A comparison of content factors affecting the marginalization of women in traditional and non-traditional neighborhood spaces

Physical and contextual factors influence activities. Meanwhile, considering this fact that women's behavior patterns are different from men and also there is a great difference in their perception of spaces, so women have different needs and expectations in the spaces, and lack of attention to these differences may reduce their presence in urban spaces and violate their citizenship rights. Several factors such as individual, interpersonal and transpersonal characteristics and also the differences in beliefs and social norms have an effect on the presence amount of women in spaces; the initial hypothesis of this article is: that socio-cultural patterns along with psychological characteristics has an impact on the behavior and expectations of women in urban spaces. This means that the planning and design that do not aim to delete or reduce the barriers caused by contextual factors and physical factors can lead to a low presence of women and their necessary activity in the neighborhood. Since old and new neighborhoods have different socio-cultural norms, two neighborhoods with the aim of conducting comparative research have been studied. The method was a descriptive-analytical one, and the questionnaire technique was used. Thus, 160 resident women who are over 20 years of age have been questioned in both selected neighborhoods. The results show that social norms, fear of other judgments, beliefs, the presence of men in urban spaces in the old neighborhood (Imamzadeh Yahya Street) were the factors affecting women's presence and the usage of the space; while in the new neighborhood (Dastgerdi Street in Zargandeh neighborhood), these factors are not important. This means that women in the old neighborhood are more marginalized.