neighborhood, then enters the northeastern gardens, and then the agricultural lands.  There are multiple aspects to this system with respect to the community and the life of inhabitants. This water system has remained for centuries and is systematically developed. Mohammadiyeh's water system has been developing since the time of its formation, and has continued to develop along with the development of the city and today continues to make changes. Areas such as Mohammadiyah have been formed in a deep and interconnected relationship with the water resources and the division of the system, which today can be very useful in recognizing and revising the multiplicity and multi-functional relationship of this system. A survey of previous studies analyzing the impact of water on the settlements reveals that they are predominantly descriptive and that they have only addressed physical aspects; besides, they do not adopt a specific methodology. Therefore, considering that most Iranian studies focused on the desert areas and the well-known, stable water system in Mohammadiyeh, in the central Iranian plateau, this village was selected to be studied. The present study adopts an analytical, survey approach to the investigation of interactions between Mohammadiyeh and the water system in a mixed method (both qualitative and quantitative). The present study, based on field observations, analysis of documents and existing studies, and in-depth interviews, studies and analyzes the relationship and effects of Qanats in Mohammadiyeh in three dimensions: physical, functional-activity, and social. This study is aimed to reveal the principles governing the development of this system by investigating the various aspects of the link between the system and the physical-spatial, and functional-activity structure on the one hand and the social life and beliefs on the other. The results suggest that water and its distribution system include all-inclusive, multi-functional networks that have survived over the centuries. The circulation and distribution of water encompass the path of Qanats (linear element) and karizes, underground channels and creeks, bathhouses, pools (point element), etc. The development of Mohammadiyeh, including the establishment of neighborhood centers, the network of passages, houses, and public buildings, matches the ideas shaping the water distribution system and the physical form of Mohammadiyeh. In addition, the Qanat-based water system is in a close relationship with the physical and social urban structure and private and public spheres at many levels. Therefore, the multidimensional relationship between this system and the urban structure has transformed from a mere utility infrastructure into a multidimensional system that is in correlation with both physical-spatial and social-cultural aspects of the village.

This research attempts to shed light on land use impact on activities and pedestrian behavior. Furthermore, this paper aims to analyze the influential factors on urban street livability and vitality in order to provide a favorable basis to improve behavior diversity in urban public space. Daneshjou Street is a case study in this article. This street is located in western Mashhad. Mashhad is the capital of Khorasan_Razavi Province. According to pervious research, all actions undertaken to respond to human needs is considered an activity but behavior is how we do these activities. In this article, the category of Jan Gehl (necessary activities, optional activities, social activities) is used for studying behavior. According to investigation toward land use planning, we can consider frequency of use, the purpose of visits, and functional scales as essential land use properties. All these land use properties have a variety of sub-criteria. The purpose of the visit are a response to secondary needs and primary needs. Land use functional scales have neighborhood scale, regional scales, and district scales. Frequency of use includes once or more visits in a day, once or more visits in a week, once or more visits in a month, once or more visits in a year and visits at uncertain times. In this case study, we determined 5 types of land use:Commercial, Office, Open space (park), Mix-use residential and general service (gas station). This article is trying to answer the following question: "How do different land uses cause different behaviors? It seems that most urban design literature and text books have focused on the effects of different land uses on people‘s activities, and behaviors in urban public space is not studied or only narrowed to pedestrian walkways. This is a qualitative and descriptive analytic research study. The chosen methodology for the study behavior was direct observation and behavior pattern analysis and the methodology for studying land use comprised of observations and questionnaires. The sample size was 138. In Daneshjou Street, there are diverse activities and behaviors; for instance, it was possible to consider Walk to shops, Walk to do something, Transit, Walk to do a job, stand to do something or stand to wait as necessary activities and stroll, sit to eat and drink, sit to read, sit to rest and stand to eat and drink as optional activities. In addition, social activities observed included 2 people or more talking to each other, Cultural events and buying from venders. In Daneshjou Street, Mashhad, the frequency of necessary activities, optional activities and social activities were 29.5%, 33.7% and 36.8%, respectively.. Thus, social activities occurred more frequently than others activities in this case study. Pearson correlation test and chi square test were used for analyzing the information In conclusion, this study proves that land uses with a district functional scale, land uses with more than once a week visit frequency, and land uses responding to secondary needs could provide more variety of pedestrian behaviors in Daneshjou Street.

Sequence of activities has evident and objective aspects in the people living environment that depend on subjective and meaningful aspects in their culture and lifestyle. The sequence of activities with two forms of «spatial and temporal»، are ways of separation or aggregation of activities in different cultures dwelling، which lie at the origin of the formation of behaviour settings. The theoretical framework of this study، based on cultural viewpoints، surveys the «activities، spatial and temporal distances and sequences of activities» and their meanings in dwelling environment. For the purposes of this survey، a case study was done in a residential environment of «Qashqai tribe». In this study، a qualitative research method with data gathering techniques such as taking pictures from the environment and activities، drawing residential units’ maps، behaviour settings diagrams and laddering semi-structured interviews was used. After coding the content of gathered information، analytical findings classified in two parts of «spatial sequence» and «temporal sequence» of activities، and by the Means-End model، consequences and meanings of the sequence of activities was presented in the form of «Feature-Consequence-Meaning» propositions. The results show that the sequence of activities in «Qashqai» dwelling is under influence of “preserving social status «and» observing the privacy of individuals and activities «meanings. Other consequences of meanings like» desirability of human activity settings«prepare lifestyle habitus event conditions in dwelling. In addition to providing a theoretical framework for the study of the human-environment relationship and the presentation of activity sequence properties، the results emphasize the meaningfulness of spatial and temporal sequences of activities in dwellings.

Rituals can be defined as customs which have been formed during ages, and work toward defining and adjusting humans’ relationship with society, environment, and history; the rituals also define the relationships among citizens in a symbolic space. On the one hand, rituals, as social activities, are closely related to space, influence it, and are influenced by it; and on the other hand, rituals, as cultural phenomena, have the capacity to maintain social and cultural relationships in a city; therefore, rituals can be considered as spatial, and consequently, urban phenomena. Urban rituals have always left their trace on cities. The present research aims to investigate their relationship and interaction. In the first phase of the present research, using a descriptive analytic approach, and within a qualitative framework, the interaction of city and urban rituals is investigated in order to present a conceptual model for such interaction. The results show that processional rituals, as social actions which are repeatable in certain times and places, and have a metaphoric and symbolic nature, through four major norms, i.e. openness, connection, continuity, and adaptation, interact with three major urban components, namely form, meaning, and activity. In the second phase of the research, using a survey analytic approach and using special techniques such as spatial syntax, behavior analysis as well as cognitive mapping, and using the appropriate devices, the Ashura processions in Lahijan were investigated based on the presented conceptual model. The results suggest that from the perspective of form, processional rituals have created or given form to certain elements and spaces in Lahijan. Performing them in the spatial structure of the city in the past has formed connections between several networks and spaces across the city, and in general, has contributed to the formal-spatial coherence of the city. Today, despite the changes in the structure of the city, performing these rituals reminds one of the previous structures. From the perspective of meaning, processional rituals create memorable, meaningful and symbolic spaces, and give identity and a sense of possession to spaces. Moreover, the spatial structure of the rituals is reflected as a coherent and legible structure in the mind of citizens. From the perspective of activity, the most important aspects of the processional rituals are embracing more presence, providing more freedom for activity, creating a public domain, and being democratic; these in turn lead to strengthening neighborhoods, increasing public participation and processional unity. In conclusion, given the positive effects of processional rituals on the one hand, and the problems of the old and precious urban context on the other hand, these rituals can be considered as a potential in the city. If the conditions for performing the rituals and promoting their positive effects are prepared, they can be used in the regeneration and improvement of formal and functional aspects of the old context.

The rate of success in urban areas can be attributed to the rate of the use and presence of human being in that place. In fact، architecture should improve social interactions and human relationships and should be void of anything that would cause separation and departure of human beings. Nonetheless، the architecture as can be seen today in city centers appears to be mostly intended to decrease social communication. It specifically lacks the social participation of residents of urban areas. The streets have hierarchy and meet certain qualitative and quantitative features whose goals and roles are determined based on their significance in the city structure. To the same effect، coherence in the architecture of cities is important because it acts like a discipline which links individuals and groups together. The channels in which the currents are established and the capacity of channels through which we communicate with others are quite different. This has made the streets as a great communication channel in the city. In fact، streets are considered as the most important infrastructure and basic public open spaces that are easily available. Therefore، it is important to pay appropriate attention to the streets. This is particularly important when considering that the streets have a social function as well، regardless of their regular functions like facilitating transportation، etc. The present research seeks to argue the low level of social interaction in urban area as a main issue. It in fact tries to solve this problem and recognize the different elements involved through quantities methods. The research studies the main streets of Sanandaj city and its historical perspectives and seeks to examine social interactions in the city as well as the factors involved in it. Needless to say that public areas comprise complex patterns of operation and include various concepts. Therefore، recognizing these relations can be effective in designing highly efficient public areas. Also، recognizing various elements in city architecture including physical، social and individual elements that promote social interactions are equally important. Nevertheless، there are currently no specific mechanisms for assessment of elements involved in social interactions in Iran’s urban streets. The main motives for doing the present research were recognizing the positive and negative qualities of characters in order to identify which areas need to be improved and which areas need to be removed. In this research we want to use different techniques to study and recognize urban streets in order to explore space requirement for improving citizen relationships in streets of the city. Therefore، the research tries to evaluate social space variations and elements of streets، examine streets features، analyze region capacity and examine local potentials. The main goals of the research include classifying the qualitative parameters of streets and extracting variations (qualitative elements of urban streets such as usage، permeability، security and legibility) and evaluating variants of regions which are effective social interaction at the local scale. This research makes it clear that main streets of Sanandaj have not been successful in creating and improving social interactions. In fact، the streets of Sanandaj do not have an appropriate place in collective livelihood of the city dwellers. The main streets are major routes of normal movement rather than selective and social activities. The current statue is affected by physical problems and the kind of people’s attitude toward type، shape and level of social information. Finally، for the improvement of the current situation on the streets، achieving a moderate solution to strengthen social interactions as a meaningful and sustainable solution based on guidelines and attitudes of the dwellers is necessary. On the other hand، atmosphere designers always encounter different challenges in designing public spaces and what is important here is that among different variants effective in social relationships، which variance examines others variances and also which determines the personality features of the dwellers. In conclusion، the final model demonstrates the way and the level of effect of different variants in social interaction in order to be used for space designers. This shows that streets could have the most important place in responding to the needs of the first level of the society but rarely reach the highest level. The present research has taken into consideration the field studies. It has also analyzed the geometric heterogeneity location (site formation) and the proportion of current activities in the streets. The results show that physical features of streets are the most important factors in the reduction and loss of quality aspects of such spaces. This is in a way that high congestion and lack of space in sidewalks have already turned them as simply corridors for passing. This status increases in the peak hours (afternoons and evenings).